Titanium production for aerospace applications

Henriques, Vinícius A. R.

doi:10.5028/jatm.2009.01010717

Abstract:

Titanium parts are ideally suited for advanced aerospace systems because of their unique combination of high specific strength at both room temperature and moderately elevated temperature, in addition to excellent general corrosion resistance. The objective of this work is to present a review of titanium metallurgy focused on aerospace applications, including developments in the Brazilian production of titanium aimed at aerospace applications. The article includes an account of the evolution of titanium research in the Brazilian Institute (IAE/CTA) and the current state-of-art of titanium production in Brazil.

Key words:
Titanium; Aerospace industry; Powder metallurgy

Full text is available only in PDF.

REFERENCES

Allen, P., 1996, "Titanium Alloy Development", Advanced Materials & Processes, Vol. 10, pp. 35-37.
Andersen, P. J., Alber, N. E.; Thellmann, E. L., 1980, "P/M Titanium Reduces Aerospace Components Costs", Precision Metals, Vol. 104, p. 34-41,
Barksdale, J. 1966, "Titanium", Ronald Press Company, USA.
Boyer, R. R., 1994, "Aerospace Applications of Beta Titanium Alloys", Journal of Metals, Vol. 46, pp. 20-23.
Collings, E. W. 1983, "The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys", American Society for Metals, USA.
Donachie, M. J., 1988, "Titanium: a Technical Guide", ASM Metals Park, USA, 512.
Faria, J., 1990, "Fabricação de Lingotes de Titânio pelo Processo de Fusão a Arco sob Vácuo com Eletrodo Consumível", Metalurgia-ABM, Vol. 46, No. 392, pp. 530-536.
Froes, F. H., Eylon, D., 1980, "Developments in Titanium Powder Metallurgy", Journal of Metals, Vol. 32, pp. 47-54.
Froes, F. H., 1998, "The Production ofLow-Cost Titanium Powders", Journal of Metals, Vol. 9, pp. 41.
Froes, F. H., 2004, "How to Market Titanium: Lower the Cost", Journal of Metals, Vol. 56, No. l, pp. 39.
Hanson, B. H., 1995, "The Selection and Use of Titanium", Institute of Materials, USA.
Henriques, V. A. R, Bellinati, C. E., Silva, C. R. M, Moura Neto, C., 1999, "Desenvolvimento da Metalurgia do Pó (M/P) em Titânio na Indústria Aeronáutica". SAE Technical Papers Series, No. 1999-01-3013, pp. 1-5,
Henriques, V. A. R , Bellinati, C. E. , Silva, C. R. M., 2001, "Production of Ti-6% Al-7% Nb Alloy by Powder Metallurgy (P/M)". Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 118, pp. 212-215.
Henriques, V. A. R; Sandim, H. R. Z.; Silva, C. R. M., 2003, "Dissolution of Niobium Particles During Ti-6Al-7Nb Sintering", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 416-18, pp. 257-262.
Henriques, V. A. R, Sandim, H. R. Z., Coelho, G. C., Silva, C.R.M., 2003, "Microstructural Evolution During Hot Pressing of the Blended Elemental Ti-6% Al-7% Nb Alloy" Materials Science And Engineering A, Vol. 347, pp. 315-324.
Henriques, V. A. R, Moura Neto, C., 2005, "Sintering of Titanium Alloys for Advanced Aerospace Systems", SAE Technical Papers Series, No. 2005-01-2813, pp.1-5.
Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M; Bressiani, J. C., 2003, "Utilização de Técnicas de Metalurgia do Pó (M/P) na Obtenção da Liga Ti-13Nb-13Zr", M & M Metalurgia e Materiais, Vol. 59, No. 532, pp. 7-10.
Henriques, V. A .R, Sandim, H. R. Z; Silva, C. R. M. , 2003, "Use of Titanium Powders Obtained by The Sponge Screening and for The HDH Process in The Titanium alloys Production for Powder Metallurgy (P/M)", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 416-18, pp. 23-28.
Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M., 2001, "Production of Titanium Alloys for Medicai Implants by Powder Metallurgy", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 189, pp. 443-448.
Henriques, V. A. R.; Cairo, C. A. A.; Silva, C. R. M., Bressiani, J. C., 2005, "Production ofTitanium Alloys for Advanced Aerospace Systems by Powder Metallurgy", Materials Research, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 443-446.
Henriques, V. A. R., 2008, "Titânio no Brasil", Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais, 373p, Brazil.
Hurless, B. E, Froes, F. H., 2002, "Lowering the Cost of Titanium", The AMPTIAC Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 3-9.
Kroll, W. J., 1937, Z. Anorganische Chemie, Vol. 234, pp. 422.
Kroll, W. J., 1940, Trans. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 78, pp. 35.
Leyens C., Peters M., 2003, "Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentais and Applications", John Wiley & Sons, 260p, USA.
Lütjering G., 2007, "Titanium (Engineering Materials and Processes)", Springer, 300p, USA.
Rossman, E., 2007, "Straightening of Titanium Alloy Parts", Industrial Press, pp. 80, USA.
Roza, G., 2008, "Titanium", Rosen Central, pp. 48, USA.
Rover, C. F. S., Santos, P. R. G., Ferrante M., 1971a, "A Redução do TiCl₄ pelo Mg na Obtenção de Esponja de Titânio na Usina Piloto do CTA", Metalurgia", Vol. 27, No. 158, pp. 11-18.
Rover, C. F. S. , Henriques, V. A. R., Cairo, C. A. A., Moura Neto, C., 2005, "Titânio no Brasil", Metalurgia e Materiais, São Paulo, Vol. 61, No. 559, pp. 519-521.
Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G., 1970a, "A Purificação do Tetracloreto de Titânio na Usina-Piloto do CTA", Proceedings of the XXV ABM Congress; Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 32-41.
Rover, C. F. S. , Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G. 1970b, "A Redução do TiCl₄ pelo Mg na Obtenção da Esponja de Ti na Usina-Piloto do CTA", Proceedings of the XXV ABM Congress; Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 27-31.
Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G., 1971b, "Novo Equipamento de Redução e Destilação a Vácuo na Produção de Esponja de Titânio", Proceedings of the XXVI ABM Congress; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil, pp. 905-911.
Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G. 1973, "Adição Simultânea de Mg e TiCl₄ na Produção de Esponja de Titânio", Proceedings of the XXVIII ABM Congress; Salvador, Brazil, pp.43-49.
Stephen, S. J., Froes, F. H., 1988, "Titanium Metallurgy and Applications", Light Metal Age, Vol 46, No. 11, pp. 5-12.
Seong, S. 2009, "Titanium: Industrial Base, Price Trends, and Technology Initiatives", Rand Corporation, 154p, USA.
Taddei, E. B., Henriques, V. A. R., Silva, C. R. M., Cairo, C. A. A., 2005, "Characterization of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy Produced by Powder Metallurgy", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 498-499, pp. 34-39.
Taddei, E. B. , Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M, Cairo, C. A. A., 2004, "Production of New Titanium Alloy for Orthopedic Implants", Materials Science & Engineering. C, Biomimetic Materials, Sensors and Systems, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 683-687.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Jan-Jun 2009

History

Received
05 May 2009
Accepted
26 May 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Allen, P., 1996, "Titanium Alloy Development", Advanced Materials & Processes, Vol. 10, pp. 35-37.

[2] Andersen, P. J., Alber, N. E.; Thellmann, E. L., 1980, "P/M Titanium Reduces Aerospace Components Costs", Precision Metals, Vol. 104, p. 34-41,

[3] Barksdale, J. 1966, "Titanium", Ronald Press Company, USA.

[4] Boyer, R. R., 1994, "Aerospace Applications of Beta Titanium Alloys", Journal of Metals, Vol. 46, pp. 20-23.

[5] Collings, E. W. 1983, "The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys", American Society for Metals, USA.

[6] Donachie, M. J., 1988, "Titanium: a Technical Guide", ASM Metals Park, USA, 512.

[7] Faria, J., 1990, "Fabricação de Lingotes de Titânio pelo Processo de Fusão a Arco sob Vácuo com Eletrodo Consumível", Metalurgia-ABM, Vol. 46, No. 392, pp. 530-536.

[8] Froes, F. H., Eylon, D., 1980, "Developments in Titanium Powder Metallurgy", Journal of Metals, Vol. 32, pp. 47-54.

[9] Froes, F. H., 1998, "The Production ofLow-Cost Titanium Powders", Journal of Metals, Vol. 9, pp. 41.

[10] Froes, F. H., 2004, "How to Market Titanium: Lower the Cost", Journal of Metals, Vol. 56, No. l, pp. 39.

[11] Hanson, B. H., 1995, "The Selection and Use of Titanium", Institute of Materials, USA.

[12] Henriques, V. A. R, Bellinati, C. E., Silva, C. R. M, Moura Neto, C., 1999, "Desenvolvimento da Metalurgia do Pó (M/P) em Titânio na Indústria Aeronáutica". SAE Technical Papers Series, No. 1999-01-3013, pp. 1-5,

[13] Henriques, V. A. R , Bellinati, C. E. , Silva, C. R. M., 2001, "Production of Ti-6% Al-7% Nb Alloy by Powder Metallurgy (P/M)". Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 118, pp. 212-215.

[14] Henriques, V. A. R; Sandim, H. R. Z.; Silva, C. R. M., 2003, "Dissolution of Niobium Particles During Ti-6Al-7Nb Sintering", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 416-18, pp. 257-262.

[15] Henriques, V. A. R, Sandim, H. R. Z., Coelho, G. C., Silva, C.R.M., 2003, "Microstructural Evolution During Hot Pressing of the Blended Elemental Ti-6% Al-7% Nb Alloy" Materials Science And Engineering A, Vol. 347, pp. 315-324.

[16] Henriques, V. A. R, Moura Neto, C., 2005, "Sintering of Titanium Alloys for Advanced Aerospace Systems", SAE Technical Papers Series, No. 2005-01-2813, pp.1-5.

[17] Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M; Bressiani, J. C., 2003, "Utilização de Técnicas de Metalurgia do Pó (M/P) na Obtenção da Liga Ti-13Nb-13Zr", M & M Metalurgia e Materiais, Vol. 59, No. 532, pp. 7-10.

[18] Henriques, V. A .R, Sandim, H. R. Z; Silva, C. R. M. , 2003, "Use of Titanium Powders Obtained by The Sponge Screening and for The HDH Process in The Titanium alloys Production for Powder Metallurgy (P/M)", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 416-18, pp. 23-28.

[19] Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M., 2001, "Production of Titanium Alloys for Medicai Implants by Powder Metallurgy", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 189, pp. 443-448.

[20] Henriques, V. A. R.; Cairo, C. A. A.; Silva, C. R. M., Bressiani, J. C., 2005, "Production ofTitanium Alloys for Advanced Aerospace Systems by Powder Metallurgy", Materials Research, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 443-446.

[21] Henriques, V. A. R., 2008, "Titânio no Brasil", Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais, 373p, Brazil.

[22] Hurless, B. E, Froes, F. H., 2002, "Lowering the Cost of Titanium", The AMPTIAC Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 3-9.

[23] Kroll, W. J., 1937, Z. Anorganische Chemie, Vol. 234, pp. 422.

[24] Kroll, W. J., 1940, Trans. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 78, pp. 35.

[25] Leyens C., Peters M., 2003, "Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentais and Applications", John Wiley & Sons, 260p, USA.

[26] Lütjering G., 2007, "Titanium (Engineering Materials and Processes)", Springer, 300p, USA.

[27] Rossman, E., 2007, "Straightening of Titanium Alloy Parts", Industrial Press, pp. 80, USA.

[28] Roza, G., 2008, "Titanium", Rosen Central, pp. 48, USA.

[29] Rover, C. F. S., Santos, P. R. G., Ferrante M., 1971a, "A Redução do TiCl₄ pelo Mg na Obtenção de Esponja de Titânio na Usina Piloto do CTA", Metalurgia", Vol. 27, No. 158, pp. 11-18.

[30] Rover, C. F. S. , Henriques, V. A. R., Cairo, C. A. A., Moura Neto, C., 2005, "Titânio no Brasil", Metalurgia e Materiais, São Paulo, Vol. 61, No. 559, pp. 519-521.

[31] Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G., 1970a, "A Purificação do Tetracloreto de Titânio na Usina-Piloto do CTA", Proceedings of the XXV ABM Congress; Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 32-41.

[32] Rover, C. F. S. , Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G. 1970b, "A Redução do TiCl₄ pelo Mg na Obtenção da Esponja de Ti na Usina-Piloto do CTA", Proceedings of the XXV ABM Congress; Porto Alegre, Brazil, pp. 27-31.

[33] Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G., 1971b, "Novo Equipamento de Redução e Destilação a Vácuo na Produção de Esponja de Titânio", Proceedings of the XXVI ABM Congress; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil, pp. 905-911.

[34] Rover, C. F. S., Ferrante, M., Santos, P. R. G. 1973, "Adição Simultânea de Mg e TiCl₄ na Produção de Esponja de Titânio", Proceedings of the XXVIII ABM Congress; Salvador, Brazil, pp.43-49.

[35] Stephen, S. J., Froes, F. H., 1988, "Titanium Metallurgy and Applications", Light Metal Age, Vol 46, No. 11, pp. 5-12.

[36] Seong, S. 2009, "Titanium: Industrial Base, Price Trends, and Technology Initiatives", Rand Corporation, 154p, USA.

[37] Taddei, E. B., Henriques, V. A. R., Silva, C. R. M., Cairo, C. A. A., 2005, "Characterization of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy Produced by Powder Metallurgy", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 498-499, pp. 34-39.

[38] Taddei, E. B. , Henriques, V. A. R, Silva, C. R. M, Cairo, C. A. A., 2004, "Production of New Titanium Alloy for Orthopedic Implants", Materials Science & Engineering. C, Biomimetic Materials, Sensors and Systems, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 683-687.

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