Effects of sensorimotor training on pelvic stability and balance in runners

Freitas, Letícia Jonas de; Ignácio, Sharon Moreira; Bonfim, Thatia Regina

doi:10.1590/fm.2021.34125

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Fisioter. mov. 34 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fm.2021.34125 copy

Effects of sensorimotor training on pelvic stability and balance in runners

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction:

Running has increased significantly in recent years due to its benefits and practicality. However, like any sport, running poses a risk of injury, leading to the need for clinical intervention and even its practitioners quitting the sport. Therefore, preventive strategies seeking to minimize the occurrence and consequences of such risk factors in these athletes are pivotal.

Objective:

To investigate the preventive effects of a sensorimotor training protocol on the balance and pelvic stability of runners.

Methods:

The study sample consisted of fourteen 10-km runners of both genders divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the sensorimotor training group (SMTG). Both groups were evaluated using the single-leg stance test (static balance), Trendelenburg test (pelvic stability), and hop test (dynamic balance). The SMTG underwent 16 interventions, while the CG did not receive any intervention.

Results:

The SMTG showed a significant increase in the permanence time of the single-leg stance test (p < 0.05) and a reduction in knee valgus during impulse and landing moments of the single hop test only in the right lower limb (p < 0.05), while the CG showed no significant difference in all tests applied (p > 0.05). Regarding pelvic stability, there was no significant difference in any of the groups.

Conclusion:

The proposed protocol significantly improved the static balance of the SMTG, but not the pelvic stability.

Keywords:
Injuries in athletes; Prevention; Proprioception; Running

Session 1		Session 2
Proprioceptive disk	Double-leg stance, eyes open	Agility	Anterior and posterior displacement
	Double-leg stance, eyes closed		Anterior and posterior displacement + elastic strap
	Single-leg stance, eyes open		Multi-directional displacement (AP - ML - LM - PA)
	Single-leg stance, eyes closed		Multi-directional displacement + elastic strap
Balance board	Double-leg stance, AP direction,	Coordination	Anterior displacement between cones
	2 kg ball		Lateral displacement between cones
	Single-leg stance, AP direction,		Anterior displacement + lower limb elevation
	2 kg ball		Lateral displacement + lower limb elevation
	Double-leg stance, ML direction,	Landing (Bosu)	Single-leg jumping
	2 kg ball		Double-leg jumping
	Single-leg stance, ML direction,		Running and double-leg landing
	2 kg ball		Running and single-leg landing

	CG (n = 7)	SMTG (n = 7)
Time practicing the sport	n (%)	n (%)
1-3 years	1 (14.3)	4 (57.1)
3-5 years	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)
5-8 years	2 (28.6)	0 (0.0)
8-10 years	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)
>10 years	1 (14.3)	2 (28.6)
History of injury	5 (71.4)	6 (85.7)
Absence due to injury	4 (57.1)	6 (85.7)
Absent and undergoing physiotherapeutic treatment	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)
Improvement after physiotherapeutic treatment	4 (57.1)	6 (85.7)

Static balance (single-leg stance test) - in seconds
	RLL						LLL
	Initial evaluation		Final evaluation		p value		Initial evaluation		Final evaluation		pvalue
SMTG	10.9 (± 6.1)		28.9 (± 2.0)		0.001‡*		15.7 (± 10.9)		25.3 (± 6.1)		0.012‡*
CG	12.6 (± 8.7)		19.9 (± 11.1)		0.026‡*		15.4 (± 10.3)		13.1 (± 6.2)		0.798‡*
p-value	0.728†		0.050†*				0.700†		0.019†*
Pelvic stability (Trendelenburg test) - in degrees
	RLL						LLL
	Initial evaluation		Final evaluation		p value		Initial evaluation		Final evaluation		p-value
SMTG	176 (± 1.6)		177 (± 1.4)		0.012‡*		174 (± 3.1)		176 (± 2.1)		0.015‡*
CG	177 (± 1.7)		176 (± 1.9)		0.094‡		175 (± 2.9)		174 (± 3.6)		0.038‡*
p-value	0.301†		0.383†				0.049†*		0.102†
Dynamic balance (Single hop test) - in degrees
	RLL						LLL
	M1 - Impulsion			M2 - Landing			M1 - Impulsion			M2 - Landing
	IE	FE	p-value	IE	FE	p-value	IE	FE	p-value	IE	FE	p-value
SMTG	161 (± 12.2)	172 (± 2.8)	0.036‡*	169 (± 5.5)	176 (± 1.8)	0.050‡*	166 (± 5.3)	171 (± 7.2)	0.047‡*	169 (± 5,9)	174 (± 4.5)	0.050‡*
CG	169 (± 8.3)	164 (± 10.4)	0.167‡	173 (± 2.8)	170 (± 4.3)	0.122‡	166 (± 9.2)	164 (± 10.6)	0.314‡	172 (± 1,9)	169 (± 6.1)	0.139‡
p-value	0.223†	0.093†					1.000†	0.119†		0.334†	0.168†

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[1] * Correspondence: leticiajfreitas@hotmail.com