Evaluation of an anti-bullying intervention in the school context

A longitudinal, quasi-experimental design was used, with pre-test and immediate post-test evaluations. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Cartoon Test, KIDSCREEN-52, and Social Support Appraisals were used. The intervention had four editions and consisted of eight weekly meetings, amounting to 16 hours. A total of 69 adolescents (12-17 years) participated in the study, 40 of which were allocated to the Experimental Group and 29 to the Control Group.

Results:

After the intervention, the Experimental Group demonstrated improvements in the adolescents’ perception of bullying, quality of life, and social support. The intergroup analysis indicated a better perception of bullying for the Experimental Group.

Conclusion:

From the data, it can be concluded that the intervention demonstrated its effectiveness and has the potential to be replicated in the school context.

Keywords
Adolescence; Bullying; Prevention

DVs		Experimental Group (n = 40)					Control Group (n = 29)
DVs		T1: M (SD)	T2: M (SD)	t	p	d	T1: M (SD)	T2: M (SD)	t	p	d
CT		29.40 (5.48)	31.68 (2.61)	-2.727	0.010^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.53	28.72 (7.41)	29.38 (7.31)	-1.127	0.269^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.
	CT1	00.30 (0.46)	00.05 (0.22)	3.606	0.001^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.09	00.44 (0.50)	0.44 (0.50)	-	-
	CT2	04.07 (1.28)	4.67 (0.61)	-2.926	0.006^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.59	03.55 (1.82)	3.89 (1.65)	-1.778	0.086
	CT3	6.60 (0.77)	6.60 (0.81)	0.000	1.000^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		06.82 (0.38)	6.86 (0.35)	-0.441	0.663^* * p < 0.05;
	CT4	3.72 (1.55)	4.20 (1.28)	-1.895	0.065^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		03.51 (1.90)	3.62 (2.00)	-0.593	0.558^* * p < 0.05;
	CT5	01.80 (0.56)	1.97 (0.15)	-2.014	0.051^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		01.86 (0.51)	1.89 (0.30)	-0.571	0.573^* * p < 0.05;
	CT6	3.67 (0.72)	3.92 (0.26)	-1.955	0.058^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		03.55 (0.90)	03.65 (0.66)	-0.902	0.375^* * p < 0.05;
	CT7	08.82 (2.35)	10.07 (1.40)	-3.273	0.002^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.64	08.48 (2.86)	8.44 (3.14)	0.112	0.912^* * p < 0.05;
	CT8	00.40 (0.67)	0.17 (0.44)	2.040	0.048^* * p < 0.05;	0.40	00.48 (0.57)	0.55 (0.73)	-0.571	0.573^* * p < 0.05;
QOL		174.55 (24.01)	179.73 (30.48)	-1.878	0.068^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		180.97 (33.82)	180.41 (29.91)	0.188	0.852^* * p < 0.05;
	QL1	14.35 (3.07)	15.48 (3.78)	-3.035	0.004^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.32	15.31 (3.60)	15.48 (3.97)	-0.427	0.672^* * p < 0.05;
	QL2	20.78 (4.88)	20.68 (5.20)	0.173	0.864^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		20.83 (5.59)	20.45 (5.12)	0.634	0.531^* * p < 0.05;
	QL3	19.93 (5.95)	21.30 (6.26)	-1.868	0.069^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		22.28 (5.59)	21.69 (6.53)	0.834	0.411^* * p < 0.05;
	QL4	15.50 (4.01)	17.13 (4.03)	-3.405	0.002^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.40	18.90 (3.75)	18.31 (3.98)	1.518	0.140^* * p < 0.05;
	QL5	17.25 (4.24)	16.98 (4.48)	0.383	0.704^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		16.66 (5.10)	17.10 (4.28)	-0.746	0.462^* * p < 0.05;
	QL6	19.73 (4.30)	18.78 (5.51)	1.450	0.155^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		20.62 (6.51)	19.76 (6.00)	2.286	0.030^* * p < 0.05;	0.13
	QL7	9.38 (2.74)	8.95 (2.97)	0.942	0.352^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		9.31 (3.21)	9.52 (2.95)	-0.497	0.623^* * p < 0.05;
	QL8	23.00 (3.78)	23.45 (4.58)	-0.755	0.455^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		21.62 (5.17)	21.83 (4.84)	-0.255	0.800^* * p < 0.05;
	QL9	22.50 (3.58)	23.78 (3.19)	-3.185	0.003^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.37	22.93 (4.82)	22.90 (4.72)	0.051	0.960^* * p < 0.05;
QL10		12.15 (2.24)	13.23 (2.04)	-2.759	0.009^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.50	12.52 (2.35)	13.38 (2.27)	-2.463	0.020^* * p < 0.05;	0.37
	SS	130.30 (21.91)	134.60 (23.19)	-1.908	0.064^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		130.59 (22.77)	130.83 (22.17)	-0.121	0.905
	SS1	33.22 (6.33)	33.55 (6.44)	-0.434	0.667^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		32.24 (6.71)	32.79 (6.01)	-0.555	0.58^* * p < 0.05;
	SS2	35.60 (8.32)	35.42 (8.44)	0.221	0.826^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.		37.24 (8.23)	35.62 (8.21)	2.137	0.041^* * p < 0.05;	0.19
	SS3	30.50 (4.69)	32.25 (5.16)	-2.814	0.008^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.35	29.55 (6.64)	30.00 (6.78)	0.663	0.513^* * p < 0.05;
	SS4	30.97 (7.88)	33.40 (8.16)	-2.584	0.014^ p < 0.01. t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.30	31.55 (7.46)	32.41 (7.11)	-1.329	0.194^* * p < 0.05;

DVs		Experimental Group (n = 40)	Control Group (n = 29)	t	p	d
DVs		T2: M (SD)	T2: M (SD)	t	p	d
CT		31.68 (2.61)	29.38 (7.31)	-1.834	0.071
	CT1	0.05 (0.22)	0.44 (0.50)	4.438	-
	CT2	4.67 (0.61)	3.89 (1.65)	-2.732	0.008^ p < 0.01 t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.62
	CT3	6.60 (0.81)	6.86 (0.35)	1.632	0.107
	CT4	4.20 (1.28)	3.62 (2.00)	-1.460	0.149
	CT5	1.97 (0.15)	1.89 (0.30)	-1.375	0.174
	CT6	3.92 (0.26)	3.65 (0.66)	-2.060	0.043^* * p < 0.05;	0.53
	CT7	10.07 (1.40)	8.44 (3.14)	-2.902	0.005^ p < 0.01 t: t test for independent samples; d: Cohen’s d.	0.67
	CT8	0.17 (0.44)	0.55 (0.73)	2.639	0.010^* * p < 0.05;	0.63
QOL		179.73 (30.48)	180.41 (29.91)	0.093	0.926
	QL1	15.48 (3.78)	15.48 (3.97)	0.008	0.993
	QL2	20.68 (5.20)	20.45 (5.12)	-0.180	0.858
	QL3	21.30 (6.26)	21.69 (6.53)	0.250	0.803
	QL4	17.13 (4.03)	18.31 (3.98)	1.211	0.230
	QL5	16.98 (4.48)	17.10 (4.28)	0.120	0.905
	QL6	18.78 (5.51)	19.76 (6.00)	0.705	0.483
	QL7	8.95 (2.97)	9.52 (2.95)	0.784	0.436
	QL8	23.45 (4.58)	21.83 (4.84)	-1.417	0.161
	QL9	23.78 (3.19)	22.90 (4.72)	-0.922	0.360
	QL10	13.23 (2.04)	13.38 (2.27)	0.295	0.769
SS		134.60 (23.19)	130.83 (22.17)	-0.679	0.499
	SS1	33.55 (6.44)	32.79 (6.01)	-0.495	0.622
	SS2	35.42 (8.44)	35.62 (8.21)	0.096	0.924
	SS3	32.25 (5.16)	30.00 (6.78)	-1.565	0.122
	SS4	33.40 (8.16)	32.41 (7.11)	-0.522	0.603

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: G. FERNANDES. E-mail: graziellifernandes@gmail.com.