School context in the transition from the early years to the final years of Elementary Education

Cassoni, Cynthia; Marturano, Edna Maria; Fontaine, Anne Marie; Leme, Vanessa Barbosa Romera

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202037e190049

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PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT • Estud. psicol. (Campinas) 37 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e190049 copy

School context in the transition from the early years to the final years of Elementary Education

Contexto escolar na transição dos anos iniciais para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The transition between the two cycles of Elementary School is a process with anticipations and expectations in the 5th as well as demands and adaptations in the 6th year. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the transition taking into account the nature of the transition. A prospective study was carried out with two data collections (5th and 6th grade). A total of 379 public-school students (212 girls), with a mean age of 10.6 years (SD = 0.91), were enrolled at the beginning of the study. The instruments used were Brazil Test, Child Stress Scale, Social Skills Assessment System, Self-Concept Assessment Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children. When comparing the two grades, children who did not change schools showed more stability, especially in academic self-concept; those enrolled in municipal schools showed a greater decrease in self-concept and satisfaction with life. School change seems to increase the demands of transition.

Keywords:
Emotional adjustment; Psichological adaptation; Social adjustment

Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	Interaction effect
Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	F (2,376)	η ² _p
Portuguese	5	M	14.28^a	15.17^a	12.53^b	11.04***	0.05	0.59	0.00
		(SD)	(4.82)	(4.51)	(4.95)
	6	M	15.69^ab	17.40^a	14.26^b	12.22***	0.06
		(SD)	(5.40)	(4.06)	(5.65)
Math	5	M	16.29^ab	16.72^a	15.11^b	6.09**	0.03	0.37	0.00
		(SD)	(4.11)	(4.21)	(3.92)
	6	M	17.69^ab	18.37^a	16.97^b	4.17*	0.02
		(SD)	(4.62)	(3.62)	(3.98)
Overall academic achievement	5	M	30.57^a	31.89^a	27.70^b	10.49***	0.05	0.45	0.00
		(SD)	(8.34)	(7.58)	(7.91)
	6	M	33.39^ab	35.77^a	31.24^b	10.76***	0.05
		(SD)	(8.88)	(6.54)	(8.44)
Stress symptoms	5	M	1.10^ab	0.97^b	1.16^a	2.95*	0.01	2.87	0.01
		(SD)	(0.62)	(0.67)	(0.66)
	6	M	1.27	1.27	1.26	0.00	0.00
		(SD)	(0.76)	(0.77)	(0.70)
Responsability/cooperation	5	M	1.48^ab	1.59^a	1.46^b	3.44*	0.01	2.59	0.01
		(SD)	(0.42)	(0.35)	(0.39)
	6	M	1.40	1.35	1.32	0.70	0.00
		(SD)	(0.46)	(0.44)	(0.45)
Empathy	5	M	1.54^ab	1.62^a	1.46^b	5.80**	0.03	1.90	0.01
		(SD)	(0.36)	(0.36)	(0.39)
	6	M	1.46	1.44	1.38	1.28	0.00
		(SD)	(0.34)	(0.38)	(0.42)
Overall social skills	5	M	1.51^ab	1.60^a	1.46^b	6.76**	0.03	3.40*	0.01
		(SD)	(0.32)	(0.28)	(0.32)
	6	M	1.43^a	1.40^ab	1.36^b	1.42*	0.00
		(SD)	(0.31)	(0.32)	(0.34)
	F(1.376)		3.97*	33.35***	17.99***
	π		0.50	1.0	1.0

Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	Interaction effect
Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	F (2,376)	η ² _p
School in general	5	M	2.94^b	3.27^a	3.12^ab	5.91**	0.03	8.94***	0.04
		(SD)	(0.65)	(0.59)	(0.62)
	6	M	2.69^ab	2.69^b	2.90^a	4.03*	0.02
		(SD)	(0.75)	(0.69)	(0.69)
	F(1.376)		8.81**	65.21***	19.03***
	π		0.84	1.0	0.99
Portuguese/ verbal	5	M	2.84^b	3.19^a	3.09^a	6.72**	0.03	0.61	0.00
		(SD)	(0.60)	(0.63)	(0.67)
	6	M	2.66^b	3.02^a	3.00^a	6.81**	0.03
		(SD)	(0.74)	(0.75)	(0.72)
Math	5	M	3.03^b	3.35^a	3.21^ab	4.83**	0.02	16.76***	0.08
		(SD)	(0.70)	(0.60)	(0.67)
	6	M	3.13^a	2.78^b	2.93^ab	4.47*	0.02
		(SD)	(0.74)	(0.83)	(0.75)
	F(1.376)		1.31	56.58***	27.37***
	π		0.20	1.0	1.0
Physical appearance	5	M	3.37	3.39	3.40	0.04	0.00	2.68	0.01
		(SD)	(0.67)	(0.65)	(0.56)
	6	M	3.34	3.13	3.28	2.46	0.01
		(SD)	(0.57)	(0.76)	(0.68)
Physical Competence	5	M	3.15	3.15	3.12	0.10	0.00	0.11	0.00
		(SD)	(0.61)	(0.60)	(0.60)
	6	M	3.01	3.02	3.02	0.00	0.00
		(SD)	(0.61)	(0.65)	(0.71)
Relationship with parents	5	M	3.32^ab	3.53^a	3.28^b	6.02**	0.03	3.37*	0.01
		(SD)	(0.71)	(0.52)	(0.60)
	6	M	3.35	3.33	3.26	0.62	0.00
		(SD)	(0.65)	(0.65)	(0.70)
	F(1.376)		0.14	9.15**	0.11
	π		0.04	0.85	0.04
Relationship with friends	5	M	3.23	3.25	3.17	0.80	0.00	2.85	0.01
		(SD)	(0.50)	(0.58)	(0.57)
	6	M	3.19	3.05	3.12	1.36	0.00
		(SD)	(0.53)	(0.54)	(0.60)
Global	5	M	3.46	3.54	3.46	1.20	0.00	2.01	0.01
		(SD)	(0.47)	(0.43)	(0.44)
	6	M	3.42	3.38	3.42	0.33	0.00
		(SD)	(0.56)	(0.44)	(0.49)
Overall self-concept	5	M	3.15^b	3.32^a	3.22^ab	5.06**	0.02	8.06***	0.04
		(SD)	(0.36)	(0.37)	(0.35)
	6	M	3.08	3.04	3.10	0.85	0.00
		(SD)	(0.37)	(0.41)	(0.44)
	F(1.376)		2.14	51.23***	17.62***
	π		0,30	1.0	0.98

Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	Interaction effect
Variable			Trans1 (n = 75)	Trans2 (n = 100)	Trans3 (n = 204)	F (2,376)	η ² _p	F (2,376)	η ² _p
Family	5	M	4.42^ab	4.66^a	4.39^b	4.58*	0.02	1.82	0.01
		(SD)	(0.83)	(0.45)	(0.80)
	6	M	4.42	4.45	4.32	1.29	0.00
		(SD)	(0.60)	(0.66)	(0.74)
Friendship	5	M	4.19^ab	4.33^a	4.07^b	4.54*	0.02	1.36	0.00
		(SD)	(0.78)	(0.56)	(0.71)
	6	M	4.19	4.15	4.03	1.85	0.01
		(SD)	(0.63)	(0.61)	(0.74)
School	5	M	3.77^b	4.14^a	3.84^b	5.87**	0.03	5.58**	0.02
		(SD)	(0.86)	(0.62)	(0.88)
	6	M	3.51	3.48	3.52	0.06	0.00
		(SD)	(0.93)	(0.77)	(0.90)
	F(1.376)		6.19*	51.67***	24.95***
	π		0.696	1.0	0.999
Self	5	M	4.12	4.28	4.09	1.90	0.01	2.36	0.01
		(SD)	(0.87)	(0.63)	(0.83)
	6	M	4.12	3.99	3.98	0.93	0.00
		(SD)	(0.73)	(0.76)	(0.82)
Comparative self	5	M	2.28^b	2.45^ab	2.60^a	3.95*	0.02	1.66	0.00
		(SD)	(0.84)	(0.84)	(0.87)
	6	M	2.27	2.18	2.42	2.62	0.01
		(SD)	(0.76)	(0.96)	(0.85)
Overall life satisfaction	5	M	3.71^b	3.93^a	3.76^b	5.12**	0.02	5.09**	0.02
		(SD)	(0.57)	(0.32)	(0.52)
	6	M	3.66	3.61	3.62	0.31	0.00
		(SD)	(0.41)	(0.40)	(0.48)
	F(1.376)		0.62	30.79***	13.14***
	π		0.16	1.0	0.95

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: C. CASSONI. E-mail: cynthia.cassoni@gmail.com