Parental educational practices, emotional health and maternal sociodemographic variables: Nuclear and non-nuclear families

Nogueira, Sária Cristina; Rodrigues, Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim; Pereira, Veronica Aparecida

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202340e210011

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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RESEARCH REPORT | Development Psychology • Estud. psicol. 40 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e210011 copy

Parental educational practices, emotional health and maternal sociodemographic variables: Nuclear and non-nuclear families

Práticas educativas parentais, saúde emocional e variáveis sociodemográficas maternas: famílias nucleares e não nucleares

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

We compared parental educational practices and emotional health of 62 mothers of students from nuclear (G1) and non-nuclear families (G2).

Method

We used an inventory of parenting practices and scales for assessment of anxiety, stress and depression.

Results

G1 showed significantly higher means for Moral Behavior. Positive correlations between negative parenting educational practices and clinical indicators for maternal emotional health were perceived in both groups and more significantly for G2. Younger mothers in G1 indicated more signs of state anxiety and for G2 the lower socioeconomic level indicated more signs of stress and trait anxiety and less depression.

Conclusion

The data can contribute to the planning of interventions.

Keywords
Families; Maternal behavior; Mental health

Parental educational practices	G1			G2			p
Parental educational practices	M	SD	Min-Max	M	SD	Min-Max	p
Positive Practices	22.29	1.90	17-24	21.13	3.07	11-24	0.080
Positive Monitoring	11.03	1.40	7-12	10.58	1.79	4-12	0.270
Moral Behavior	11.26	0.89	9-12	10.55	1.61	7-12	0.370
Negative Practices	20.39	6.94	6-33	21.84	6.58	8-35	0.400
Inconsistent Punishment	4.06	2.2	0-8	3.71	2.23	0-9	0.360
Negligence	2.94	1.65	0-7	2.81	1.98	0-7	0.780
Relaxed Discipline	3.29	2.24	0-9	4.26	2.55	0-9	0.120
Negative Monitoring	8.35	2.28	3-12	9.84	2.18	9-12	1.000
Physical Abuse	1.174	1.53	0-6	2.71	1.87	0-7	0.290

Emotional indicators		Total sample (N = 62)		G1 (N = 31)		G2 (N = 31)		p
Emotional indicators		N	%	n	%	n	%	p
Stress
	Non-Clinical	34	54.8	23	74.2	11	35.5	0.002^ p < 0.01. Data obtained by the Chi-Square Test. p = significance value.
	Clinical	28	45.2	8	25.8	20	64.5
Trait-Anxiety
	Non-Clinical	38	61.3	20	64.5	18	58.1	0.602
	Clinical	24	38.7	11	35.5	13	41.9
State-Anxiety
	Non-Clinical	48	77.4	24	77.4	24	77.4	1.000
	Clinical	14	22.6	7	22.6	7	22.6
Depression
	Non-Clinical	50	80.6	27	87.1	23	74.2	0.199
	Clinical	12	19.4	4	12.9	8	25.8

Parental educational Practices		Stress			Trait-Anxiety			Depression
Parental educational Practices		Total sample	G1	G2	TS	G1	G2	TS	G1	G2
Positive Practices
	Moral Behavior									0.415^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Positive	-0.272^* * p < 0.05 significant,	-0.487^ p < 0.01 very significant.				0.357^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Monitoring
Negative Practices
	Inconsistent	0.476^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.448^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.368^ p < 0.01 very significant.			0.329^ p < 0.01 very significant.
	Punishment
	Relaxed	0.368^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.475^ p < 0.01 very significant.	0.392^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.389^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.376^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.381^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Discipline
	Negligence	0.362^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.409^ p < 0.01 very significant.				0.357^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.477^ p < 0.01 very significant.
	Physical Abuse	0.345^ p < 0.01 very significant.	0.391^* * p < 0.05 significant,					0.295^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.395^* * p < 0.05 significant,

Sociodemographic data		Emotional Health				Positive Practices	Negative Practices
Sociodemographic data		Stress	Trait-Anxiety	State-Anxiety	Depression	Moral Behavior	Inconsist. Punish.	Relaxed Discipline
Total Sample
	Maternal age					0.370^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Maternal schooling					0.255^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.281^* * p < 0.05 significant,	-0.391^ p < 0.01 very significant.
	Number of children	0.296^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.293^* * p < 0.05 significant,		0.265^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Socioeconomic Status	-0.294^* * p < 0.05 significant,	-0.332^* * p < 0.05 significant,
G1
	Maternal age			-0.492^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.363^* * p < 0.05 significant,
G2
	Maternal schooling							0.428^* * p < 0.05 significant,
	Number of children	0.501^* * p < 0.05 significant,	0.556^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.462^ p < 0.01 very significant.
	Socioeconomic Status	-0.366^* * p < 0.05 significant,	-0.552^ p < 0.01 very significant.		0.430^* * p < 0.05 significant,			-0.296^* * p < 0.05 significant,

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: S. C. NOGUEIRA. E-mail: sariacris@gmail.com.