The influence of social support and social skills on the academic performance of younger individuals and older adult college students

LEITE, Soniárlei Vieira; FRANÇA, Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho; LEITE, Shirley Bezerra Feitosa

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202138e190146

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SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. 38 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e190146 copy

The influence of social support and social skills on the academic performance of younger individuals and older adult college students

A influência do apoio social e das habilidades sociais no desempenho acadêmico dos universitários jovens e idosos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The ageing process has provoked a visible increase of older adult students in Brazilian universities. Several studies have been conducted on the development of this older adult student, but few have tested the influence of social skills and perceived social support on academic performance by comparing different age groups. The goal of this longitudinal study was to investigate the influence of social support and social skills on the academic performance of older adult college students compared to younger individuals. The sample was composed of 326 college students (200 younger individuals and 126 older adults), from 13 universities in the metropolitan area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Multiple hierarchical regression confirmed the predictive power of the social support (but not the social skills) over academic performance. The evolution of academic performance (performance coefficient) was observed for two years. New studies with larger samples in other regional contexts are recommended.

Keywords
Academic achievement; Ageing; Social skills; Social support

Variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1. Total Social Support	4.03	0.57	-
2. Material Support	3.76	0.75	0.63^ p < 0.01;	-
3. Affective Support	4.44	0.65	0.76^ p < 0.01;	0.43^ p < 0.01;	-
4. Emotional Support	3.90	0.82	0.85^ p < 0.01;	0.39^ p < 0.01;	0.61^ p < 0.01;	-
5. Informational Support	3.91	0.77	0.81^ p < 0.01;	0.30^ p < 0.01;	0.44^ p < 0.01;	0.74^ p < 0.01;	-
6. Positive Social Interaction	4.23	0.74	0.76^ p < 0.01;	0.31^ p < 0.01;	0.58^ p < 0.01;	0.47^ p < 0.01;	0.55^ p < 0.01;	-
7. Social Skills	3.20	0.50	0.01	0.01	0.12^* * p < 0.05;	-0.08	-0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.17^ p < 0.01;	-
8. Performance Coefficient 1	6.67	1.20	-0.1	0.03	-0.06	-0.07	-0.14^* * p < 0.05;	-0.12^* * p < 0.05;	-0.04	-
9. Performance Coefficient 2	7.07	1.07	-0.04	0.03	-0.03	-0.04	-0.08	-0.05	0.01	0.79^ p < 0.01;	-
10. Performance Coefficient 3	7.02	1.00	-0.03	0.01	0.01	0	-0.05	-0.06	-0.07	0.68^ p < 0.01;	0.74^ p < 0.01;	-
11. Academic Performance	6.92	0.99	-0.06	0.03	-0.03	-0.04	-0.1	-0.09	-0.02	0.92^ p < 0.01;	0.93^ p < 0.01;	0.88^ p < 0.01;	-

Variables	β	Standard Error	β	t	p
Material	-0.141	0.055	-1.88	-2.564	0.010^** p < 0.01;
Affective	-0.105	0.090	-1.08	-1.171	0.243
Emotional	-0.121	0.080	-1.70	-1.520	0.130
Informational	-0.175	0.080	-2.33	-2.174	0.031^* p < 0.05;
Positive social interaction	-0.137	0.066	-1.68	-2.087	0.038^* p < 0.05;
Social skills	-0.096	0.079	-0.68	-1.217	0.225

Variables	β	Standard Error	β	t	p
Material	-0.122	0.076	-1.66	-1.605	0.015^* * p < 0.05;
Affective	-0.100	0.095	-1.02	-1.052	0.137
Emotional	-0.171	0.080	-1.40	-2.138	0.110
Informational	-0.126	0.060	-2.12	-2.100	0.085
Positive social interaction	-0.156	0.076	-1.24	-2.053	0.135
Social skills	-0.085	0.079	-0.38	-1.076	0.184

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: L.H.F.P. FRANÇA. E-mail: lucia.franca@gmail.com.