Association between somatotropic axis gene polymorphisms and reproductive efficiency of bovine females: a review

Author contributions

Conceptualization: G. S. Cruz; Formal analysis: R. M. S. Correa, L. L. Emerick, E. F. Castilho and M. D. N. Rodrigues; Investigation: G. S. Cruz, L. L. Emerick, D. B. Macedo and E. F. Castilho; Methodology: G. S. Cruz and D. B. Macedo; Project management: M. D. N. Rodrigues; Supervision: M. D. N. Rodrigues; Writing: G. S. Cruz, R. M. S. Correa and D. B. Macedo.

SNP	Polymorphic Region	Subspecies	Heifer / Cow	Evaluated characteristic	Effect of association of the SNP with the evaluated characteristic	Reference
GHR/AluI	Regulatory region	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/pregnancy; CI; CCI	Maintained	Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )
GHR/AluI	Regulatory region	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/pregnancy	Decreased	Schneider et al.(²⁴24 Schneider A, Corrêa MN, Butler WR. Association between growth hormone receptor AluI polymorphism and fertility of Holstein cows. Theriogenology. 2013;80(9):1061-1066. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/612321 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/61232... )
GHR rs41 639262	Unspecific	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CCI	Decreased	Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )
GHR1.1	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR2.6	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR4.1	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR4.2	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR6.1	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR9.1	Non-coding region 5′	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
AF126288: g.149	1st exon promoter	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
GHR19.1	Intron 2-3	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
F279Y	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
N528T	Exon 10	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
A536T	Exon 10	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
H545	Exon 10	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
S555G	Exon 10	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )
g.914T>A	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )
g.257A>G	Exon 10 promoter	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CI	Decreased	Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )

SNP	Polymorphic Region	Subspecies	Heifer/ Cow	Evaluated characteristic	Effect of the association of the SNP with the trait evaluated	Reference
IGF-I/SnaBI	Exon 1	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/ pregnancy; CI; CCI	Maintained	Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )
IGF-I/SnaBI	Promoter Region	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/ pregnancy; CCI	Decreased	Silveira et al. (²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )
Transição T→ C	Exon 4-5	Bos taurus taurus	Heifer	Nº services/ pregnancy; AFC; CI	Maintained	Abdolmohammadi et al. (³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )
IGF-I_rs109763947	Unspecific	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/ pregnancy	Decreased	Leyva-Corona et al. (²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )
IGF-I/SnaBI	Promoter Region	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	CCI	Maintained	Nicolini et al. (³¹31 Nicolini P, Carriquiry M, Meikle A. A polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene is associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2013;55(1):11. Published 2013 Feb 14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757... )

SNP	Polymorphic Region	Subspecies	Heifer/ Cow	Evaluated characteristic	Effect of the association of the SNP with the trait evaluated	Reference
STAT5A/ BstEII	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/pregnancy; CI; CCI	Maintained	Hax et al. (²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )
STAT5A/ BstEII	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/pregnancy; CCI	Decreased	Silveira et al. (²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )
SNP12195	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Heifer	Nº services/pregnancy; AFC; CCI	Maintained	Oikonomou et al. (³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )
SNP12195	Exon 8	Bos taurus taurus	Cow	Nº services/pregnancy; CCI	Maintained	Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )

Author/Year	SNP	CCI/days
Author/Year		AI	ET	Effect of the association of the SNP with the trait evaluated
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	111	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	105	-	Maintained
Haxet al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	112	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	132	232	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	118	231	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	133	235	Maintained
Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )	GHR_rs41639262	133	-	Decreased
Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )	GHR_rs41639262	133	-	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	109	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	109	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	112	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	131	235	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	151	221	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	130	239	Maintained
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	78	-	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	97	-	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	109	-	Decreased
Nicolini et al.(³¹31 Nicolini P, Carriquiry M, Meikle A. A polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene is associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2013;55(1):11. Published 2013 Feb 14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	91	-	Maintained
Nicolini et al. (³¹31 Nicolini P, Carriquiry M, Meikle A. A polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene is associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2013;55(1):11. Published 2013 Feb 14. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23409757... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	92	-	Maintained
Nicolini et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	87	-	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	113	-	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	111	-	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	108	-	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	138	239	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	141	238	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	122	228	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	94	-	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	102	-	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	101	-	Decreased
Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	67	-	Maintained
Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	69	-	Maintained
Michel-Regalado et al. (³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	74	-	Maintained

Author/Year	SNP	AFC/days
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	895,4
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	889,3
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	895,4
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	889,3
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	820
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	-
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	820

Author/Year	SNP	CI/days	Effect of the association of the SNP with the evaluated characteristic
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/Alul	0,65	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/Alul	0,69	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/Alul	0,64	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR1.1	0,4	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR1.1	0,4	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR2.6	0,24	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR2.6	0,24	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR4.1	0,19	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR4.1	0,19	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR4.2	0,31	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR4.2	0,31	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR6.1	0,16	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR6.1	0,16	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR9.1	0,42	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR9.1	0,42	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	AF126288:g.149	0,13	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	AF126288:g.149	0,13	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR19.1	0,03	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	GHR19.1	0,03	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	F279Y	0,89	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	F279Y	0,89	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	N528T	0,46	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	N528T	0,46	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	A536T	1,06	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	A536T	1,06	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	H545	0,78	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	H545	0,78	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	S555G	0,54	Maintained
Waters et al.(²⁷27 Waters SM, McCabe MS, Howard DJ, Giblin L, Magee DA, MacHugh DE, Berry DP. Associations between newly discovered polymorphisms in the Bos taurus growth hormone receptor gene and performance traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Genetics. 2011;42(1):39-49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528848... )	S555G	0,54	Maintained
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.914T>A	14,3	Decreased
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.914T>A	14,5	Decreased
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.914T>A	13,6	Decreased
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.257A>G	14,1	Decreased
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.257A>G	12,7	Decreased
Fedota et al.(²⁸28 Fedota OM, Lysenko NG, Ruban SYu, Kolisnyk OI, Goraychuk IV. The effects of polymorphisms in growth hormone and growth hormone receptor genes on production and reproduction traits in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758). Cytology and Genetics. 2017;51(5):352-360. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S0095452717050024 https://link.springer.com/article/10.310... )	g.257A>G	14,7	Decreased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaB1	66,9	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaB1	65,7	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaB1	64,8	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	64	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	71	Maintained
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	64	Maintained

Author/Year	SNP	Nº Services/ Pregnancy	Association
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	2,14	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	2	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	2,25	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	2,51	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	GHR/AluI	2,3	Increased
Schneider et al.(²⁴24 Schneider A, Corrêa MN, Butler WR. Association between growth hormone receptor AluI polymorphism and fertility of Holstein cows. Theriogenology. 2013;80(9):1061-1066. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/612321 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/61232... )	GHR/AluI	2,75	Increased
Schneider et al.(²⁴24 Schneider A, Corrêa MN, Butler WR. Association between growth hormone receptor AluI polymorphism and fertility of Holstein cows. Theriogenology. 2013;80(9):1061-1066. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/612321 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/61232... )	GHR/AluI	3,4	Increased
Schneider et al.(²⁴24 Schneider A, Corrêa MN, Butler WR. Association between growth hormone receptor AluI polymorphism and fertility of Holstein cows. Theriogenology. 2013;80(9):1061-1066. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/612321 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/61232... )	GHR/AluI	2,3	Increased
Schneider et al.(²⁴24 Schneider A, Corrêa MN, Butler WR. Association between growth hormone receptor AluI polymorphism and fertility of Holstein cows. Theriogenology. 2013;80(9):1061-1066. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/612321 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/61232... )	GHR/AluI	2,4	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,22	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,25	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,13	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	3,3	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	3,3	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,5	Increased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	1,4	Decreased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,7	Increased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	IGF-I/SnaBI	2,8	Increased
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	1,49	Decreased
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	1,35	Decreased
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	3,11	Increased
Abdolmohammadi; Zamani(³⁰30 Abdolmohammadi A, Zamani P. SNP exploring in the middle and terminal regions of the IGF-1 gene and association with production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Gene. 2014;25;540(1):92-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530703... )	Transition T/C	2,82	Increased
Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )	IGF-I rs109763947	1,9	Increased
Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )	IGF-I rs109763947	0	-
Leyva-Corona et al.(²⁶26 Leyva-Corona JC, Reyna-Granados JR, Zamorano-Algandar R, Sanchez-Castro MA, Thomas MG, EnnsRM, Speidel SE, Medrano JF, Rincon G, Luna-Nevarez P. Polymorphisms within the prolactin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 functional pathways associated with fertility traits in Holstein cows raised in a hot-humid climate. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;50, 1913–1920. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-018-1645-0#citeas https://link.springer.com/article/10.100... )	IGF-I rs109763947	1,9	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,16	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,24	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,18	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,7	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,8	Increased
Hax et al.(²⁵25 Hax LT, SchneiderA, Jacometo CB, Mattei, Silva TC, Farina G, Corrêa MN. Association between polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes and fertility of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2017;88:67-72. Available from: https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5252267 https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/52522... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,4	Increased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,6	Increased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,6	Increased
Silveira et al.(²⁹29 Silva Silveira PA, Butler WR, da Silva TC, Barros CC, Corrêa MN, SchneiderA.Association of polymorphisms in the IGF-I, GHR and STAT5A genes with serum IGF-I concentration and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. Animal reproduction science. 2019;211:106206. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785637... )	STAT5A/BstEII	2,5	Increased
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	0	-
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	0	-
Oikonomou et al.(³²32 Oikonomou G, Michailidis G, Kougioumtzis A, Avdi M, Banos G. Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows. Research in Veterinary Science. 2011;91(2):235-239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310447... )	SNP12195	0	-
Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	3,1	Increased
Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	2,8	Increased
Michel-Regalado et al.(³³33 Michel-Regalado NG, Ayala-Valdovinos MÁ, Galindo-Garcia J, Duifhuis-Rivera T, Sánchez-Chiprés DR, Valencia-Posadas M. Effect of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms on reproductive performance in a Holstein cow herd in Mexico. Animal Reproduction. 2020;17(3): e20200039. Available from: https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0039 https://www.animal-reproduction.org/arti... )	SNP12195	3,3	Increased

[1] *Correspondent: nunes.mdnunes@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Association between somatotropic axis gene polymorphisms and reproductive efficiency of bovine females: a review

Abstract