Variação da composição química de grãos de soja 'Santa-Rosa' durante o seu desenvolvimento

Silva, Maria Tereza R. da; Moraes, Roberto M. de; Teixeira, João Paulo F.; Mascarenhas, Hipólito A. A.

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051981000100002

Resumos

Estudou-se a dinâmica de acúmulo de carboidratos, nitrogênio total, óleo, ácidos graxos e matéria seca em sementes de soja durante o seu desenvolvimento. Foram utilizadas vagens de plantas de soja cv' Santa-Rosa, plantadas em campo de aumento no Centro Experimental de Campinas, ano agrícola 1977/78. As sementes foram colhidas aos trinta dias após florescimento (DAF) e analisadas com intervalos de sete dias, desde essa idade até à maturação. Os resultados mostraram maior acúmulo de matéria seca, nitrogênio total e polissacarídeos totais no período de 37 a 65 DAP; de açúcares solúveis, entre 37 e 72 DAF; de polissacarídeos solúveis em água, entre 51 e 82 DAF, e de matéria graxa, entre 51 e 65 DAF. Verificou-se a influência positiva da temperatura e negativa da precipitação pluvial na taxa de acúmulo de matéria graxa dos grãos. Os ácidos graxos saturados, ao contrário dos insaturados, decresceram durante o desenvolvimento dos grãos.

A study was made on the accumulation of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, oil, fatty acids and dry matter in seeds of soybeans during development stage until maturity. The first sample was taken at 30 days after flowering of the cultivar Santa Rosa planted in a multiplication plot at the Experimental Station in Campinas. Subsequent sampling was done at intervals of seven days until maturity. The results showed that the greater part of the dry matter, total nitrogen and total polysaccharides accumulate during the interval between 37 and 65 days after flowering (DAF) and small increases thereafter. During the above mentioned interval the accumulation in the seed was: dry matter 3.92 to 71.40 mg, total nitrogen 0.32 to 7.39 mg and polysaccharides 0.73 to 14.25 mg. During the interval of 37 to 72 DAF there was greater accumulation of soluble sugars which varied from 0.33 to 19.95 mg/dry matter per seed whereas soluble polysaccharides in water accumulated during 51 and 82 DAF which varied from 0.52 to 2.16 mg/dry matter per seed. Most of the fatty acid accumulation took place during 51 and 65 DAF and varied from 4.3 to 15.6 mg/dry matter per seed. It was observed that the rate of the seed oil accumulation decreased during the rainny period and increased during the higher temperatures period. The accumulation of linoleic acid correlated with oil. A decrease in the saturated fatty acid contrary to the unsaturated fatty acid was observed during the development stage of the seed.

ARTIGOS

Variação da composição química de grãos de soja 'Santa-Rosa' durante o seu desenvolvimento¹ 1 Trabalho apresentado na XXXII Reunião Anual da SB PC, de 6 a 12 de julho de 1980, Rio de Janeiro (RJ).

Variation in the chemical composition during the development of soybean seeds cv' Santa-Rosa

Maria Tereza R. da Silva^I; Roberto M. de Moraes^I; João Paulo F. Teixeira^I; Hipólito A. A. MascarenhasII, ² 2 Com bolsa de suplementaçao do CNPq.

^ISeção de Fitoquímioa, IAC

^IISeção de Leguminosas, Instituto Agronômico, IAC

RESUMO

Estudou-se a dinâmica de acúmulo de carboidratos, nitrogênio total, óleo, ácidos graxos e matéria seca em sementes de soja durante o seu desenvolvimento. Foram utilizadas vagens de plantas de soja cv' Santa-Rosa, plantadas em campo de aumento no Centro Experimental de Campinas, ano agrícola 1977/78. As sementes foram colhidas aos trinta dias após florescimento (DAF) e analisadas com intervalos de sete dias, desde essa idade até à maturação. Os resultados mostraram maior acúmulo de matéria seca, nitrogênio total e polissacarídeos totais no período de 37 a 65 DAP; de açúcares solúveis, entre 37 e 72 DAF; de polissacarídeos solúveis em água, entre 51 e 82 DAF, e de matéria graxa, entre 51 e 65 DAF. Verificou-se a influência positiva da temperatura e negativa da precipitação pluvial na taxa de acúmulo de matéria graxa dos grãos. Os ácidos graxos saturados, ao contrário dos insaturados, decresceram durante o desenvolvimento dos grãos.

SUMMARY

A study was made on the accumulation of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, oil, fatty acids and dry matter in seeds of soybeans during development stage until maturity. The first sample was taken at 30 days after flowering of the cultivar Santa Rosa planted in a multiplication plot at the Experimental Station in Campinas. Subsequent sampling was done at intervals of seven days until maturity. The results showed that the greater part of the dry matter, total nitrogen and total polysaccharides accumulate during the interval between 37 and 65 days after flowering (DAF) and small increases thereafter. During the above mentioned interval the accumulation in the seed was: dry matter 3.92 to 71.40 mg, total nitrogen 0.32 to 7.39 mg and polysaccharides 0.73 to 14.25 mg. During the interval of 37 to 72 DAF there was greater accumulation of soluble sugars which varied from 0.33 to 19.95 mg/dry matter per seed whereas soluble polysaccharides in water accumulated during 51 and 82 DAF which varied from 0.52 to 2.16 mg/dry matter per seed. Most of the fatty acid accumulation took place during 51 and 65 DAF and varied from 4.3 to 15.6 mg/dry matter per seed. It was observed that the rate of the seed oil accumulation decreased during the rainny period and increased during the higher temperatures period. The accumulation of linoleic acid correlated with oil. A decrease in the saturated fatty acid contrary to the unsaturated fatty acid was observed during the development stage of the seed.

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Recebido paia publicação a 20 de fevereiro de 1980.

1. ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTS (AOAC). Official methods of analysis, edited by W. Horwitz. 10.ed. Washington, 1965. 957p.
2. ASPINAL, G. O.; BEGBIE, R.; McKAY, J. E. Polysaccharide components of soybeans. Geral Science Today, 12:225-229, 1967.
3. BATAGLIA, O. C.; TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; FURLANI, A. M. C.; GALLO, J. R. Métodos de análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1978. 31p. (Circular, 87)
4. BILLS, R. F. & HOWELL, R. W. Biochemical and cytological changes in developing soybean cotyledons. Crop Science, 3:304-308, 1963.
5. DUBOIS, M.; GILLES, K. A.; HAMILTON, J. K.; REBERS, P. A.; SMITH, F. Colorimetric methods for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28:350-356, 1956.
6. HOWELL, E. W. & CARTTER, J. L. Physiological factors affecting composition of soybeans. I. Correlation of temperatures during certain portions of the pod filling stage with oil percentage in mature beans. Agronomy Journal, 45:526-528, 1953.
7. HYMOWITZ, T.; COLLINS, F. I.; PANCZNER, J.; WALKER, W. M. Relationship between the content of oil, protein and sugar in soybean seeds. Agronomy Journal, 64:613-616, 1972.
8. ^__________; WALKER, W. M.; COLLINS, F. I.; PANCZNER, J. Stability of sugar content in soybean strains. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 3:367-373, 1972.
9. INKPEN, J. A. & QUACKENBUSH, F. W. Desaturation of palmitate and stearate by cell-free fractions from soybean cotyledons. Lipids, 4:539-543, 1969.
10. OGREN, W. L. & RINNE, R. W. Photosyntesis and seed metabolism. In: CADWELL, B. E. et alii, eds. Soybeans: improvement, production and uses. Madison, Wis., Amer. Soc. of Agron., 1973. p.391-416.
11. ROEHN, J. N. & PRIVETT, O. S. Changes in the structure of soybeans triglycerides during maturation. Lipids, 5:353-358, 1970.
12. SHANNON, J. C. A procedure for the extraction and fraction of carbohidrates from imature Zea mays kernels. Lafayette, Indiana, Purdue Univ. Exp. Sta., 1968. (Res. Bull., 842)
13. SIMMONS, R. O. & QUACKENBUSH, F. W. Comparative rates of formation of fatty acids in the soybean seed during its development. Journal American Oil Chemists Society, 31:601-603, 1954.
14. TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; MASCARENHAS, H. A. A.; BATAGLIA, O. C. Efeito de cultivares, tipos de solo e práticas culturais sobre a composição química de sementes de soja (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill). In: SEMINÁRIO NACIONAL DE PESQUISA DE SOJA, 1., Londrina, PR, 1978. Anais. Londrina, EMBRAPA/ CNPSO, 1979. v.l. p. 11-16.
15. TRIEBOLD, H. O. & AURAND, L. W. Food composition and analysis. New York, Litton Educational Publishing, 1963. 497p.
16. YAZDI-SAMADI, B.; RINNE, R. W.; SEIF, R. D. Components of developing soybean seeds: oil, protein, sugars, starch, organic acids and aminoacids. Agronomy Journal, 69:481-486, 1977.

1

Trabalho apresentado na XXXII Reunião Anual da SB PC, de 6 a 12 de julho de 1980, Rio de Janeiro (RJ).

2

Com bolsa de suplementaçao do CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
21 Dez 2007
Data do Fascículo
1981

Histórico

Recebido
20 Fev 1980

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTS (AOAC). Official methods of analysis, edited by W. Horwitz. 10.ed. Washington, 1965. 957p.

[2] 2. ASPINAL, G. O.; BEGBIE, R.; McKAY, J. E. Polysaccharide components of soybeans. Geral Science Today, 12:225-229, 1967.

[3] 3. BATAGLIA, O. C.; TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; FURLANI, A. M. C.; GALLO, J. R. Métodos de análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1978. 31p. (Circular, 87)

[4] 4. BILLS, R. F. & HOWELL, R. W. Biochemical and cytological changes in developing soybean cotyledons. Crop Science, 3:304-308, 1963.

[5] 5. DUBOIS, M.; GILLES, K. A.; HAMILTON, J. K.; REBERS, P. A.; SMITH, F. Colorimetric methods for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28:350-356, 1956.

[6] 6. HOWELL, E. W. & CARTTER, J. L. Physiological factors affecting composition of soybeans. I. Correlation of temperatures during certain portions of the pod filling stage with oil percentage in mature beans. Agronomy Journal, 45:526-528, 1953.

[7] 7. HYMOWITZ, T.; COLLINS, F. I.; PANCZNER, J.; WALKER, W. M. Relationship between the content of oil, protein and sugar in soybean seeds. Agronomy Journal, 64:613-616, 1972.

[8] 8. ^__________; WALKER, W. M.; COLLINS, F. I.; PANCZNER, J. Stability of sugar content in soybean strains. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 3:367-373, 1972.

[9] 9. INKPEN, J. A. & QUACKENBUSH, F. W. Desaturation of palmitate and stearate by cell-free fractions from soybean cotyledons. Lipids, 4:539-543, 1969.

[10] 10. OGREN, W. L. & RINNE, R. W. Photosyntesis and seed metabolism. In: CADWELL, B. E. et alii, eds. Soybeans: improvement, production and uses. Madison, Wis., Amer. Soc. of Agron., 1973. p.391-416.

[11] 11. ROEHN, J. N. & PRIVETT, O. S. Changes in the structure of soybeans triglycerides during maturation. Lipids, 5:353-358, 1970.

[12] 12. SHANNON, J. C. A procedure for the extraction and fraction of carbohidrates from imature Zea mays kernels. Lafayette, Indiana, Purdue Univ. Exp. Sta., 1968. (Res. Bull., 842)

[13] 13. SIMMONS, R. O. & QUACKENBUSH, F. W. Comparative rates of formation of fatty acids in the soybean seed during its development. Journal American Oil Chemists Society, 31:601-603, 1954.

[14] 14. TEIXEIRA, J. P. F.; MASCARENHAS, H. A. A.; BATAGLIA, O. C. Efeito de cultivares, tipos de solo e práticas culturais sobre a composição química de sementes de soja (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill). In: SEMINÁRIO NACIONAL DE PESQUISA DE SOJA, 1., Londrina, PR, 1978. Anais. Londrina, EMBRAPA/ CNPSO, 1979. v.l. p. 11-16.

[15] 15. TRIEBOLD, H. O. & AURAND, L. W. Food composition and analysis. New York, Litton Educational Publishing, 1963. 497p.

[16] 16. YAZDI-SAMADI, B.; RINNE, R. W.; SEIF, R. D. Components of developing soybean seeds: oil, protein, sugars, starch, organic acids and aminoacids. Agronomy Journal, 69:481-486, 1977.

Brasil

Brasil

Variação da composição química de grãos de soja 'Santa-Rosa' durante o seu desenvolvimento

Variation in the chemical composition during the development of soybean seeds cv' Santa-Rosa

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico