Método para aplicação de escâner a <i>laser</i> terrestre ao estudo da estabilidade de taludes em rocha

Nagalli, André; Fiori, Alberto Pio; Nagalli, Bruno

doi:10.25249/0375-7536.20114115667

Resumo:

A utilização de técnicas de imageamento digital em geologia é uma tendência atual. O presente estudo buscou defnir um método para aplicação de escâner a laser terrestre no estudo da estabilidade de taludes em rocha. Trata-se de uma tecnologia de uso recente cujos resultados na área geotécnica são ainda iniciais. A área escolhida para aplicação do método é a mina Saivá, situada no município de Rio Branco do Sul, Estado do Paraná, uma jazida de calcário explorada para a fabricação de cimento. O método de análise envolveu levantamentos de campo expeditos, identifcação e medição de estruturas geológicas em imagem digital tridimensional, elaboração de diagramas estruturais e análise da estabilidade dos taludes. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a ferramenta mostra-se bastante vantajosa e precisa na medição de atitudes de planos de ruptura. A amplitude de variação das medidas de atitudes tomadas digitalmente é compatível com as observadas em campo e a possibilidade de se trabalhar simultaneamente grande quantidade de dados mostra-se um diferencial. Outra grande vantagem da técnica é a possibilidade de se obter parâmetros estruturais de áreas que em campo não se tem acesso direto, por questão de segurança ou fxação, por exemplo.

Palavras-chave:
Estabilidade de taludes; Maciço Rochoso; Escâner a laser

Abstract:

The use of digital imaging techniques in geology is a current trend. This study intends to point a method to investigate the slope stability in rock masses trough images obtained by a terrester laser scanning system. Its application to the geotechnical uses is relatively incipient. The frst stage of the study verifed the applicability of the technique and its limitations. The object of the study was the Saivá mine, located in the city of Rio Branco do Sul, Paraná State, a pertaining calcareous rock deposit for cement manufacture. The analysis method involved feld surveys, identifcation and measurement of geologic structures in three-dimensional digital image, elaboration of structural diagrams, classifcation of the rock mass, and analysis of the slope stability properly said. The results show that the tool may achieve accurate measurements of rupture plans, similar to the feld measurements. Another advantage is that the method permits to work with large number of information simultaneously. One of the great advantages of the method is the possibility of getting structural parameters of areas that in feld do not have direct access, for security or setting problems, for example.

Keywords:
Slope stability; Rock masses; Terrester laser scanning

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Referências

Abellán A., Vilaplan J.M., Martínez J. 2006. Application of a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner to a detailed rockfall study at Vall de Núria (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain). Engineering Geology, 88:136-148.
Armesto J., Ordóñez C., Alejano L., Arias P. 2009. Terrestrial laser scanning used to determine the geometry of a granite stability analysis purposes. Geomorphology, 106:271-277.
Barber D., Mills J., Voysey-Smith S. 2008. Geometric validation of a ground-based mobile laser scanning system. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 63:128-141.
Barnea S. & Filin S. 2008. Keypoint based autonomous registration of terrestrial laser point-clouds. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 63:19-35.
Beraldin J.A., Blais F., Boulanger P., Cournoyer L., Domey J., El-Hakim S.F., Godin G., Rioux M., Taylor J. 2000. Real World modelling through high resolution digital 3D imaging of objects and structures. ISPRS Journal of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing, 55:230-250.
Cote J., Widlowski J., Fournier R.A., Verstraete M.M. 2009. The structural and radiative consistency of three-dimensional tree reconstructions from terrestrial lidar. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 113:1067-1081.
Dalmolin Q. & Dos Santos D.R. 2004. Sistema lasercanning: conceitos e princípios de funcionamento 3ed. Curitiba, Departamento de Geomática, Ed. UFPR, 97 p.
Dunning S.A., Massey C.I., Rosser N.J. 2009. Structural and geomorphological features of landslides in the Bhutan Himalaya derived from Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Geomorphology, 103:17-29.
Entwistle J.A., Mccaffrey K.J.W., Abrahams P.W. 2009. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization: the application of terrestrial laser scanning in the investigation of historical Scottish farming townships. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36:860-866.
Fardin N., Stephansson O., Jing L. 2001. The scale dependence of rock joint surface roughness. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 38:659-669.
Fardin N., Feng Q., Stephansson O. 2004. Application of a new in situ 3D laser scanner to study the scale effect on the rock joint surface roughness. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 41:329-335.
Figueira E.G. 1999. Modelagem geoestatística da mina Saivá, Rio Branco do Sul, PR Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 125p.
Fiori A.P. 1990. Tectônica e estratigrafa do Grupo Açungui a norte de Curiiba Tese de livre-docência, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 261 p.
Fiori A.P. & Carmignani L. 2009. Fundamentos de mecânica dos solos e das rochas: aplicações na estabilidade de taludes. 2^a ed., Curitiba, Editora UFPR, 604 p.
Franceschi M., Teza G., Preto N., Pesci A., Galgaro A., Girardi S. 2009. Discrimination between marls and limestones using intensity data from terrestrial laser scanner. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 64:1-7.
Lato M., Diederichs M.S., Hutchinson D.J., Harrap R. 2009. Optimization of LIDAR scanning and processing for automated structural evaluation of discontinuities in rockmasses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 46:194-199.
Lerma J.L., Navarro S., Cabrelles M., Villaverde V. 2009. Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation: the Upper Palaeolithic Cave of Parpalló as a case study. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37:1-9.
Li J., Guo Y., Zhu J., Lin X., Xin Y., Duan K., Tang Q. 2007. Large depth-of-view portable three-dimensional laser scanner and its segmental calibration for robot vision. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 45:1077-1087.
Markland J.T. 1972. A useful technique for estimating the stability of rock slopes when the ridge wedge sliding type of failure is expected. Imperial College Rock Mechanics Research Report, 19:1-10.
Mezzomo E. 2007. Integração de modelos numéricos para caracterização do arcabouço geológico 3D na porção Centro-Leste da Bacia do Paraná Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 98 p.
Meunier P., Tack D., Ricci A., Bossi L., Angel H. 2000. Helmet accommodation analysis using 3D laser scanning. Applied Ergonomics, 31:361-369.
Nagalli A., Fiori A.P., Rostirolla S.P., Pierin A.R.H. 2008. Utilização de 3D laser scanner para aquisição de dados geológico-estruturais no desenvolvimento de modelo geomecânico - Estudo de caso da Mina Saivá, Paraná. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, 44, Curitiba, Anais, p. 675.
Paronuzzi P. & Serafni W. 2009. Stress state analysis of a collapsed overhanging rock slab: A case study. Engineering Geology, 108:65-75.
Pesci A., Massimo F., Conforti D., Loddo F. 2007. Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modeling of Vesuvio volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162:123-138.
Schueremans L. & Genechten B.V. 2009. The use of 3Dlaser scanning in assessing the safety of masonry vaults - A case study on the church of Saint Jacobs. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 47:329-335.
Staiger R. 2003. Terrestrial laser scanning - technology, systems and applications. In: FIG Regional Conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 2-5 December, Proc Disponível em: Disponível em: http://www.fg.net/pub/morocco/proceedings/TS12/TS12_3_staiger.pdf Acesso em 15 de setembro de 2009.
» http://www.fg.net/pub/morocco/proceedings/TS12/TS12_3_staiger.pdf
Sturzenegger M. & Stead D. 2009. Close-range terrestrial digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for discontinuity characterization on rock cuts. Engineering Geology, 106:163-182.
Turanboy A., Gökay M.K., Ülker E. 2008. An approach to geometrical modeling of slope curves and discontinuities. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 16:445-461.
Yoon J., Sagong M., Lee J.S., Lee K. 2009. Feature extraction of a concrete tunnel liner from 3D laser scanning data. NDT&E International, 42:97-105.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Mar 2011

Histórico

Recebido
18 Dez 2009
Aceito
05 Nov 2010

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

[1] Abellán A., Vilaplan J.M., Martínez J. 2006. Application of a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner to a detailed rockfall study at Vall de Núria (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain). Engineering Geology, 88:136-148.

[2] Armesto J., Ordóñez C., Alejano L., Arias P. 2009. Terrestrial laser scanning used to determine the geometry of a granite stability analysis purposes. Geomorphology, 106:271-277.

[3] Barber D., Mills J., Voysey-Smith S. 2008. Geometric validation of a ground-based mobile laser scanning system. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 63:128-141.

[4] Barnea S. & Filin S. 2008. Keypoint based autonomous registration of terrestrial laser point-clouds. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 63:19-35.

[5] Beraldin J.A., Blais F., Boulanger P., Cournoyer L., Domey J., El-Hakim S.F., Godin G., Rioux M., Taylor J. 2000. Real World modelling through high resolution digital 3D imaging of objects and structures. ISPRS Journal of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing, 55:230-250.

[6] Cote J., Widlowski J., Fournier R.A., Verstraete M.M. 2009. The structural and radiative consistency of three-dimensional tree reconstructions from terrestrial lidar. Remote Sensing of the Environment, 113:1067-1081.

[7] Dalmolin Q. & Dos Santos D.R. 2004. Sistema lasercanning: conceitos e princípios de funcionamento 3ed. Curitiba, Departamento de Geomática, Ed. UFPR, 97 p.

[8] Dunning S.A., Massey C.I., Rosser N.J. 2009. Structural and geomorphological features of landslides in the Bhutan Himalaya derived from Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Geomorphology, 103:17-29.

[9] Entwistle J.A., Mccaffrey K.J.W., Abrahams P.W. 2009. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization: the application of terrestrial laser scanning in the investigation of historical Scottish farming townships. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36:860-866.

[10] Fardin N., Stephansson O., Jing L. 2001. The scale dependence of rock joint surface roughness. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 38:659-669.

[11] Fardin N., Feng Q., Stephansson O. 2004. Application of a new in situ 3D laser scanner to study the scale effect on the rock joint surface roughness. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 41:329-335.

[12] Figueira E.G. 1999. Modelagem geoestatística da mina Saivá, Rio Branco do Sul, PR Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 125p.

[13] Fiori A.P. 1990. Tectônica e estratigrafa do Grupo Açungui a norte de Curiiba Tese de livre-docência, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 261 p.

[14] Fiori A.P. & Carmignani L. 2009. Fundamentos de mecânica dos solos e das rochas: aplicações na estabilidade de taludes. 2^a ed., Curitiba, Editora UFPR, 604 p.

[15] Franceschi M., Teza G., Preto N., Pesci A., Galgaro A., Girardi S. 2009. Discrimination between marls and limestones using intensity data from terrestrial laser scanner. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 64:1-7.

[16] Lato M., Diederichs M.S., Hutchinson D.J., Harrap R. 2009. Optimization of LIDAR scanning and processing for automated structural evaluation of discontinuities in rockmasses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 46:194-199.

[17] Lerma J.L., Navarro S., Cabrelles M., Villaverde V. 2009. Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation: the Upper Palaeolithic Cave of Parpalló as a case study. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37:1-9.

[18] Li J., Guo Y., Zhu J., Lin X., Xin Y., Duan K., Tang Q. 2007. Large depth-of-view portable three-dimensional laser scanner and its segmental calibration for robot vision. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 45:1077-1087.

[19] Markland J.T. 1972. A useful technique for estimating the stability of rock slopes when the ridge wedge sliding type of failure is expected. Imperial College Rock Mechanics Research Report, 19:1-10.

[20] Mezzomo E. 2007. Integração de modelos numéricos para caracterização do arcabouço geológico 3D na porção Centro-Leste da Bacia do Paraná Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 98 p.

[21] Meunier P., Tack D., Ricci A., Bossi L., Angel H. 2000. Helmet accommodation analysis using 3D laser scanning. Applied Ergonomics, 31:361-369.

[22] Nagalli A., Fiori A.P., Rostirolla S.P., Pierin A.R.H. 2008. Utilização de 3D laser scanner para aquisição de dados geológico-estruturais no desenvolvimento de modelo geomecânico - Estudo de caso da Mina Saivá, Paraná. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, 44, Curitiba, Anais, p. 675.

[23] Paronuzzi P. & Serafni W. 2009. Stress state analysis of a collapsed overhanging rock slab: A case study. Engineering Geology, 108:65-75.

[24] Pesci A., Massimo F., Conforti D., Loddo F. 2007. Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modeling of Vesuvio volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 162:123-138.

[25] Schueremans L. & Genechten B.V. 2009. The use of 3Dlaser scanning in assessing the safety of masonry vaults - A case study on the church of Saint Jacobs. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 47:329-335.

[26] Staiger R. 2003. Terrestrial laser scanning - technology, systems and applications. In: FIG Regional Conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 2-5 December, Proc Disponível em: Disponível em: http://www.fg.net/pub/morocco/proceedings/TS12/TS12_3_staiger.pdf Acesso em 15 de setembro de 2009.
» http://www.fg.net/pub/morocco/proceedings/TS12/TS12_3_staiger.pdf

[27] Sturzenegger M. & Stead D. 2009. Close-range terrestrial digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for discontinuity characterization on rock cuts. Engineering Geology, 106:163-182.

[28] Turanboy A., Gökay M.K., Ülker E. 2008. An approach to geometrical modeling of slope curves and discontinuities. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 16:445-461.

[29] Yoon J., Sagong M., Lee J.S., Lee K. 2009. Feature extraction of a concrete tunnel liner from 3D laser scanning data. NDT&E International, 42:97-105.

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