Assessing the growth of Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) (Linnaeus, 1758) in four salinities, under experimental conditions

Mardones, A.; Vega, R.; Encina, F.; Pichara, C.; González, K.; De los Rios, P.; Peña, B.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.226331

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 80 (4) • Oct-Dec 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.226331 copy

Assessing the growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) in four salinities, under experimental conditions

Avaliando o crescimento do Charr Ártico (Salvelinus alpinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) em quatro salinidades, sob condições experimentais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Studies in Salvelinus alpinus, Arctic charr, indicate that it has a low capacity to hyposmorregulatory or adaption to sea in winter periods in Arctic waters. The investigation finds to determinate the rank optimum of salinity to can cultivate this species at Chile. The weight adequate was determined to join on the sea by analysis of gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity, that it was found between the ranks 80-130 g, with 14.5 U/mg. It underwent evaluation of fish growth of 72 g salinities from 0 (control), 18, 25 and 33 g/L (sea water) for 94 days. The results indicate that the largest increases were obtained in brackish water. T18 g/L and T25 g/L achieved growth of 25% and 19% on day 94 and term sampling respectively. It is important to mention that the 8% that survived in seawater introduced percentages growth 16.6% equivalent to brackish water and control. These results suggest that Salvelinus alpinus can grow in seawater, with levels of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase similar to those submitted by Salmo salar with a weight not less than 80 g.

Keywords:
Salvelinus alpinus; anadromous; Na⁺; K⁺-ATPase activity; aquaculture; adaptation; hyposmorregulatory

Group	Length (cm)	Weight (g)	K	Features External	Specific Activity gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase (U/mg)
20	14.0 ± 1.0	23.5 ± 5.3	0.6 ± 0.2	NSS	9.6 ± 2.4
60	19.4 ± 0.5	60.0 ± 7.1	0.7 ± 0.1	NSS	12.6 ± 2.6
100	22.1 ± 0.8	95.5 ± 7.2	0.7 ± 0.1	NSS	14.5 ± 4.5
140	24.2 ± 2.3	137.7 ± 9	0.4 ± 0.4	SS	11.2 ± 5.7
180	26.7 ± 2.6	193.0 ± 37	0.7 ± 0.3	SS	8.7 ± 2.5

Group	Length	Weight	K ^a a Results obtained after 48 hours of admission to different salinities;	Features	Specific activity	Length	Weight	K^b	Features	Specific activity
A. charr	(cm)^a	(g)^a		External^a	gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase	(cm) ^b b Results obtained at the end of the study (at 94 days). NSS = Notorious spots to see; SS = Slight spots.	(g)^b		External^a	Gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase
A. charr	(cm)^a	(g)^a		External^a	(U/mg)^a		(g)^b		External^a	(U/mg)^b
Control (0)	20 ± 0.7	69.9 ± 3.11	0.87 ± 0.1	NSS	7.61 ± 1.96	23.4 ± 2.28	150.7 ± 52.6	1.13 ± 0.2	SS	11.79 ± 2.40
T 18	20.41 ± 0.74	69.9 ± 5.50	0.83 ± 0,0	NSS	9.70 ± 0.09	25.3 ± 1.87	189.1 ± 37.5	1.15 ± 0.08	Silver	9.31 ± 2.41
T 25	20.62 ± 0.54	69.09 ± 5.59	0.79 ± 0.05	NSS	5.96 ± 1.41	25.3 ± 2.2	189.2 ± 48.3	1.14 ± 0.05	Silver	11.04 ± 3.12
T 33	20.31 ± 0.72	63.63 ± 5.16	0.76 ± 0.04	NSS	5.40 ± 0.80	23 ± 1.39	128 ± 31.6	1.02 ± 0.13	Silver	13.75 ± 3.20

Group	Length	Weight	K	Features	Specific activity
A. charr	(cm)	(g)	K	External	Gill Na⁺. K⁺-ATPase (U/mg)
Control (0)	20.05 ± 0.45	64.4 ± 3.36	0.80 ± 0.06	NSS	09.24 ± 2.00
T18	20.34 ± 0.42	66.6 ± 12.97	0.79 ± 0.12	NSS	07.60 ± 1.43
T25	20.28 ± 0.63	72 ± 11.45	0.86 ± 0.07	NSS	10.16 ± 2.21

Media control	Period 0	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4
W	72.1 ± 6.5	73 ± 7.8	78.2 ± 15.8	91.4 ± 28.1	110.6 ± 42
L	20.5 ± 0.6	19.8 ± 0.7	20.1 ± 1.0	20.8 ± 1.3	22.1 ± 2.1
K	0.8 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2
SGR Control		0.1 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.4
GF3 Control		0.1 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.6
FCR economic		2.5 ± 2.8	1.4 ± 2.9	1.5 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 0.6
% weight		1.4 ± 0.9	6.8 ± 5.0	14.4 ± 6.8	17.4 ± 11.3
Media T 18
W	72.1 ± 6.5	80.2 ± 15.2	95.7 ± 30.1	120.6 ± 40.9	160.6 ± 55.2
L	20.5 ± 0.6	20.3 ± 0.9	20.8 ± 1.5	21.9 ± 2.0	24.1 ± 2.5
K	0.8 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1
SGR T 18		0.5 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.3
GF3 T 18		0.7 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.4
FCR economic		1.6 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.5
% weight		11.4 ± 3.3	19.4 ± 2.8	20.6 ± 2.4	24.9 ± 5.4
Average T 25
W	72.1 ± 6.5	83.3 ± 15.5	96.5 ± 28.6	119.9 ± 41.5	149.7 ± 55.3
L	20.5 ± 0.6	20.2 ± 0.9	21.1 ± 1.3	22.1 ± 1.9	22.5 ± 2.3
K	0.8 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2
SGR T 25		0.7 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.3
GF3 T 25		0.9 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 1.3
FCR economic		1.2 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1
% growth		15.7 ± 3.3	15.9 ± 1.3	19.5 ± 2.8	19.9 ± 4.6
Average T 33
W	72.1 ± 6.5	64.1 ± 8.2	66.9 ± 17.5	106.7 ± 24.3	128.0 ± 31.7
L	20.5 ± 0.6	19.0 ± 0.6	20.0 ± 0.9	21.9 ± 1.1	22.9 ± 1.4
K	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1
SGR T 33		-0.6 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.3	0.2	0.9
GF3 T 33		-0.7 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.4	0.3	1.1
FCR economic		-0.7 ± 0.2	-0.3 ± 0.1	1.7	2.1
% growth		-12.3 ± 4.3	-19.7 ± 6.8	4.4	16.6

Treatments	Glucose	Erythrocyte	Leucocyte	Erythrocyte
Treatments	mg/L	10⁶/mm³	10³/mm³	Immature	Mature
Control (H₂O FW)	793.7 ± 18.20	0.80 ± 0.49	08.47 ± 5.44	4.87 ± 3.33	95.13 ± 3.33
T18	90.39 ± 20.05	1.29 ± 0.31	13.86 ± 4.78	3.71 ± 3.33	96.29 ± 3.33
T25	85.36 ± 14.79	0.99 ± 0.18	06.93 ± 3.15	4.05 ± 3.15	95.95 ± 3.15
T33 (H₂O SW)	84.54 ± 15.90	0.69 ± 0.15	12.60 ± 5.02	4.98 ± 2.29	95.02 ± 2.29

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