Medições morfométricas e características de carcaça de Black Australorp, Naked Neck e Rhode Island Red crossbreds sob sistemas de produção alternativos

Usman, M.; Ishaq, H. M.; Mahmud, A.; Bughio, E.; Azhar, M.; Saleem, M. M.; Riaz, M. F.; Raza, H. A.; Hussain, M.; Latif, H. R. A.; Ahmad, S.

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Sumário

Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.252594 copiar

Medições morfométricas e características de carcaça de Black Australorp, Naked Neck e Rhode Island Red crossbreds sob sistemas de produção alternativos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O presente estudo explicou o efeito de sistemas alternativos de produção sobre o crescimento, características morfométricas e carcaças de quatro genótipos de frango diferentes. A segunda geração de dois genótipos RNN (Rhode Island Red × Naked Neck) e BNN (Black Australorp × Naked Neck) obtida por duas autocruzes (RNN × RNN = RR e B ANN × BNN = BB) e duas cruzes recíprocas (RNN × BNN = RB e BNN × RNN = BR) foi avaliada em três sistemas de produção alternativos (gaiolas convencionais, gaiolas enriquecidas e aviário). Na 6ª semana de idade após o sexo, um total de 600 aves, compostas por 150 de cada raça cruzada com um total de 300 pullets e 300 galos, foi dividido em gaiolas convencionais, gaiolas enriquecidas e sistemas aviários com 200 aves em cada. As aves foram organizadas em 3×4 arranjos fatoriais sob projeto completamente randomizado (3 sistemas de produção × 4 genótipos × 2 sexos × 25 aves = 600 aves). Em relação aos genótipos, os machos RB e BR apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça (p < 0,01), peso da baqueta, peso mamário e peso da coxa do que os genótipos BB e RR. As fêmeas do genótipo BR apresentaram maior (p < 0,01) peso mamário, peso da coxa e peso da baqueta. No que diz respeito aos sistemas de produção, maior (p < 0,01) peso hepático, peso cardíaco, peso mamário, peso intestinal, peso da baqueta e peso da coxa foram observados nos machos criados em gaiolas enriquecidas em comparação com gaiolas convencionais e sistema aviário. As fêmeas criadas em gaiolas enriquecidas apresentaram maior (p < 0,01) peso cardíaco, peso mamário, peso intestinal, peso da baqueta e peso da coxa quando comparadas com as criadas em gaiolas convencionais e aviárias. Conclui-se que as galinhas (ambos os sexos) dos genótipos BR e RB apresentaram melhores medidas morfológicas e traços de carcaça do que os de frangos genótipos RR e BB. Entre os sistemas de produção alternativos, as galinhas criadas em gaiolas enriquecidas tinham características melhores do que as criadas em gaiolas convencionais e aviárias durante a fase de cultivo.

Palavras-chave:
galinhas de raça cruzada; sistemas de produção alternativos; traços de carcaça; morfométrica; medidas

Specifications	Conventional cage (Separate for each sex)	Enriched cage (Separate for each sex)	Aviary (Straight run)
Dimensions (Length × Depth × Height) (cm)	60.9 × 76.2 × 60.9	91.4 × 91.4 × 91.4	304.8 × 304.8 × 304.8
Stocking Density	5 birds/ cage	5 birds/cage	50 birds / aviary
Floor space per bird (cm²)	931.9	1672	1858
Dimensions of Dust bathing Area (Length × width) (cm)	------------------------	55 × 25.3	137 × 137
Dust bathing Space/bird (cm²)	------------------------	276	376
Perches
Number	------------------------	1	2
Material	------------------------	Wooden	Wooden
Shape	------------------------	Round	Round
Diameter (cm)	------------------------	1.8	4.2
Length (cm)		121.9	304.8
Height from floor (cm)		45.7	91.4

Age (weeks)	Daily feed allowance (g)
7	24
8	28
9	30
10	30
11	34
12	36
13	38
14	38
15	40
16	42

Nutritive value	Grower (7-16 weeks)
CP (%)	14
ME (Kcal/Kg)	2850
Ca (%)	0.87
Av. P (%)	0.38
Lysine (%)	0.70
Methionine (%)	0.30
Na (%)	0.19
Feed Ingredient (%)
Corn	61.55
Soybean Meal	31.70
Soybean Oil	3.00
DCP	1.70
NaCl	0.30
Methionine	0.12
Total	100

Production system	Genotype	BW	BL	DC	DL	KL	SC	SL	WS
CC		1420.05±8.44^b	62.10±1.26	7.86±0.20^ab	11.36±0.16^ab	10.54±0.22	3.96±0.09	9.40±0.25	8.88±0.20^b
AV		1376.86±6.87^c	58.05±2.33	7.47±0.20^b	11.07±0.20^b	10.30±0.16	3.74±0.07	9.61±0.13	9.63±0.20^a
EC		1453.52±11.94^a	63.85±1.41	8.20±0.21^a	11.80±0.17^a	10.69±0.17	3.91±0.09	9.81±0.24	9.08±0.17^b
P-value		<0.0001	0.0599	0.0060	0.0064	0.2955	0.1699	0.3693	0.0187
	RB	1453.61±12.93^a	63.73±1.65	8.52±0.19^a	11.99±0.20^a	10.89±0.22^a	4.02±0.13	10.01±0.25^a	9.42±0.07^a
	RR	1398.93±8.74^b	60.33±1.15	7.42±0.21^b	11.12±0.07^b	10.21±0.16^b	3.78±0.09	9.29±0.24^b	9.07±0.28^ab
	BR	1447.64±11.80^a	62.53±2.82	8.41±0.17^a	11.72±0.19^a	10.89±0.20^a	3.95±0.10	9.91±0.24^ab	9.54±0.24^a
	BB	1367.02±8.00^c	58.73±0.23	7.04±0.18^b	10.81±0.25^b	10.04±0.20^b	3.72±0.04	9.21±0.20^b	8.75±0.24^b
P-value		<0.0001	0.2994	<.0001	<.0001	0.0047	0.1244	0.0389	0.0505
CC	RB	1424.77±15.63^bcd	60.00±1.64	8.57±0.21^abc	11.75±0.32^abc	10.94±0.59	3.95±0.30	9.78±0.69^ab	9.39±0.11^ab
CC	RR	1433.76±17.86^bc	59.80±1.15	7.45±0.28^def	11.12±0.08^bcd	10.20±0.29	4.03±0.17	8.92±0.58^b	8.15±0.40^c
CC	BR	1446.57±17.62^b	66.00±3.34	8.48±0.08^abc	11.69±0.34^bc	10.96±0.37	4.06±0.16	9.24±0.45^b	9.18±0.42^abc
CC	BB	1374.66±12.93^de	62.60±2.99	6.95±0.40^ef	10.88±0.42^cd	10.04±0.48	3.81±0.11	9.65±0.30^ab	8.82±0.44^bc
AV	RB	1392.81±13.04^cde	65.60±3.44	8.01±0.40^abcd	11.51±0.32^bc	10.64±0.23	3.88±0.14	9.64±0.20^ab	9.41±0.22^ab
AV	RR	1375.76±12.65^de	59.60±2.56	7.19±0.50^def	10.95±0.12^cd	10.03±0.33	3.62±0.12	9.70±0.32^ab	9.71±0.56^ab
AV	BR	1393.79±11.64^cde	57.40±6.91	7.91±0.33^bcde	11.46±0.31^bc	10.59±0.38	3.77±0.20	9.81±0.19^ab	10.09±0.50^a
AV	BB	1345.14±15.64^e	49.60±2.11	6.78±0.21^f	10.37±0.62^d	9.94±0.31	3.69±0.05	9.29±0.37^b	9.31±0.21^ab
EC	RB	1537.96±23.68^a	65.60±2.97	8.97±0.22^a	12.71±0.19^a	11.08±0.34	4.24±0.22	10.62±0.15^a	9.47±0.00^ab
EC	RR	1388.36±11.99^cde	61.60±2.33	7.62±0.38^cdef	11.29±0.16^bcd	10.40±0.28	3.70±0.15	9.26±0.29^b	9.37±0.21^ab
EC	BR	1502.57±23.51^a	64.20±3.81	8.85±0.29^ab	12.02±0.36^ab	11.12±0.34	4.03±0.20	10.69±0.37^a	9.37±0.26^ab
EC	BB	1380.61±12.27^de	64.00±2.70	7.37±0.29^def	11.18±0.14^bcd	10.14±0.32	3.67±0.06	8.69±0.31^b	8.13±0.43^c
p-value		<0.0001	0.0545	<.0001	0.0012	0.2005	0.3030	0.0184	0.0111

Production system	Genotype	BW	BL	DC	DL	KL	SC	SL	WS
CC		1081.89±14.53^b	56.70±1.31	7.17±0.22^ab	10.32±0.39	7.93±0.19^ab	3.28±0.08	8.09±0.22	7.85±0.25
AV		1041.55±8.09^c	54.80±1.60	6.76±0.21^b	10.06±0.26	7.62±0.14^b	3.13±0.14	8.30±0.22	8.23±0.32
EC		1120.70±16.71^a	57.90±1.29	7.60±0.21^a	10.63±0.21	8.18±0.18^a	3.15±0.13	8.01±0.25	8.02±0.12
P-value		0.0001	0.3128	0.013	0.3966	0.04	0.6282	0.6264	0.5775
	RB	1121.70±21.16^a	56.40±1.42	7.61±0.23^a	10.84±0.30	8.32±0.21^a	3.40±0.18	8.76±0.31^a	8.24±0.30
	RR	1046.76±8.67^b	55.53±1.03	6.94±0.28^ab	10.07±0.24	7.58±0.15^b	3.15±0.11	7.91±0.31^b	7.99±0.16
	BR	1130.35±19.32^a	57.80±2.21	7.50±0.16^a	10.69±0.52	8.26±0.19^a	3.22±0.12	8.20±0.17^ab	8.11±0.34
	BB	1028.44±7.05^b	56.13±1.74	6.64±0.25^b	9.74±0.16	7.48±0.18^b	2.98±0.13	7.67±0.17^b	7.79±0.31
P-value		<0.0001	0.7994	0.009	0.0850	0.001	0.2458	0.0274	0.7359
CC	RB	1144.02±39.14^ab	53.00±1.18	7.53±0.34	10.74±0.51	8.33±0.51^abc	3.45±0.14	8.49±0.54	7.76±0.42
CC	RR	1031.66±13.10^d	56.20±2.15	6.99±0.52	10.18±0.48	7.58±0.22^abcd	3.45±0.18	8.44±0.46	7.70±0.20
CC	BR	1128.25±33.60^abc	60.00±3.34	7.65±0.17	10.72±1.50	8.33±0.32^abc	3.17±0.12	7.99±0.32	8.42±0.56
CC	BB	1026.00±12.36^d	57.60±2.99	6.5±0.52	9.66±0.26	7.47±0.34^bcd	3.07±0.21	7.46±0.36	7.55±0.74
AV	RB	1040.37±16.48^d	58.00±3.14	7.19±0.38	10.44±0.74	8.09±0.15^abcd	3.34±0.49	9.17±0.26	9.29±0.56
AV	RR	1032.96±11.78^d	54.40±1.36	6.54±0.51	9.74±0.22	7.23±0.28^d	3.06±0.17	8.20±0.66	7.87±0.29
AV	BR	1064.56±22.28^cd	55.00±4.84	7.01±0.36	10.48±0.71	7.83±0.28^abcd	3.05±0.12	7.83±0.24	8.02±0.90
AV	BB	1028.65±12.43^d	51.80±2.92	6.29±0.39	9.57±0.28	7.31±0.24^cd	3.06±0.30	8.01±0.35	7.75±0.65
EC	RB	1174.33±41.60^a	58.20±2.37	8.12±0.46	11.33±0.28	8.53±0.37^ab	3.39±0.28	8.61±0.76	7.67±0.21
EC	RR	1077.03±18.34^bcd	56.00±2.07	7.30±0.50	10.29±0.53	7.93±0.24^abcd	2.94±0.19	7.09±0.37	8.40±0.29
EC	BR	1198.23±37.42^a	58.40±3.65	7.85±0.18	10.89±0.36	8.63±0.34^a	3.45±0.33	8.77±0.22	7.91±0.25
EC	BB	1030.66±12.46^d	59.00±2.70	7.14±0.38	9.99±0.35	7.66±0.42^abcd	2.83±0.21	7.56±0.10	8.08±0.14
p-value		<0.0001	0.6797	0.07	0.6875	0.034	0.6881	0.0588	0.5173

Trait	Production System			P-value	Genotype				p-value
Trait	CC	AV	EC	P-value	RB	RR	BR	BB	p-value
DW	687.72±8.17	713.95±11.49	711.57±12.00	0.0923	733.70±13.66^a	697.81±10.12^bc	715.79±11.41^ab	670.35±7.49^c	0.0010
CY	55.86±0.40^b	58.70±0.64^a	57.83±0.62^a	0.0004	59.13±0.84^a	56.61±0.47^b	58.25±0.55^a	55.85±0.63^b	0.0004
LW	24.22±1.22^ab	21.66±0.98^b	27.20±1.40^a	0.0039	27.27±1.17^a	24.58±1.17^a	24.79±1.96^a	20.80±1.18^b	0.0088
HW	5.85±0.36^c	6.95±0.35^b	8.04±0.32^a	0.0001	7.92±0.48^a	6.03±0.37^c	7.38±0.37^ab	6.46±0.49^bc	0.0017
GW	21.37±1.24^a	17.21±1.31^b	15.28±1.09^b	0.0016	15.26±1.32^b	18.88±2.00^ab	16.81±1.29^b	20.87±1.17^a	0.0237
BW	113.55±3.79^b	118.27±2.76^b	143.04±4.29^a	0.0001	136.41±4.90^a	118.55±4.55^b	133.19±5.57^a	111.64±4.55^b	0.0001
IW	44.68±1.03^b	47.04±1.00^b	52.67±1.78^a	0.0001	50.92±2.03^a	46.53±1.53^bc	50.25±1.79^ab	44.82±1.24^c	0.0075
IL	150.12±5.85	139.37±4.75	146.00±7.42	0.3853	164.00±5.51^a	140.91±7.78^b	143.91±7.30^b	131.83±4.00^b	0.0073
WW	59.61±1.33^b	69.61±1.01^a	65.97±1.43^a	0.0001	65.05±1.98	65.49±1.58	66.59±1.95	63.13±2.06	0.4228
DMW	112.81±2.36^b	116.63±2.78^b	130.26±2.48^a	0.0001	125.26±3.19^a	117.46±2.83^b	125.41±3.63^a	111.48±3.47^b	0.0004
TW	132.13±2.43^b	135.72±2.91^b	149.59±2.68^a	0.0001	144.74±3.28^a	136.81±2.91^b	144.71±3.87^a	130.33±3.52^b	0.0006

Trait	CC				AV				EC				p-value
Trait	RB	RR	BR	BB	RB	RR	BR	BB	RB	RR	BR	BB	p-value
DW	687.38 ± 10.19^cd	689.95 ± 21.73^cd	706.33 ± 20.62^bcd	667.22 ± 8.88^cd	765.80 ± 7.16^a	714.25 ± 15.39^abc	720.54 ± 16.72^abc	655.22 ± 3.88^d	747.93 ± 27.80^ab	689.23 ± 16.80^cd	720.50 ± 26.15^abc	688.6 ± 18.24^cd	0.0038
CY	55.34 ± 0.63^f	55.31 ± 0.25^f	57.96 ± 0.85^cde	54.81 ± 0.25^f	61.32 ± 0.36^a	58.39 ± 0.56^bcd	59.54 ± 0.77^abc	55.56 ± 1.14^ef	60.74 ± 0.23^ab	56.13 ± 0.61^def	57.26 ± 1.07^cdef	57.18 ± 1.45^cdef	0.0001
LW	28.41 ± 1.93^ab	25.06± 1.97^abc	23.52 ± 2.83^abc	19.88 ± 1.40^c	24.55 ± 1.97^abc	20.97 ± 1.10^bc	22.80 ± 1.70^abc	18.31 ± 2.05^c	28.85 ± 1.93^a	27.70 ± 1.58^ab	28.06 ± 5.10^ab	24.20 ± 1.77^abc	0.0353
HW	6.08 ± 0.73^de	4.95 ± 0.45^e	7.18 ± 0.22^bcd	5.19 ± 0.92^e	8.46 ± 0.45^ab	6.33 ± 0.55^cde	6.81 ± 0.79^bcde	6.20 ± 0.59^cde	9.22 ± 0.22^a	6.81 ± 0.62^bcde	8.15 ± 0.75^abc	7.97 ± 0.35^abcd	0.0002
GW	18.77 ± 1.32^abc	22.46 ± 4.19^ab	19.67 ± 1.41^abc	24.57 ± 1.60^a	14.92 ± 0.79^bc	16.47 ± 4.33^bc	17.37 ± 2.60^abc	20.10 ± 1.95^abc	12.09 ± 3.06^c	17.71 ± 1.17^abc	13.39 ± 1.75^c	17.93 ± 1.05^abc	0.0366
BW	127.68 ± 3.49^bc	105.89 ± 6.47^de	120.33 ± 4.41^bcd	100.30 ± 7.41^e	125.71 ± 1.50^bc	114.35 ± 4.64^cde	122.93 ± 4.82^bcd	110.07 ± 7.24^cde	155.84 ± 7.80^a	135.42 ± 3.17^b	156.32 ± 5.52^a	124.56± 4.65^bc	0.0001
IW	46.26 ± 2.78^cd	43.23 ± 2.16^d	47.45 ± 1.20^cd	41.77 ± 0.67^d	49.30 ± 3.57^bcd	44.95 ± 0.47^cd	47.09 ± 1 .35^cd	46.82 ± 1.43^cd	57.19 ± 2.00^a	51.40 ± 2.95^abc	56.22 ± 3.76^ab	45.87 ± 3.13^cd	0.0009
IL	168.00 ± 8.70	151.75 ± 19.15	140.75 ± 6.92	140.00 ± 4.96	162.75 ± 8.13	132.75 ± 7.27	134.75 ± 6.20	127.25 ± 6.42	161.25 ± 13.59	138.25 ± 13.56	156.25 ± 20.47	128.25± 8.78	0.1624
WW	61.37± 1.80^bcd	61.10 ± 3.28^bcd	60.40 ± 1.82^cd	55.56 ± 3.30^d	70.88 ± 2.40^a	69.42 ± 1.62^ab	70.29 ± 2.39^a	67.84 ± 2.16^abc	62.89 ± 4.13^abcd	65.94 ± 1.54^abc	69.07 ± 3.69^ab	65.98 ± 1.38^abc	0.003
DMW	119.57± 5.65^bcde	110.31 ± 4.04^de	116.10 ± 2.47^cde	105.23 ± 4.14^e	123.36 ± 4.62^abcd	114.96 ± 0.92^cde	123.00 ± 6.12^abcd	105.22 ± 4.68^e	132.85 ± 5.29^ab	127.09 ± 4.59^abc	137.14 ± 4.98^a	123.98± 3.89^abcd	0.0001
TW	139.07± 5.71^bcde	129.89 ± 4.39^de	135.22 ± 2.74^cde	124.35 ± 4.26^e	142.97 ± 4.79^abcd	134.16 ± 1.21^cde	142.00 ± 6.49^abcd	123.75 ± 4.95^e	152.18 ± 5.70^ab	146.36 ± 4.90^abc	156.91 ± 5.77^a	142.89± 3.89^abcd	0.0002

Trait	Production System			P-value	Genotype				p-value
Trait	CC	AV	EC	P-value	RB	RR	BR	BB	p-value
DW	552.24±18.67	542.62±8.58	575.60±16.97	0.221	568.81±19.99^ab	530.64±11.95^b	602.59±20.29^a	525.24±7.08^b	0.0033
CY	55.50±0.37^b	58.27±0.91^a	56.88±0.63^ab	0.0045	58.65±0.94^a	55.15±0.37^b	58.25±0.79^a	55.47±0.61^b	0.0002
LW	17.76±1.14^a	14.93±0.78^b	19.75±1.17^a	0.0048	19.01±0.97^a	17.55±1.13^ab	18.72±1.83^a	14.65±0.85^b	0.0374
HW	4.30±0.39^b	4.84±0.25^b	5.87±0.29^a	0.0017	5.54±0.41^a	4.25±0.33^b	5.60±0.39^a	4.62±0.39^ab	0.0146
GW	16.26±0.97^a	12.50±1.14^b	11.15±0.91^b	0.0011	10.56±1.01^b	13.77±1.45^ab	13.25±1.43^ab	15.62±0.95^a	0.0175
BW	88.51±4.68^b	87.15±1.68^b	110.05±5.04^a	0.0001	100.71±5.77^ab	89.62±5.22^bc	106.02±5.69^a	84.58±3.44^c	0.0023
IW	35.29±1.51^b	35.24±0.80^b	41.11±2.22^a	0.0149	37.96±2.17	35.84±2.27	40.52±2.01	34.54±1.11	0.1149
IL	116.06±3.63	111.62±2.42	116.25±3.49	0.4859	107.41±4.12^b	115.00±2.75^ab	121.75±4.64^a	114.41±1.72^ab	0.0541
WW	46.66±1.98^b	51.96±1.11^a	50.44±1.17^ab	0.0338	47.61±1.14^b	49.70±1.86^ab	53.12±2.08^a	48.31±1.72^ab	0.0993
DMW	84.87±3.58^b	83.32±2.03^b	97.05±3.78^a	0.0042	89.65±5.04^ab	85.64±3.24^b	96.59±4.02^a	81.79±2.76^b	0.0292
TW	100.27±4.00^b	97.78±2.16^b	112.17±4.23^a	0.0096	104.26±5.49^ab	100.57±3.56^b	112.33±4.62^a	96.47±2.82^b	0.041

Trait	CC				AV				EC				p-value
Trait	RB	RR	BR	BB	RB	RR	BR	BB	RB	RR	BR	BB	p-value
DW	523.28 ± 18.05^b	512.65 ± 5.60^b	648.98 ± 48.39^a	524.06 ± 9.61^b	550.53 ± 9.54^b	524.76 ± 6.38^b	575.40 ± 22.68^ab	519.79 ± 12.93^b	632.62 ± 42.68^a	554.50 ± 34.52^b	583.38 ± 24.27^ab	531.88 ± 16.35^b	0.0034
CY	54.99 ± 0.99^c	55.05 ± 0.39^c	57.02 ± 0.73^bc	54.94 ± 0.32^c	61.80 ± 0.42^a	55.27 ± 0.89^c	61.28 ± 0.24^a	54.72 ± 1.07^c	59.18 ± 0.89^ab	55.14 ± 0.79^c	56.45 ± 1.27^c	56.74 ± 1.44^bc	0.0001
LW	20.02 ± 1.42^ab	17.05 ± 1.49	20.13 ± 3.41	13.86 ± 1.10	15.94 ± 1.56	14.68 ± 1.35	16.17 ± 2.03	12.93 ± 1.27	21.06 ± 1.04	20.93 ± 1.86	19.86 ± 4.22	17.15 ± 1.41	0.0726
HW	4.17 ± 0.55^cd	3.25 ± 0.39^d	6.18 ± 0.64^ab	3.58 ± 0.71^d	5.58 ± 0.27^abc	4.48 ± 0.58^bcd	4.77 ± 0.52^bcd	4.55 ± 0.56^bcd	6.88 ± 0.50^a	5.03 ± 0.45^bcd	5.85 ± 0.82^abc	5.73 ± 0.27^abc	0.0013
GW	13.53 ± 1.12^abcd	15.86 ± 3.05^abc	17.24 ± 1.50^ab	18.40 ± 1.29^a	9.83 ± 0.52^cd	11.86 ± 3.17^bcd	12.96 ± 2.68^abcd	15.37 ± 1.75^abc	8.33 ± 2.24^d	13.60 ± 1.12^abcd	9.56 ± 1.78^cd	13.10 ± 0.76^abcd	0.0173
BW	94.25 ± 2.16^bc	75.71 ± 4.35^c	108.90 ± 10.79^ab	75.16 ± 5.89^c	86.55 ± 2.71^bc	85.23 ± 1.81^c	91.79 ± 3.28^bc	85.01 ± 5.01^c	121.33 ± 1148^a	107.92 ± 9.75^ab	117.37 ± 10.80^a	93.57 ± 3.72^bc	0.0001
IW	34.67 ± 2.71^bc	31.48 ± 1.56^c	43.1 6 ±2.47^ab	31.87 ± 0.61^c	34.25 ± 2.01^bc	34.13 ± 1.31^bc	35.66 ± 1.39^abc	36.91 ± 1.84^abc	44.96 ± 4.00^a	41.91 ± 5.75^ab	42.73 ± 4.98^ab	34.83 ± 2.35^bc	0.0202
IL	106.75 ± 5.55	107.00 ± 2.34	134.50 ± 7.02	116.00 ± 2.85	103.75 ± 4.58	117.50 ± 4.03	111.75 ± 5.17	113.50 ± 4.48	111.7 5 ± 11.15	120.50 ± 5.31	119.00 ± 8.43	113.75 ± 1.79	0.0683
WW	45.52 ± 2.04^bc	44.07 ± 1.56^bc	55.04 ± 5.67^a	42.01 ± 2.62^c	49.22 ± 2.46^abc	52.60 ± 2.97^ab	52.95 ± 2.00^ab	53.05 ± 1.58^ab	48.101 ± 1.30^abc	52.43 ± 3.36^ab	51.37 ± 3.03^ab	49.86 ± 1.31^abc	0.0408
DMW	85.60 ± 5.84^abc	76.42 ± 3.08^c	101.21 ± 8.05^a	76.26 ± 3.34^c	82.32 ± 4.32^abc	83.24 ± 2.63^abc	89.06 ± 3.96^abc	78.67 ± 4.80^bc	101.03 ± 12.68^a	97.27 ± 4.92^ab	99.48 ± 8.26^a	90.44 ± 3.41^abc	0.0239
TW	100.34 ± 6.14^abcd	90.86 ± 3.17^d	118.86 ± 9.34^a	91.04 ± 3.48^d	96.13 ± 4.61^bcd	97.97 ± 2.99^abcd	103.61 ± 4.31^abcd	93.40 ± 5.15^cd	116.32 ± 14.03^ab	112.88 ± 6.01^abcd	114.51 ± 9.37^abc	104.96 ± 3.49^abcd	0.0368

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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