Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress

Homeostase iônica, componentes bioquímicos e produção da abobrinha italiana sob formas de nitrogênio e estresse salino

Abstract

This research was carried out aiming at evaluating the effects of nitrate and ammonium ions on nutrient accumulation, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini (cv. Caserta) grown in a hydroponic system under salt stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse utilizing an experimental design in randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of two forms of nitrogen (nitrate - NO₃^- and ammonium - NH₄⁺) and 5 electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (EC_w) (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 dS m^-1). The analysis of the results indicated that supply of N exclusively in NH₄⁺ form promotes greater damage to the leaf membrane and reduction in accumulation of macronutrients and higher Na⁺/K⁺, Na⁺/Ca⁺⁺ and Na⁺/Mg⁺⁺ ratios in the shoots of zucchini plants. Electrical conductivity of irrigation water above 2.0 dS m^-1 reduces the accumulation of nutrients in shoot and yield of Italian zucchini plant. The toxicity of NH₄⁺ under Italian zucchini plants overlap the toxicity of the salinity, since its fertilization exclusively with this form of nitrogen inhibits its production, being the NO₃^- form the most suitable for the cultivation of the species.

Keywords:
Cucurbita pepo L.; electrolyte leakage; nitrogen fertilization; saline water