Plankton studies in a mangrove environment: VII. size fractionation of the phytoplankton: some studies on methods

Tundisi, J.; Teixeira, C.

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241968000100007

Abstracts

A series of experiments on the different methods of measuring the relative uptake of C14, by the various size fractions of the phytoplankton, were carried out in a mangrove swamp of the estuarine type at 25º south latitude. As a complement, some factors which might influence the relative uptake of the different fractions in inshore waters, were studied. These factors are related, mainly, with the increase on the amount of labelled particulate matter during incubation period, the effect of different pressures in the filtration of the size fractions of the phytoplankton, the use of a range of volumes for the incubation of samples, and the effect of formalin on the fixation of samples, after the incubation period. Based on these results, some suggestions are made for the use of the C14 method in inshore waters.

Como parte do programa de estudos do plancton, da região lagunar de Cananéia, foi levado a efeito uma série de experimentos com o método do C14, utilizado para a determinação da fixação relativa do isótopo, em cada fração do fitoplancton. Foram testados principalmente os métodos utilizados por STEEMANN-NIELSEN & JENSEN (1957) e YENTSCH & RYTHER (1959). Como complemento, foram realizados experimentos para verificação do efeito da pressão negativa sobre as diversas frações do fitoplancton, o uso de diferentes volumes para incubação das amostras, e o efeito da fixação das amostras, com formol 4% depois do período de incubação, e antes da filtração. Atenção especial foi dada ao problema de formação da matéria particulada durante o período de incubação. Com base nos resultados, são feitas sugestões para o uso do método do C14 em águas estuarinas.

Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. VII. size fractionation of the phytoplankton: some studies on methods

J. Tundisi; C. Teixeira

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

A series of experiments on the different methods of measuring the relative uptake of C¹⁴, by the various size fractions of the phytoplankton, were carried out in a mangrove swamp of the estuarine type at 25º south latitude. As a complement, some factors which might influence the relative uptake of the different fractions in inshore waters, were studied. These factors are related, mainly, with the increase on the amount of labelled particulate matter during incubation period, the effect of different pressures in the filtration of the size fractions of the phytoplankton, the use of a range of volumes for the incubation of samples, and the effect of formalin on the fixation of samples, after the incubation period. Based on these results, some suggestions are made for the use of the C¹⁴ method in inshore waters.

RESUMO

Como parte do programa de estudos do plancton, da região lagunar de Cananéia, foi levado a efeito uma série de experimentos com o método do C¹⁴, utilizado para a determinação da fixação relativa do isótopo, em cada fração do fitoplancton. Foram testados principalmente os métodos utilizados por STEEMANN-NIELSEN & JENSEN (1957) e YENTSCH & RYTHER (1959). Como complemento, foram realizados experimentos para verificação do efeito da pressão negativa sobre as diversas frações do fitoplancton, o uso de diferentes volumes para incubação das amostras, e o efeito da fixação das amostras, com formol 4% depois do período de incubação, e antes da filtração. Atenção especial foi dada ao problema de formação da matéria particulada durante o período de incubação. Com base nos resultados, são feitas sugestões para o uso do método do C¹⁴ em águas estuarinas.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to express their thanks to the "Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo" for partial support of this investigation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Received 18/10/1968)

Publ. n.º 258 do Inst. Ocean. da USP.

ANDERSON, G. C. 1964. The seasonal and geographic distribution of primary productivity off the Washington and Oregon coasts. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 9, n.ş 2, p. 284-302.
ANDERSON, G. C. 1965. Fractionation of phytoplankton communities off the Washington and Oregon coasts. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 10, n.ş 3, p. 477-479.
ATKINS, W. G. R. 1945. Autotrophic flagellates as the major constituents of oceanic phytoplankton. Nature, Lond., vol. 156, p. 446.
BALLANTINE, D. 1953. Comparison of the different methods of estimating nanoplankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U .K., vol. 32, n.ş 1, p. 129-142.
COLLIER, A. & MURPHY, A. 1962. Very small diatoms: preliminary notes and a description of Chaetoceros galvestonensis. Science, vol. 136, n.ş 3158, p. 780-782.
GESSNER, F. 1959. Hydrobotanik. Berlin, Deutscher Verlag Wissenschaften, vol. 2, Stotthaushalt, p. 219-221.
GUILLARD, R. R. L. & WANGERSKY, P. J. 1958. The production of extracellular carbohydrates by some marine flagellates. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 3, n.ş 3, p. 449-454.
HOLMES, R. W. 1959. Size fractionation of photosynthesizing phytoplankton. Spec. scient. Rep. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fisheries n.ş 279, p. 69-71.
HOLMES, R. W. & ANDERSON, G. C. 1963. Size fractionation of C¹⁴ labelled natural phytoplankton communities. Symposium on marine microbiology. Springfield, Thomas.
KAWAMURA, T. 1960. The "Oshoro Maru" cruise 46 to the Bering sea and North Pacific in June-August, 1960, II. Data Rec. oceanogr. Obsns explor. Fishg, n.ş 5, p. 142-165.
LASKER, R. ,& HOLMES, R. W. 1957. Variability in retention of marine phytoplankton by membrane filters. Nature, ....., n.ş 180, p. 1295-1296.
MULLIN, M. M. 1965. Size fractionation of particulate carbon, in the surface waters of the Indian Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 10, n.ş 3, p. 459-461.
PRAKASH, A. & HODGSON, M. 1966. Physiological ecology of marine dinoflagellates. Rep. Bedford Inst, oceanogr., Fifth a. Rep., p. 93-94.
SAIJO, Y., 1964. Size distribution of photosynthesizing phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 19, n.ş 4, p. 187-189.
SAIJO, Y. & TAKESUE, K. 1965. Further studies on the size distribution of photosynthesizing phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 20, n.ş 6, p. 264-271.
STEEMANN-NIELSEN, E. & JENSEN, A. 1957. Primary oceanic production, the autotrophic production of organic matter in the oceans. Galathea Rep., vol. 1, p. 50-125.
STRICKLAND, J. O. H. & PARSONS, T. R. 1965. A manual of sea water analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can., n.ş 125, 205 p.
TEIXEIRA, C. 1963. Relative rates of photosynthesis and standing-stock of the net-phytoplankton and nannoplankton. Bolm Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 13, n.ş 2, p. 53-60.
TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & KUTNER, M. B. 1965. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. II. The standing-stock and some ecological factors. Bolm Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 14, n.ş 1, p. 13-42.
TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1967. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. IV. Size fractionation of the phytoplankton. Bolm Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 16, n.ş 1, p. 39-42.
TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1968. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. VI. Primary production, zooplankton standing-stock and some environmental factors. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., vol. 53, n.ş 5, (in press).
TUNDISI, J. 1965. Some aspects of the production of extracellular substances by marine algae. Unpublished, M. Sc. thesis, Department of Oceanography, University of Southampton.
TUNDISI, J. - Estudos sobre o fracionamento do fitoplâncton, e seu significado ecológico. Ph. D. thesis, Universidade de São Paulo (in preparation).
WOOD, E. J. F. & DAVIS, P. S. 1956. Importance of smaller phytoplankton elements. Nature, Lond., vol. 177, p. 438.
YENTSCH, C. S. & RYTHER, J. H. 1959. Relative significance of the net-phytoplankton and nannoplankton, in the waters of Vineyard Sound. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, vol. 4, n.ş 2, p. 231-236.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
14 June 2012
Date of issue
1968

History

Received
18 Oct 1968

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDERSON, G. C. 1964. The seasonal and geographic distribution of primary productivity off the Washington and Oregon coasts. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 9, n.ş 2, p. 284-302.

[2] ANDERSON, G. C. 1965. Fractionation of phytoplankton communities off the Washington and Oregon coasts. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 10, n.ş 3, p. 477-479.

[3] ATKINS, W. G. R. 1945. Autotrophic flagellates as the major constituents of oceanic phytoplankton. Nature, Lond., vol. 156, p. 446.

[4] BALLANTINE, D. 1953. Comparison of the different methods of estimating nanoplankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U .K., vol. 32, n.ş 1, p. 129-142.

[5] COLLIER, A. & MURPHY, A. 1962. Very small diatoms: preliminary notes and a description of Chaetoceros galvestonensis. Science, vol. 136, n.ş 3158, p. 780-782.

[6] GESSNER, F. 1959. Hydrobotanik. Berlin, Deutscher Verlag Wissenschaften, vol. 2, Stotthaushalt, p. 219-221.

[7] GUILLARD, R. R. L. & WANGERSKY, P. J. 1958. The production of extracellular carbohydrates by some marine flagellates. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 3, n.ş 3, p. 449-454.

[8] HOLMES, R. W. 1959. Size fractionation of photosynthesizing phytoplankton. Spec. scient. Rep. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fisheries n.ş 279, p. 69-71.

[9] HOLMES, R. W. & ANDERSON, G. C. 1963. Size fractionation of C¹⁴ labelled natural phytoplankton communities. Symposium on marine microbiology. Springfield, Thomas.

[10] KAWAMURA, T. 1960. The "Oshoro Maru" cruise 46 to the Bering sea and North Pacific in June-August, 1960, II. Data Rec. oceanogr. Obsns explor. Fishg, n.ş 5, p. 142-165.

[11] LASKER, R. ,& HOLMES, R. W. 1957. Variability in retention of marine phytoplankton by membrane filters. Nature, ....., n.ş 180, p. 1295-1296.

[12] MULLIN, M. M. 1965. Size fractionation of particulate carbon, in the surface waters of the Indian Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., vol. 10, n.ş 3, p. 459-461.

[13] PRAKASH, A. & HODGSON, M. 1966. Physiological ecology of marine dinoflagellates. Rep. Bedford Inst, oceanogr., Fifth a. Rep., p. 93-94.

[14] SAIJO, Y., 1964. Size distribution of photosynthesizing phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 19, n.ş 4, p. 187-189.

[15] SAIJO, Y. & TAKESUE, K. 1965. Further studies on the size distribution of photosynthesizing phytoplankton in the Indian Ocean. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 20, n.ş 6, p. 264-271.

[16] STEEMANN-NIELSEN, E. & JENSEN, A. 1957. Primary oceanic production, the autotrophic production of organic matter in the oceans. Galathea Rep., vol. 1, p. 50-125.

[17] STRICKLAND, J. O. H. & PARSONS, T. R. 1965. A manual of sea water analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can., n.ş 125, 205 p.

[18] TEIXEIRA, C. 1963. Relative rates of photosynthesis and standing-stock of the net-phytoplankton and nannoplankton. Bolm Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 13, n.ş 2, p. 53-60.

[19] TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & KUTNER, M. B. 1965. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. II. The standing-stock and some ecological factors. Bolm Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 14, n.ş 1, p. 13-42.

[20] TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1967. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. IV. Size fractionation of the phytoplankton. Bolm Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, vol. 16, n.ş 1, p. 39-42.

[21] TEIXEIRA, C, TUNDISI, J. & SANTORO YCAZA, J. 1968. Plankton studies in a mangrove environment. VI. Primary production, zooplankton standing-stock and some environmental factors. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., vol. 53, n.ş 5, (in press).

[22] TUNDISI, J. 1965. Some aspects of the production of extracellular substances by marine algae. Unpublished, M. Sc. thesis, Department of Oceanography, University of Southampton.

[23] TUNDISI, J. - Estudos sobre o fracionamento do fitoplâncton, e seu significado ecológico. Ph. D. thesis, Universidade de São Paulo (in preparation).

[24] WOOD, E. J. F. & DAVIS, P. S. 1956. Importance of smaller phytoplankton elements. Nature, Lond., vol. 177, p. 438.

[25] YENTSCH, C. S. & RYTHER, J. H. 1959. Relative significance of the net-phytoplankton and nannoplankton, in the waters of Vineyard Sound. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, vol. 4, n.ş 2, p. 231-236.

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Plankton studies in a mangrove environment: VII. size fractionation of the phytoplankton: some studies on methods

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History