Do command and control instruments for nature conservation on private property always fail?

Camargo Neto, Lauro de; Paulino, Eleri Rafael Muniz; Ranieri, Victor Eduardo Lima

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210024r1vu2022L1AO

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 25 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210024r1vu2022L1AO copy

Do command and control instruments for nature conservation on private property always fail?

¿Los instrumentos de comando y control para la conservación de la naturaleza en predios privados siempre fallan?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Command and control instruments for the conservation of nature on private property are widely considered to be costly and inefficient at achieving significant conservation. In the city of Bonito (MS), an initiative called “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, aimed at the protection of native vegetation, sought to promote rural techniques that significantly aid the protection and restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in Brazil. The aim of this article is to analyze the reach of this project from landholders’ perspective, focusing on the adequacy of rural properties to the current legal-environmental regime for native vegetation protection. Qualitative analysis was conducted through a series of interviews to gauge respondent’s perceptions of the “Projeto Formoso Vivo” initiative. Results show that all respondents recognized the importance of the project and consider it possible to reconcile the economic value of private properties with the requirements of areas destined for conservation.

Keywords:
Environmental policy; forest legislation; conservation on private land; Brazil; Forest Code

Economic activity	Number of properties
Economic activity	Small (< 4MF)	Medium (4 a 15 MF)	Larges (> 5 MF)	Total
Only livestock	1	3	2	6
Only tourism	6	-	-	6
Only tenancy	1	-	-	1
Livestock and tourism	2	-	-	2
Livestock and tenancy	-	-	2	2
Livestock, tourism, and tenancy	1	-	1	2
Livestock and leisure	-	1	-	1
Non-economic activities	3	-	-	3
Total	14	4	5	23

Property Size			Small (14)		Medium (4)		Large (5)		Total (23)
Answers			Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Questions	I	Was it necessary to take any action to regularize the APP and RL?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	II	Was your property profitable before the regularization?	10	4	4	0	5	0	19	4
	III	Did you have any difficulty regularizing the APP?	4	10	1	3	3	2	8	15
	IV	Did you have any difficulty regularizing the RL?	9	5	1	3	2	3	12	11
	V	Did you have financial costs for the regularization of the APP?	9	5	4	0	5	0	18	5
	VI	Did you have financial costs for the regularization of the RL?	13	1	4	0	5	0	22	1
	VII	Did you have to change economic activity on the property to promote the regularization of the APP?	1	13	0	4	0	5	1	22
	VIII	Did you have to change economic activity on the property to promote the regularization of the RL?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	IX	Have you started to promote some economic activity in the APP?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	X	Have you started to promote some economic activity in the RL?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	XI	Did your property remain profitable after the settlement of APP?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	20	0
	XII	Did your property remain profitable after the settlement of RL?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	20	0
	XIII	Has the costs of the regularization of the APP and RL been or is it possible to be absorbed from the income of the property?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	19	1
	XIV	Do you believe it is possible to combine economic production with APP and RL?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XV	Would the existence of any kind of incentive help in the regularization process?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XVI	In general, is the initiative for the environmental regularization of properties important for the region?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XVII	Generally speaking, do you have any other information you’d like to comment on, criticism, suggestions?	Open question

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[1] Lauro de Camargo Neto ✉ lauro.neto@usp.br