¿Los instrumentos de comando y control para la conservación de la naturaleza en predios privados siempre fallan?

Camargo Neto, Lauro de; Paulino, Eleri Rafael Muniz; Ranieri, Victor Eduardo Lima

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 25 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210024r1vu2022L1AO copiar

¿Los instrumentos de comando y control para la conservación de la naturaleza en predios privados siempre fallan?

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Los instrumentos de comando y control para la conservación de la naturaleza en propiedades privadas son considerados por muchos autores ineficientes y costosos para lograr altos niveles de protección. En el municipio de Bonito (MS) una iniciativa orientada a la protección y recuperación de la vegetación nativa, el “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, buscó promover la adecuación de predios rurales logrando buenos resultados. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde la percepción de los propietarios, el alcance del Projeto Formoso Vivo en cuanto a la adecuación de las propiedades rurales al actual régimen jurídico-ambiental que se ocupa de la protección de la vegetación nativa. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de entrevistas. Las respuestas muestran que todos los encuestados reconocen la importancia de las iniciativas de conservación en terrenos privados y consideran posible conciliar la producción económica de la propiedad rural con los requerimientos de las áreas destinadas a la conservación.

Palabras-clave:
Política de medio ambiente; legislación forestal; conservación en tierras privadas; Brasil; código forestal

Economic activity	Number of properties
Economic activity	Small (< 4MF)	Medium (4 a 15 MF)	Larges (> 5 MF)	Total
Only livestock	1	3	2	6
Only tourism	6	-	-	6
Only tenancy	1	-	-	1
Livestock and tourism	2	-	-	2
Livestock and tenancy	-	-	2	2
Livestock, tourism, and tenancy	1	-	1	2
Livestock and leisure	-	1	-	1
Non-economic activities	3	-	-	3
Total	14	4	5	23

Property Size			Small (14)		Medium (4)		Large (5)		Total (23)
Answers			Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Questions	I	Was it necessary to take any action to regularize the APP and RL?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	II	Was your property profitable before the regularization?	10	4	4	0	5	0	19	4
	III	Did you have any difficulty regularizing the APP?	4	10	1	3	3	2	8	15
	IV	Did you have any difficulty regularizing the RL?	9	5	1	3	2	3	12	11
	V	Did you have financial costs for the regularization of the APP?	9	5	4	0	5	0	18	5
	VI	Did you have financial costs for the regularization of the RL?	13	1	4	0	5	0	22	1
	VII	Did you have to change economic activity on the property to promote the regularization of the APP?	1	13	0	4	0	5	1	22
	VIII	Did you have to change economic activity on the property to promote the regularization of the RL?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	IX	Have you started to promote some economic activity in the APP?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	X	Have you started to promote some economic activity in the RL?	2	12	0	4	0	5	2	21
	XI	Did your property remain profitable after the settlement of APP?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	20	0
	XII	Did your property remain profitable after the settlement of RL?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	20	0
	XIII	Has the costs of the regularization of the APP and RL been or is it possible to be absorbed from the income of the property?¹	10	1	4	0	5	0	19	1
	XIV	Do you believe it is possible to combine economic production with APP and RL?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XV	Would the existence of any kind of incentive help in the regularization process?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XVI	In general, is the initiative for the environmental regularization of properties important for the region?	14	0	4	0	5	0	23	0
	XVII	Generally speaking, do you have any other information you’d like to comment on, criticism, suggestions?	Open question

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