Taxonomic and morphofunctional phytoplankton response to environmental variability in rivers from different hydrographic basins in Southern Brazil

Silva, Thaís Tagliati da; Medeiros, Gabriela; Amaral, Mailor Wellinton Wedig; Pilatti, Maria Clara; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Bueno, Norma Catarina

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X1222

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Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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Original Article • Acta Limnol. Bras. 34 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X1222 copy

Taxonomic and morphofunctional phytoplankton response to environmental variability in rivers from different hydrographic basins in Southern Brazil

Resposta taxonômica e morfofuncional do fitoplâncton à variabilidade ambiental em rios de diferentes bacias hidrográficas no sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Aim

Urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation are the main anthropogenic factors that modify the soil, altering the quality of water, and influencing limnological aspects and the aquatic biota in rivers. We investigated the morphology-based taxonomic and functional response (MBFG) of the phytoplankton community among different public supply rivers in distinct hydrographic basins with ultraoligotrophic, oligotrophic, and mesotrophic characteristics.

Methods

We sampled the phytoplankton community and environmental variables in nine rivers along three hydrographic basins in western Paraná. In order to evaluate the taxonomic and functional relationship of the community with the environmental variables, we applied both variance and redundancy analyses.

Results

Differences in temperature, pH, turbidity, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids were identified among river basins and/or trophic states. The highest taxonomic contributions to richness and biovolume were from green algae and diatoms, while the highest functional contributions were from MBFG IV (algae without specialized traits), MBFG V (unicellular flagellated algae), MBFG VI (algae with a siliceous exoskeleton) and MBFG (large colonial algae). The taxonomic approach was sensitive to environmental variability in the rivers, while for the functional approach no relationship to environmental variability was identified.

Conclusions

The taxonomic approach of the phytoplankton community was more sensitive to the environmental variability of the studied rivers than the functional approach based on morphology. Therefore, we reinforce the importance of biological indicators for understanding the dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, providing crucial information for the management of water resources used for public supply.

Keywords:
lotic environments; bioindicators; MBFG; water quality

Hydrographic basins	Municipality	River	Sampling sites	Latitude Longitude	Anthropic activity	Trophic state	Depth (cm)	Width (m)	Flow (m³/s)
Piquiri	Guaraniaçu	Baú River	GUARP1	25°40’56”S 52°53’29”W	Agricultural production PP	Mesotrophic	14	5.78	0.05
Piquiri	Guaraniaçu	Baú River	GUARP2	25°40’27”S 52°53’20”W	Agricultural production PP	Ultraoligotrophic	18	4.69	0.11
Paraná III	Medianeira	Alegria River	MEDP1	25°18'35”S 54°30'31”W	Urban	Oligotrophic	8	2.90	0.04
	Medianeira	Alegria River	MEDP2	25°17'30”S 54°40'35”W	Agricultural production GP	Oligotrophic	34	3.70	0.09
	Toledo	Toledo River	TOLP1	24°45'49”S 53°39'50”W	Urban	Mesotrophic	37	4.31	0.62
	Toledo	Toledo River	TOLP2	24°43'51”S 53°42'40”W	Agricultural production GP	Mesotrophic	52	7.90	3.00
Lower Iguassu River	Cascavel	Cascavel River	CVELP1	52°53'29”S 53°26'06”W	Urban	Mesotrophic	52	3.70	0.54
	Cascavel	Cascavel River	CVELP2	52°53'20”S 53°26'19”W	Agricultural production GP	Ultraoligotrophic	30	4.80	0.28
	Catanduvas	Arroio Passo Liso River	CTDP1	25°11’13”S 53°08’18”W	Agricultural production PP	Ultraoligotrophic	18	9.50	0.05
	Catanduvas	Arroio Passo Liso River	CTDP2	25°12’38”S 53°07’51”W	Agricultural production PP	Oligotrophic	17	7.25	0.30
	Boa vista da Aparecida	Jacutinga River	BVAP1	25°25’17”S 53°25’46”W	Agricultural production PP	Ultraoligotrophic	24	6.90	0.27
	Boa vista da Aparecida	Jacutinga River	BVAP2	25°25’46”S 53°26’17”W	Agricultural production PP	Oligotrophic	28	3.50	0.18
	Foz do Iguaçu	Tamanduá River	FOZP1	25°30'26”S 54°31'50”W	Urban	Mesotrophic	9	2.86	0.06
	Foz do Iguaçu	Tamanduá River	FOZP2	25°32'13”S 54°31'25”W	Urban	Mesotrophic	30	3.40	0.15
	Santa Tereza do Oeste	Gonçalves Dias River	STOP1	25°20'29”S 53°35'20”W	Agricultural production GP	Oligotrophic	19	1.50	0.16
	Santa Tereza do Oeste	Gonçalves Dias River	STOP2	25°30'47”S 53°36'14”W	Agricultural production GP	Oligotrophic	21	5.00	0.23
	Três Barras do Paraná	Itaguaçu stream	TBPP1	25°26'11”S 53°11'17”W	Agricultural production PP	Oligotrophic	40	2.40	0.06
	Três Barras do Paraná	Itaguaçu stream	TBPP2	25°26'21”S 53°10'50”W	Agricultural production PP	Oligotrophic	25	3.20	0.15

Municipalities Basins	BVA Lower Iguassu River	CTD Lower Iguassu River	CVEL Lower Iguassu River	FOZ Lower Iguassu River		MED Paraná III	STO Lower Iguassu River	TBP Lower Iguassu River	TOL Paraná III	Basins p	Trophy p	Basins x Trophy p
Environmental variables
Temp (ºC)	23.22 ± 1.08	19.45 ± 0.26	20.9 ± 1.00	22.41 ± 0.98	17.93 ± 0.61	21.93 ± 0.42	22.52 ± 1.26	21.04 ± 0.05	20.83 ± 0.20	0.018	0.45	0.94
DO (mg L^-1)	3.43 ± 0.32	4.94 ± 0.35	10.74 ± 0.35	2.58 ± 0.54	4.84 ± 0.22	2.8 ± 0.57	2.53 ± 0.78	4.47 ± 0.35	10.59 ± 0.29	0.64	0.05	0.12
pH	7.41 ± 0.28	7.31 ± 0.01	5.47 ± 0.52	6.32 ± 0.13	6.79 ± 0.44	6.66 ± 0.10	6.64 ± 0.31	7.27 ± 0.09	5.94 ± 0.26	0.004	0.009	0.19
Conduct (mS cm^-1)	0.08± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03	0.97	0.73
Z_max (m)	0.26 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.15	0.19 ± 0.15	0.16 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.18	0.2 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.10	0.44 ± 0.10	0.33	0.48	0.79
Turb (NTU)	9.21 ± 0.46	6.07 ± 2.31	9.67 ± 2.31	13.65 ± 3.06	13.25 ± 1.20	8.91 ± 1.20	10.53 ± 1.51	9.61 ± 0.21	22.25 ± 1.90	0.099	0.04	028
BOD (mg L^-1)	1.30 ± 0.36	1.00 ± 0. 01	1.68 ± 0.82	1.75 ± 1.06	1.76 ± 0.14	1. 05 ± 0.08	1.45 ± 0.64	1.00 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.17	0.31	0.07	0.77
COD (mg L^-1)	67.50 ± 3.53	58.33 ± 2.35	41.66 ± 9.42	16.66 ± 11.78	63.33 ± 14.14	61.67 ± 14.14	71.66 ± 2.35	77.50 ± 5.89	25.83 ± 3.53	0.04	2.52	0.25
TP (mg L^-1)	0.02 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.05	0.02 ± 0.02	0.01 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.06	0.04 ± 0.02	0.34	0.01	0.81
NO₃^- (mg L^-1)	0.09 ± 0.07	1.00 ± 0.42	1.25 ± 0.49	1.25 ± 0.40	0.80 ± 0. 42	1.00 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.07	1.75 ± 0.49	1.80 ± 0.14	0.32	0.47	0.26
N-NH₃ (mg L^-1)	0.001 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.07	0.17 ± 0.25	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.67	0.37	0.84
PO₄^- (mg L^-1)	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	0.06	0.26	0.59
TDS (mg L^-1)	77.25 ± 6.72	71.00 ± 4.95	40.00 ± 3.53	41.50 ± 6.36	67.50 ± 12.02	48.75 ± 5.30	40.50 ± 8.48	71.75 ± 10.96	21.57 ± 2.47	0.003	0.13	0.18
Precipitation (mm)	5.02	3.81	3.81	2.87	2.6	2.54	3.81	5.02	2.84	-	-	-
Flow (m³ s^-1)	0.22 ± 0.68	0.17 ± 0.17	0.41 ± 0.18	0.10 ± 0.06	0.08 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0. 04	0.1 ± 0.06	1.81 ± 1.68	-	-	-

	Hydrographic basin
Taxa		DF	F	p
	Richness	2	0.19865	0.030
	Biovolume	2	0.15331	0.114
MBFG
	Richness	2	0.18809	0.306
	Biovolume	2	0.12170	0.487
	Trophic state
Taxa		DF	F	p
	Richness	2	0.08837	0.752
	Biovolume	2	0.08023	0.931
MBFG
	Richness	2	0.02975	0.751
	Biovolume	2	0.03927	0.984

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