ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare techniques for the invitro evaluation of the effect of fungicides on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). The fungicides epoxiconazole, fentin hydroxide, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and carbendazim were tested at two concentrations, on cells and spores, in nutrient agar (NA) – solid medium (SM), and in nutrient broth (NB) – liquid medium (LM), with an evaluation also being made of their metabolization (MT) by Btk. For cells, the fungicides in NA were tested incorporated into the medium and on filterpaper disks. The evaluation consisted, respectively, of the number of CFU/mL and of the formation of an inhibition halo. For cells, the Bt+products + NB mixture was incubated in Erlenmeyer flasks (30 ± 2° C, 150rpm, 24h) and then was diluted and inoculated onto NA; the number of CFU/mL was evaluated. The MT and spore tests were performed in liquid medium (water). The effects of the products varied with their concentration, technique used, contact time, and developmental stage of the pathogen. The LM test is the most recommendable for evaluating the effect on cells. It was observed that most fungicides were compatible with cells, and only epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin were metabolized. Fentin hydroxide was the only fungicide incompatible with spores.
KEY WORDS
Entomopathogenic bacteria; selectivity; compatibility