Resumo em Inglês:

During the years 1948, 1949 and 1951 a disease occurred in the cotton crops of the state of S. Paulo Brazil (S. Am.), which caused a severe drop in yields. The abnormality was characterized by a typical reddish - purple color of the leaves, being by this reason, called "vermelhão", that is, reddening of the cotton plant. The disease was associated with a dry season. Among the several hypotheses raised to explain the causes of the disease were: insect attack, potassium deficiency - where from the name "potash hunger" was also given -, and magnesium deficiency: In order to study the problem the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of the College of Agriculture of the University of São Paulo, at Piracicaba, carried out a series of experiments as follows: 1. pot experiments in which soil of one of the affected regions was used ("terra roxa", a red-brownish soil derived from basalt); 2. pot-soil experiments varying the moisture supplied; 3. sand culture experiments omitting certain elements from the nutrient solutions; 4. field plot experiments, conducted on a sandy soil; three different varieties were employed: Texas, Express, and I.A. 817; magnesium was applied either as sulfate or dolomitic limestone. All the experiments were completed with suitable chemical analyses. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. in the first trial, the not properly manured pots (minus Mg), symptoms were registered which were similar to the symptoms observed in the field; it was possible to establish some differences among three different types of reddening: due to lack of K in the mixed fertilizers used, the characteristic cotton rust made its appearance, the red color in the leaves of the minus Mg plants was all alike that described in the current literature as a symptom of Mg-deficiency; in all the treatments ocurred a yellow-reddish color in the leaves associated with the latest stages of maturity; 2. in the second experiment it was verified that when the plants in the pots with soil were kept 75 per cent of the water holding capacity, no symptom of deficiency showed up; was true even for the plants not receiving neither K nor Mg; however, plants supplied with only 25 per cent of the water holding capacity showed, respectively, cotton rust in the minus K treatment and the red purplish color in the minus Mg series; 3. the sand culture experiment confirmed lack of Mg as the cause of "vermelhão", being potash deficiency the responsible for cotton rust; 4. in the field experiment, variety LA. 817 revealed to be the most sensitive to "vermelhão" when Mg was omitted from the fertilizers; symptoms of K deficiency appeared when no K was supplied; both magnesium sulfate and dolomitic limestone proved to be equally effective in the control of "vermelhão"; 5. the analyses of material collected both in the field as well in the pots revealed that leaf petiole in the most reliable part to indicate the K and Mg status of the plant; the variation in Mg content suffered by the plants showing different stages of "vermelhão was, quantitatively, at least as large as that in K content, however when one deals with K deficient plants, that is, plants showing the typical rust, no variation occurred in the Mg content, whereas K in the dry mater dropped from more than 1 per cent to less than half per cent. Then, the following general conclusions can be drawn: 1. Mg deficiency is the cause of "vermelhão" of cotton crops; 2. K deficiency also occurred, but in a lesser degree; 3. the climate conditions - especially the lack of rain influenced the soil dynamic of K, and especially Mg, bringing a severe reduction in their assimilability; 4. the "vermelhão" disease can be easily controlled upon additions either of magnesium sulfate or dolomitic limestone.

Resumo em Inglês:

The main wild doves of the region of Piracicaba (State of S. Paulo, Brazil) are Columba cayennensis sylvestris Vieillot, Oreopeleia montana montana (L.), Leptotila verreauxi decipiens Salvadori, Columbigallina talpacoti talpacoti. (Temminck) and Scardafella squammata squammata (Lesson). The last one is well known for the beauty of the coloration of its feathers and for the characteristic sounds produced when flying up. Of common occurrence around the local farms, that species can easily be recognized not only for the mentioned peculiarities as for the voice of the adults, which was translated into the Brazilian onomatopoeia by the expression "fogo-apagou". S. squammata's biology being not well known, the Author presents some notes on its nidification, behaviour of both sexes and of the young birds. The data were gotten in nature and with specimens kept in captivity, where the reproduction took place. In such a situation, the male dove used thin and small wooden shavings to build the nest, an artificial material unknown by him when in nature. This fact may be considered as another proof of the plasticity of the instinctive conduct of birds, not so marked as the one given by SCHIRCH (1931) concerning Synallaxis sp. (Furnariidae), which made use of wire pieces and also barbed wires in confectioning the nest. The copulation was sometimes verified, being preceded by the phenomena well known in other Columbidae species. The nest had its building ready just on the day in which the first egg was laid. As it generally happens amongst doves, the nest was not carefully made - a simple and shallow bowl (diameter = 10 cm), where two entirely white eggs were put.. .. ..(22,5-24,5 x 18,0-19,0 mm). The eclosion took place 14 days after the laying of the last egg. As soon as the young doves (at least the male one) can feed by themselves, they try to produce the characteristic species sounds. "Pararu", a common name oly applied to another species - Claravis godefrida (Temminck) - is reported, which is preferably used by people in this region to call the studied dove. No differences between the coloration of the fathers of the two sexes were observed. The female dove seemed to be a little thinner than the male. In addition, the slight differences between the sounds produced by the male and female are pointed out.

Resumo em Inglês:

This paper deals with some Millipedes (Diplopoda), which have been verified associated with or attacking on cultivated plants. The following forms are reported: 1) Orthomorpha (Orthomorpha) coarctata (Saussure, 1860) - Enormous numbers of individuals belonging to this species, whose synanthropic habits are frequentely emphasized, were collected around coffee-plants kept in a nursery. Young plants (with 10 cm) are mentioned as damaged by the species, which gnaws the stem, just above the roots. The dusting with benzene hexachloride (BHC) was successfully employed to prevent the invasions. Other occurrences of O. coarctata are reported, ecological and biological informations being also added. 2) Orthomorpha (Kalorthomorpha) gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) - Observed frequentely associated with the former species, being however less numerous. Both forms are very active, seemming to be widely distributed throughout the State of S. Paulo. 3) Cylindroiulus (Aneuloboiulus) britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891) - This species represents the first european Millipede verified in Brazil, by O. SCHUBART (1942a). The Author obtained a few specimens associated with O. gracilis, from the roots of lettuce plants. The lesions shown by the stem just above the roots seem to be due to both species. 4) Alloporus setiger Broelemann, 1902; Gymnostreptus olivaceus Schubart, 1944 and Pseudonannolene tricolor Broelemann, 1902 - Total damages determined by these species (mainly G. olivaceus) were observed in cultures of sugar-beet and melon. Actually, the Millipedes destroyed entirely the roots of the former plant and the fruits of the latter, representing a serious pest, here reported by the first time. Ecological and bionomical data are also included. 5) Pseudonannolene sp. (possibly P. paulista Broelemann, 1902) - Verified gnawing sweet-potatoes, about the crackings exhibited by the tubers. The crackings in sweet-potatoes appear to result in certain instances from a root-knot nematodes infection (Meloidogyne sp). P. paulista was recentely observed attacking potatoes, destroying from 6 to 30% of the tubers, according to the variety (BOOCK & LORDELLO, 1952).

Resumo em Inglês:

This paper includes a few notes on some Homoptera insects of the genus Fulgora, according to a study carried out on a little collection belonging to the Laboratory of Zoology of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba, Brazil). The following species are mentioned: F. servillei Spinola, F. lucifera Germar, F. orthocephala (Pinto da Fonseca) and F. cearensis (Pinto da Fonseca). The types of the latter having been collected in Fortaleza (Ceará), its area of distribution is considerably enlarged by the information of its occurrence in the State of São Paulo.

Resumo em Inglês:

As it is generally said, the red ring disease of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is caused by a nematode which is regularly found in the diseased tissues. Such a nematode was described by COBB in 1919 as Aphelenchus cocophilus, having been placed by GOODEY, in 1933, in the genus Aphelenchoides. The species has been found occurring in three States of this country (Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia). However, the Authors received from the Instituto de Ecologia e Experimentação Agrícolas, in Rio de Janeiro, a few samples of coconut tissues badly infested. So, its area of distribution is considerably enlarged. A. cocophilus is so slender and delicate a form that descriptions based on preserved material are frequentely inadequate. Thus, the Authors took this opportunity to re-examine and redescribe the species, as it was suggested by GOODEY (1923), what had not previously been made by those brazilian workers who have dealt with the disease. The population studied generally agreed with those examined by COBB (1919) and GOODEY (1923) in the details given, except in the dimensions mainly of the tail, as it is shown in table 1, where the measurements of 5 females and 5 males are presented.

Resumo em Inglês:

The present paper relates a few experiments carried out to study the distribution of radiozinc in tomato seedlings as well its translocation in adult plants. 1 Tomato seedlings grown in nutrient solution were given during two weeks ca. 0.2 microcuries of Zn65C112; the seedlings were then harvested, and after careful washing of the roots with distiled water and diluted HC1, a radioautograph was taken (Fig. 1); this shows that the whole seedling, including the first cotyledon leaves are active; the Zn65 is preferentially concentrated, however, in the root system; this fact suggests that finding by ROSSITER (1953) that the roots of plants growing under natural conditions had a very high concentration of zinc is not due to soil contamination being ascribable to the physiology of such micronutrient. 2. The translocation of radiozinc was demonstrated by three different ways. In the first case, Zn65Cl2 was supplied to the nutrient solution during four weeks; three weeks after the addition of the radiozinc was discontinued, the newer leaves were detached and a radioautograph was taken (Fig. 2); the activity therein found shows that translocation occurred from the old leaves to the young ones. In the next experiment, identical procedure was followed but, instead of a radioautograph, different parts of the plant were ashed and counted; it was verified that 66.6 per cent of the activity supplied was absorbed; due to a great fixation within the roots only 5,6 per cent was translocated to the newer organs. In the third trial, Zn65C12 was directly applied to both upper and lower surfaces of medium aged leaves; counting the separated organs revealed that: 24.2 per cent of the activity applied hab been absorbed; however, 13.7 per cent translocated to the rest of the plant including to the roots. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. P. R. Stout, Chairman, Dept. of Plant Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley and to Mr. A. B. Carlton for their help during part of this work. O autor agradece ao Laboratório de Isótopos da Universidade de São Paulo, na pessoa do Dr. T. Eston, o fornecimento do Zn65 usado neste trabalho.

Resumo em Inglês:

1. The present work was carried out to study the effects of mineral nutrients in the yield as well as in the composition of cassava roots. The variety "Branca de Sta. Catarina" was grown by the sand culture method, the following treatments being used: N0 P0 K0, N0 P1 Kl, N1 P0 K1, N2 P1 K0, N2 P1 K1, N1 P2 K1, and N1 P1 K2, where the figures 0, 1, and 2 denote the relative proportion of a given element. The nutrients were given as follows: N = 35 grams of ammonium nitrate per pot loaded with 120 pounds of washed sand; P1 = 35 grams of monocalcium phosphate; Kl = 28 grams of sulfate of potash. Besides those fertilizers, each pot received 26 grams of magnesium sulfate and weekly doses of micronutrients as indicated by HOAGLAND and ARNON (1939). To apply the macronutrients the total doses were divided in three parts evenly distributed during the life cycle of cassava. 2. As far yield of roots and foliage are concerned, there are a few points to be considered: 2.1. the most striking effect on yield was verified when P was omitted from the fertilization; this treatment gave the poorest yields of the whole experiment; the need of that element for the phosphorylation of the starchy reserves explains such result; 2.2. phosphorus and nitrogen, under the experimental conditions, showed to be the most important nutrients for cassava; the effect of potassium in the weight of the roots produced was much less marked; it is noteworthy to mention, that in absence of potassium, the roots yield decreased whereas the foliage increased; as potassium is essential for the translocation of carbohydrates it is reasonable to admit that sugars produced in the leaves instead of going down and accumulate as starch in the roots were consumed in the production of more green matter. 3. Chemical analyses of roots revealed the following interesting points: 3.1. the lack of phosphorus brought about the most drastic reduction in the starch content of the roots; while the treatment N1 P1 K1 gave 32 per cent of starch, with NI PO Kl the amount found was 25 per cent; this result can be explained by the requirement of P for the enzymatic synthesis of starch; it has to be mentioned that the decrease in the starch content was associated with the remarkable drop in yield observed when P was omitted from the nutrient medium; 3.2. the double dosis of nitrogen in the treatment N2 P1 K1, gave the highest yields; however the increase in yield did not produce any industrial gain: whereas the treatment N1 P1 K1 gave 32 per cent of starch, by raising the N level to N2, the starch content fell to 24 per cent; now, considering the total amount of starch present in the roots, one can see, that the increase in roots yield did not compensate for the marked decrease in the starch content; that is, the amount of starch obtained with N1 P1 K1 does not differ statistically from the quantity obtained with N2 P1 K1; as far we know facts similar to this had been observed in sugar beets and sugar cane, as a result of the interaction between nitrogen and sugar produced; the biochemical aspect of the problem is very interesting: by raising the amount of assimilable nitrogen, instead of the carbohydrates polymerize to starch, they do combine to the amino groups to give proteinaceous materials; actually, it did happen that the protein content increased from 2.91 to 5.14 per cent.

Resumo em Português:

Êste trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da Brassolis astyra God. e B. sophorae (L.), espécies muito nocivas ao coqueiro da Bahia (Cocos nucifera L.), carnaubera (Copernicia cerifera Mart.) e outras Palmáceas. Contém a sinonímia, resumo da bibliografia e a distribuição geográfica das duas espécies. Contém, além de dados biológicos, importância econômica e a natureza dos estragos causados pelos insetos, a lista das plantas hospedeiras. Apontam-se medidas de combate que incluem medidas culturais, artificiais, química, biológicas, inclusive a manutenção de parasitas. Trata também de todos os insetos parasitas das duas espécies de Brassolis. Os autores limitaram-se a dar a sinonímia, distribuição geográfica, resumo da literatura e lista dos insetos hospedeiros dos parasitas que não foram vistos. Dos parasitas obtidos pelos autores, dão-se também algumas notas biológicas e sistemáticas.

Resumo em Inglês:

The object of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of Brassolis astyra God. and B. sophorae (L.), very serious pests for coconut Palms of Bahia (Cocos nucifera L.), carnauba Palm (Copernicia cerifera Mart.) and other Palm-trees. Its synonymy, summary of bibliography and geographic distribution are given. The economic importance, the nature of injury caused by the insects, the known food-plants and the life-history and hapits are discussed summarilly. Measures of control which include cultural measures, artificial measures, biological measures including the conservation of the parasites and chimic measures also are dealt with. All the parasite insects from these species of Brassolis also are dealt with. The authors only gave the synonymy, the geographic distribution, summary of the bibliography and food-insects of the parasites which were not been. The parasite-insects obtained in laboratory by the author have also some bionomical and sistematic notes.

Resumo em Português:

O Autor relata suas observações sôbre o comportamento de doze Gramíneas forrageiras consideradas agressivas na região de Piracicaba, Estado de S. Paulo, Brasil, admitindo que as mesmas podem ser confirmadas em condições tropicais ou subtropicais semelhantes. Estuda a agressividade como uma propriedade inerente à planta, mas dependente de condições edáfico-climático-bióticas para manifestar-se de uma ou outra maneira. Admite que a agressividade, que se verifica em consequência de uma competição pela luz, pelo alimento e pela reprodução, seja uma resultante da intensidade de duas principais condições endogenas: multiplicação e crescimento, debaixo de condições de adatação exógenas favoráveis. Condições favoráveis para certas espécies são desfavoráveis para outras dando margem à dominância ora de uma ora de outra espécie, o que deve ser levado em conta quer no manejo da pastagem quer no controle às pragas. Forrageiras importantes podem vir a constituir pragas tão sérias que venham a anular tôdas as vantagens de sua introdução pelas despezas que seu contrôle possa acarretar. Entretanto, como a agressividade é uma qualidade desejável numa forrageira, o estudo de seu comportamento em cada ambiente edáfico-climático-biótico típico e de seu controle deve preceder a sua recomendação aos fazendeiros. São discutidos os prejuízos decorrentes das plantas invasoras, assinalando-se muitas Gramíneas como tais. Sendo o assunto pouco estudado no Brasil, aventa a necessidade de se criarem organizações para tal fim, considerando a importância do problema. As seguintes espécies foram objeto da crítica do A: 1. Capim Colonião (Panicum maximum, var.). Altamente invasor por sementes e disseminável pela aração. Erradicação muito custosa em terras argilosas. Pode vir a constituir uma praga muito séria num futuro próximo. Dada a expansão de sua área cultivada, recomenda: a. limitar sua plantação, recomendando-se outras espécies produtivas e menos perigosas; b. pesquizar meios eficientes e baratos de seu contrôle, achando injustificável sua presença nas fazendas velhas colonizadas. 2. Capim Sempre-vêrde (Panicum maximum, var. gongyloides). Embora igualmente agressivo é de mais fácil contrôle por possuir touceiras mais fracas, podendo ser arrancadas com arado. E' menos perigoso que o Colonião. 3. Capim Gordura (Melinis minutiflora). Conquanto muito disseminado e tipicamente invasor é de contrôle relativamente fácil. 4. Capim Jaraguá (Hyparrhenia rufa). E' pouco menos invasor que o Gordura e facilmente erradicável, sobretudo porque dificilmente se propaga vegetativamente. 5. Capim do Pará (Panicum purpurascens). De uma agressividade extremamente alta, pode ser eliminado com mediana dificuldade. Mais difícil que ns. 3 e 4 e menos de que 1 e 2. 6. Capim da Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon). Compara-se em agressividade e facilidade de controle com a Gramínea anterior. 7. Capim de Kikuiu (Pennisetum clandestinum). De comportamento variável. Em boas condições supera o C. de Bermuda na agressividade e dificuldade de erradicação. E' praga mais séria que as Gramíneas de 2 a 6. 8. Capim da Bahia (Paspalum notatum). Extremamente agressivo, embora de formação lenta. Pode vir a tornar-se uma praga séria se não fôr controlado, pois tem tendência de dominar quase todas as espécies associadas. Seu contrôle merece ser estudado, parecendo não ser muito difícil de erradicar por métodos racionais. 9. Capim de Castela (Panicum repens). E' a Gramínea estudada que maior agressividade revelou. Seu emprego deve ser limitado a quem dela possa tirar partido. E' possível que possam desenvolver-se métodos de controle práticos e eficazes, devido ao seu pequeno porte. 10. Capim de Natal (Tricholaena rosea). Dissemina-se muito por sementes, praguejando fàcilmente as terras. Tem pequeno valor forrageiro. Deve ser desaconselhado e combatido como praga. 11. Capim de Rhodes (Chloris gayana). Muito disseminado à beira dos caminhos, não é praga da lavoura e é nesta lista é mais fácil de ser erradicado. 12. Capim de Johnson (Sorghum halepense). Conhecida praga, já introduzida no Brasil. Comporta-se mal, não tendo valor como forrageira, devendo todos seus focos serem eliminados. Em Piracicaba propaga-se mais comumente por rizomas durante a aração. Foram observados casos de intoxicação de animais.

Resumo em Inglês:

This study is related the behavior of 12 species of grasses used as pasture on the tropical and semiarid conditions of Piracicaba (rainfall 1.300 mm, average anual temperature: 20°C, minimum 0ºC, maximum 35°C). Agressivity is emphazised not only as a good characteristic for permanente pasture, but too as a possibility for the forage to become a serious weed. A particular study of agressivity is presented, the economic aspect is considered, and finally local observations of the behavior of the following species are discussed: "Big Colonia" (a "Guinea grass" variety), "Evergreen" (another variety of "Guinea Grass"), "Jaraguá grass", "Para grass", "Bermuda grass", "Kikuiu grass", "Bahia grass", "Torpedo grass", "Natal grass", "Rhodes grass" and "Johnson grass", and "Molasses grass".

Resumo em Inglês:

This paper deals with some testes of Crotalaria as forage, using rabbits as laboratory animals to detect toxicity, at Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. 1. C. intermedia and C. juncea were palatable, non toxic, the last more productive. Tests on cattle are recommended and selection to improve characteristics as forage too. 2. C. incana and C. verrucosa were little palatable, probably non toxic, poor productive. 3. C. paulina, C. lanceolata (four strains), C. mysorensis, C. gratiana, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora and C. campista were toxic. This results are not according those of others AA. Others species are beeing tested since Crotalaria is a drought resistent legume on this area.

Resumo em Português:

A presente pesquisa foi realizada visando esclarecer dúvidas surgidas quando da determinação dos valores "T" (capacidade total do solo para bases de dupla troca), "S" (bases suscetíveis de dupla troca) e "H" (hidrogênio suscetível de dupla troca) de solos que receberam altas doses de vinhaça Tais valores, quando determinados pelo processo recomendado por A O. A. C. (2), desviam-se dos normais passando "S" (parte) a ser maior do que "T" (todo). Diversas porções de um mesmo solo depois de convenientemente preparadas foram tratadas em vasos de ferro zincado com doses crescentes de vinhaça como segue: Primeiro grupo (vasos 1, 2, 3 e 4): testemunhas; Sgundo grupo (vasos 5, 6, 7 e 8): incorporação de vinhaça em volume equivalente a 250.0001 por hectare; Terceiro grupo (vasos 9, 10, 11 e 12): idem ao anterior aumentando as dos»\s para 500.0001; Quarto grupo (vasos 13, 14, 15 e 16): idem com 750.0001; Quinto grupo (vasos 17, 18, 19 e 20): idem com 1.000.0001. Efetuada a incorporação e depois de sêcos ossolos à sombra, dos mesmos foram retiradas amostras (4 para cada tipo) para as respectivas análises. Estas compreenderam determinações de "T", "S" e "H" por diversos processos, baseados em lixiviação com acetato de amônio neutro e normal, com cloreto de amônio normal e cloreto de bário normal. Foram, ainda, efetuadas determinações para verificação de sais solúveis. Também foram verificados os índices pH e a possibilidade de volatilização de amoníaco durante os processos de lavagem dos solos com álcool concentrado para a retirada de excesso de reativo. Os resultados obtidos foram estudados estatisticamente revelando principalmente que a incorporação de vinhaça ao solo determina neste um aumento de seus valores "T", "S" e índice pH, e diminuição de "H". Revelaram ainda que nos solos tratados com altas doses de vinhaça o valor "T" não deve ser determinado com processos ligados a amônio-saturação (cloreto), uma vez que êste radical peptizando e solubilizando a matéria orgânica do solo faz com que se consigam valores aquém dos reais. Esta interferência é tão grande que pode conduzir ao absurdo de se ter "S" maior do que "T". Os catiônios bivalentes como cálcio e bário, apesar dos inconvenientes que apresentam, são os recomendados para êste caso.

Resumo em Inglês:

This research aims to elucidate some doubts concerning the determination of the "T" value (total capacity of exchangeable base), the "S" value (exchangeable bases) and the "H" value (exchangeable hydrogen) in soils receiving heavy amounts of vinasse (waste product obtained in distilleries after the alcohol has been distilled off). In fact, it is known that in this case the values of "S" are sometimes larger than the corresponding values of "T", which is clearly absurd. Vinasse was applied to equal amounts of soil kept in iron pots. Four replications of the folowing treatments were obtained: 1st treatment: Control; 2nd treatment: Equivalent to 250.000 liters of vinasse per hectare; 3rd treatment: Equivalent to 500.000 liters of vinasse per hectare; 4th treatment: Equivalent to 750.000 liters of vinasse per hectare; 5th treatment: Equivalent to 1.000.000 liters of vinasse per hectare; Four samples were obtained from each of the 20 pots; after the soil was dried up in the shade "T", "S" and "H" were determined in each sample, by research methods including leaching with normal solution of amonium acetate, amonium chloride and barium chloride. Soluble salts and pH were determined also, and the possibility of loss of NH3 when washing the soil with alcohol was checked up and recognized to be non-existent. The data thus obtained were submitted to statistical analysis, which showed that indeed the values of "T", "S" and pH do augment with increasing amounts of vinasse, while "H" decreases. The authors concluded also that the methods using amonium saturation (either with amonium acetate or amonium chloride) should not be used for soils receiving large amounts of vinasse, since the peptization and solubilization of abundant organic matter leads then to underestimation of the value of "T". This underestimation is so serious that sometimes the value of "T" obtained is less than the corresponding value of "S" Therefore, bivalents cathions like calcium and barium are recommended for this case, notwithstanding their defects.

Resumo em Inglês:

There is in the literature a noteworthy lack of sampling methods to be employed in the selection of papaya fruits for genetical improvement purposes. In the present experiment methods applied to melon and watermelon were extended to papaya with good results. The authors tried to correlate the solids content-as determined by a hand refractometer-with total sugars in the fruit. The correlation does exist being significant and positive. A regression equation was worked out; it permits to calculate the total sugar content provided the Brix value determined by the hand refractometer is known. The equation is as follows: a = 0.57 s where a = total amount of sugar as glucose, and s = total solids.