Fernandes, Leiliane Teixeira Bento; Nóbrega, Vanessa Medeiros da; Silva, Maria Elizabete de Amorim; Machado, Amanda Narciso; Collet, Neusa

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0553

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Brasil

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 70 (6) • Nov-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0553 copiar

Auto cuidado apoyado a niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas y sus familias

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

analizar la producción científica entre 2006 y 2015 sobre estrategias para el auto cuidado apoyado de niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas y sus familias.

Método:

revisión integradora de la literatura realizada entre julio y agosto de 2016 en las bases de datos: BDENF, LILACS, IBECS, ADOLEC, MEDLINE/PubMed y SCIELO. Los 27 estudios seleccionados fueron analizados y categorizados en los cinco pilares del auto cuidado apoyado: evaluación, asesoramiento, acuerdo, asistencia y acompañamiento.

Resultados:

apenas dos estudios abarcaron los cinco pilares, siendo lo más evidenciado la evaluación, sin embargo el acompañamiento se mostró imprescindible para adhesión a las terapéuticas del plan de metas. Han prevalecido las acciones, evaluaciones del estado emocional del niño/adolescente/familia e intervenciones tecnológicas para empoderar el individuo en el auto cuidado.

Consideraciones finales:

las referidas acciones están concentradas en países con sistemas de salud direccionados a las necesidades de salud de personas con enfermedades crónicas. En Brasil, eso todavía es incipiente, pues las acciones están centradas en agudizaciones.

Descriptores:
Niño; Adolescente; Familia; Enfermedad Crónica; Auto Cuidado

Database	Located	Excluded	Selected
BDENF/BIREME	00	00	00
IBECS	01	01	00
ADOLEC	01	00	01
LILACS/BIREME	01	01	00
MEDLINE/Pubmed	102	76	26
SciELO	02	02	00
Total	107	80	27

Title	Year Country	Study Design	Intervention	Result
Predictors of Health Literacy and Numeracy Concordance Among Adolescents With Special Health Care Needs and Their Parents	2015 EUA	Quantitative, exploratory N = 278 pairs	Exploration of the relationships between health literacy of adolescents with special health needs and their parents.	More than half of the pairs have at least one member with inadequate health literacy.
Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study	2015 Canada	Quantitative qualitative, prospective cohort N = 50	Implementation of an organizational tool to establish health goals for young people with chronic disease.	Participants reported that interventions were most useful for setting goals.
Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: Transition to home and chronic illness care	2015 EUA	Quantitative, prospective, longitudinal N = 51	Evaluation of parents' preparation for hospital discharge.	Parents prepared to leave the hospital had less difficulty coping with the impact of the disease on the family.
Development and validation of a generic scale for use in transition programmes to measure self-management skills in adolescents with chronic health conditions: the TRANSITION-Q	2015 Canada	Quantitative N = 369	Development of a self-management skills scale for adolescents with chronic disease.	The study provided evidence of the reliability and validity of Transition-Q.
iCanCope with Pain™: User-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs	2014 Canada	Qualitative N = 23	Evaluation of the need to develop an online self-management program on chronic pain for adolescents.	The perceptions of young people with chronic pain were crucial for the development of the bases of the iCanCope with Pain program.
Using focused ethnography in paediatric settings to explore professionals' and parents' attitudes towards expertise in managing chronic kidney disease stage 3–5	2014 United Kingdom	Qualitative, ethnographic N = 12 countries, 28 health professionals	Discussion on the ways in which health professionals and parents share knowledge about the child's condition.	Focused ethnography was effective in gaining insights into parent-professional interactions in a pediatric setting.
Provider Awareness Alone Does Not Improve Transition Readiness Skills in Adolescent Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease	2014 Holland, USA and Canada	Quantitative N = 415 patients	Analysis of the role of health professional education in self-management and acquisition of patient skills.	Increased awareness about the aptitude of pediatric caregivers in the transition process.
Medication treatment complexity and adherence in children with CKD	2014 Canada	Quantitative, transversal N = 558	Evaluation of the complexity in management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in children.	Comprehensive summary of adherence or non-compliance among children to the use of drugs in the treatment of CKD.
Collaborative Chronic Care Networks (C3Ns) to Transform Chronic Illness Care	2013 EUA	Quantitative N = not given	Construction of a prototype health care network for the chronically ill.	C3Ns^* * Collaborative Chronic Care Networks (C3Ns) have the potential to become an active and collaborative innovation network for users, families, physicians and researchers.
Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric specialty outpatients	2013 Canada	Quantitative N = 926	Analysis on the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) by families of children/adolescents with chronic disease.	The results of this study indicate that CAM use is high among pediatric outpatients.
Variables associated with the use of dental services among preschool population in Spain: a national health survey analysis	2012 Spain	Quantitative, transversal N = 2172	Analysis of the prevalence of oral health services use for preschoolers.	The use of dental services is below average for preschoolers.
Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis	2012 Brazil	Quantitative, prospective, longitudinal N = 10	Investigation on the effects of a physical exercise program in patients with mild or chronic juvenile dermatomyositis.	The exercise program showed a significant result in patients' quality of life.
Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department	2012 Canada	Quantitative N = 80	Validation of illustrations to be incorporated into an asthma self-management plan.	A total of 15 illustrations for educational material on levels of control and common triggers of asthma were validated.
Factors Associated With Parental Activation in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant	2012 EUA	Quantitative N = 198 pairs	Analysis of the factors associated to mothers' role in the health of the child in the mother-child dyad before transplantation.	The model identified the effective role of mothers in relation to self-efficacy and parenting.
Evaluating Treatment Participation in an Internet-Based Behavioral Intervention for Pediatric Chronic Pain	2012 EUA	Quantitative, randomized controlled N = 26 pairs	Participation of families of adolescents with chronic pain in a behavioral management of pain program.	The majority of families participated actively in the intervention and interacted with an online coach for disease management.
Paediatric parenting stress in inflammatory bowel disease: application of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents	2012 EUA	Quantitative N = 62	Analysis of parental stress and identification of associated factors in parents of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.	Caregivers of adolescents receiving ambulatory care or in the inactive phase of the disease presented low rates of parental stress.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of persistent functional somatic complaints and pediatric anxiety: an initial controlled trial	2011 EUA	Quantitative, controlled pilot N = 40	A test to assess the viability and efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for pain among young people with anxiety.	The intervention showed preliminary efficacy and feasibility for application among young people.
Provider Demonstration and Assessment of Child Device Technique During Pediatric Asthma Visits	2011 EUA	Quantitative N = 41 providers, 296 patients	Research and description on the use of devices for the treatment of asthma by children.	Deficit of health professionals in the demonstration and monitoring of techniques for the use of asthma treatment devices by children.
Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial	2011 EUA	Quantitative, randomized controlled, pilot N = not given	Viability test of an intervention to support adolescents with chronic pain.	The results of the intervention will depend on the success of the training program that is still under development.
Socio-economic factors and outcomes in chronic lung disease of prematurity	2011 EUA	Quantitative N = 135	Evaluation of the effects of economic factors in the use of relief medication in children with pulmonary disease of prematurity.	Non-white individuals were more likely to use relief medication than whites.
Living Profiles: Design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs	2010 EUA	Quantitative N = not given	Broad design of a health media platform for adolescents with special health needs.	Introduced the concept of a health media platform to help manage the well-being of adolescents with special health needs.
Health Professionals' Attitudes Towards Using a Web 2.0 Portal for Child and Adolescent Diabetes Care: Qualitative Study	2009 Sweden	Qualitative N = 20	Investigation into the attitudes of pediatric professionals with the introduction of a website for use by patients with Type 1 Diabetes.	Pediatric practitioners reported a number of positive attitudes towards introducing a site into their clinical practice.
Objective versus Subjective Assessment of Oral Medication Adherence in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease	2009 EUA	Quantitative N = 42	Examination of prevalence and frequency of lack of adherence with oral medication in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.	The prevalence of nonadherence to medication is no different from populations with other pediatric chronic diseases, and the frequency of doses missed by patients is 40-50%.
Small steps to health: building sustainable partnerships in pediatric obesity care	2009 EUA	Quantitative N = 9 clinics	Project to improve the quality of life in children living with pediatric obesity.	The model may be applicable elsewhere to develop quality of life improvement programs for obese children.
Validation of a self-report questionnaire version of the Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI): The CALI-21	2008 EUA	Quantitative, exploratory N = 155	Validation, internal consistency and reliability of the CALI-21 questionnaire in children and adolescents with chronic pain.	The CALI-21 showed good internal consistency, high reliability and construct validity.
Internet Telehealth for Pediatric Asthma Case Management: Integrating Computerized and Case Manager Features for Tailoring a Web-Based Asthma Education Program	2007 EUA	Quantitative N = not given	Description of an eHealth asthma system integrated with monthly phone call for asthma case management.	Development of a web site by doctors, researchers, designers and parents to help parents control their children's asthma.
A multi-method assessment of treatment adherence for children with cystic fibrosis	2006 EUA	Quantitative N = 37	Documentation of adherence rates to medical regimens for children with cystic fibrosis using four measurement methods.	The measurement provided unique information on adherence rates according to type of treatment component.

Methodology "5As"
Evaluation
To evaluate the knowledge of the child/adolescent and/or family about the health condition⁽¹⁸18 Chisolm DJ, Sarkar M, Kelleher KJ, Sanders LM. Predictors of health literacy and numeracy concordance among adolescents with special health care needs and their parents. J Health Commun[Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];20(Suppl2):S43-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4699417/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Question the child/adolescent and/or his/her family about their strategies for self-care⁽¹⁹19 Nightingale R, Sinha MD, Swallow V. Using focused ethnography in paediatric settings to explore professionals' and parents' attitudes towards expertise in managing chronic kidney disease stage 3-5. BMC Health Serv Res[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];18(14):403-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4176584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾
Ask the child/adolescent and/or family what are the barriers to self-care⁽²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,²³23 Palermo TM, Lewandowski AS, Long AC, Burant CJ. Validation of a self-report questionnaire version of the Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI): the CALI-21. Pain[Internet]. 2008 [cited 2016 Jul 31];139(3):644-52. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3166250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
To assess the importance and degree of confidence of the child/adolescent and/or family for self-care⁽¹⁹19 Nightingale R, Sinha MD, Swallow V. Using focused ethnography in paediatric settings to explore professionals' and parents' attitudes towards expertise in managing chronic kidney disease stage 3-5. BMC Health Serv Res[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];18(14):403-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4176584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
To evaluate the child/adolescent and/or family adherence in activities present in the self-care plan⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁴24 Blydt-Hansen TD, Pierce CB, Cai Y, Samsonov D, Massengill S, Moxey-Mims M, et al. Medication treatment complexity and adherence in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];9(2):247-54. Available From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3913241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... 25 Pennarola BW, Rodday AM, Mayer DK, Ratichek SJ, Davies SM, Syrjala KL, et al. Factors associated with parental activation in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Med Care Res Rev[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];69(2):194-214. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4160822/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... 26 Lapresa LB, Sanz-Barbero B. Variables associated with the use of dental services among preschool population in spain: a national health survey analysis. Rev Esp Salud Publica[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];86(1):115-24. Available from: http://www.msssi.gob.es/bibliopublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/vol86/vol86_1/rs861c_115.pdf http://www.msssi.gob.es/bibliopublic/pub... 27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... 28 Hommel KA, Davis CM, Baldassano RN. Objective versus subjective assessment of oral medication adherence in pediatric. Inflamm Bowel Dis[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];15(4):589-93. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663377/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-²⁹29 Modi AC, Lim CS, Yu N, Geller D, Wagner MH, Quittner AL. A multi-method assessment of treatment adherence for children with Cystic Fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros[Internet]. 2006 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(3):177-85. Available from: http://www.cysticfibrosisjournal.com/article/s1569-1993(06)00034-8/fulltext http://www.cysticfibrosisjournal.com/art... ⁾
To evaluate the capacity of the patients and/or family to perform an intervention⁽¹⁴14 Sleath B, Carpenter DM, Ayala GX, Williams D, Davis S, Tudor G, et al. Communication during pediatric asthma visits and child asthma medication device technique 1 month later. J Asthma [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];49(9):918-25. Available from: Http://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Doi/Full/10.3109/02770903.2012.719250?Scroll=Top&Needaccess=True Http://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Doi/Full/10.3... ^,¹⁹19 Nightingale R, Sinha MD, Swallow V. Using focused ethnography in paediatric settings to explore professionals' and parents' attitudes towards expertise in managing chronic kidney disease stage 3-5. BMC Health Serv Res[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];18(14):403-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4176584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁰30 Lerret SM, Weiss ME, Stendahl GL, Chapman S, Menendez J, Williams L, et al. Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: transition to home and chronic illness care. Pediatr Transplant[Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):118-29. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4280334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
To determine the strategies used by the child/adolescent with chronic disease for rehabilitation/coping⁽²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,³¹31 Adams D, Dagenais S, Clifford T, Baydala L, King WJ, Hervas-Malo M, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric specialty outpatients. Pediatrics[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jul 31];131(2):225-32. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2013/01/08/peds.2012-1220.full.pdf http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ⁾
To assess the emotional state (depression, mood, anxiety, etc.) of the child/adolescent and/or the family, which may influence self-care actions⁽¹³13 Warner CM, Colognori D, Kim RE, Reigada LC, Klein RG, Browner-Elhanan KJ, et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of persistent functional somatic complaints and pediatric anxiety: an initial controlled trial. Depress Anxiety[Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];28(7):551-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128648/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²³23 Palermo TM, Lewandowski AS, Long AC, Burant CJ. Validation of a self-report questionnaire version of the Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI): the CALI-21. Pain[Internet]. 2008 [cited 2016 Jul 31];139(3):644-52. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3166250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁰30 Lerret SM, Weiss ME, Stendahl GL, Chapman S, Menendez J, Williams L, et al. Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: transition to home and chronic illness care. Pediatr Transplant[Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):118-29. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4280334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³²32 Guilfoyle SM, Denson LA, Baldassano RN, Hommel KA. Paediatric parenting stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: application of the pediatric inventory for parents. Child Care Health Dev[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];38(2):273-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3123674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ⁾
To evaluate the process of health care transition (HCT) from pediatric to adult-centered health care delivery systems⁽¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,¹⁸18 Chisolm DJ, Sarkar M, Kelleher KJ, Sanders LM. Predictors of health literacy and numeracy concordance among adolescents with special health care needs and their parents. J Health Commun[Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];20(Suppl2):S43-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4699417/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,³⁴34 Klassen AF, Grant C, Barr R, Brill H, Kraus OC, Ronen GM, et al. Development and validation of a generic scale for use in transition programmes to measure self-management skills in adolescents with chronic health conditions: the TRANSITION-Q. Child Care Health Dev[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];41(4):547-58. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cch.12207/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11... ^-³⁵35 Fishman LN, Ziniel SI, Adrichem ME, Fernandes SM, Arnold J. Provider awareness alone does not improve transition readiness skills in adolescent patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];59(2):221-4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24762453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Counseling
Inform the child/adolescent and/or family about the symptoms of the disease and/or therapeutic measures⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁶36 Nordqvist C, Hanberger L, Timpka T, Nordfeldt S. Health professionals attitudes towards using a web 2.0 portal for child and adolescent diabetes care: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];11(2):E12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2762803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾, while recognizing the cultural uniqueness⁽¹⁹19 Nightingale R, Sinha MD, Swallow V. Using focused ethnography in paediatric settings to explore professionals' and parents' attitudes towards expertise in managing chronic kidney disease stage 3-5. BMC Health Serv Res[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];18(14):403-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4176584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Inform the child/adolescent and/or family that behavioral changes are as important as taking medications ⁽²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
To report the evidence on behavioral changes in health⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Sharing evidence-based clinical guidelines to encourage the child/adolescent and/or family to participate in treatment⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁵35 Fishman LN, Ziniel SI, Adrichem ME, Fernandes SM, Arnold J. Provider awareness alone does not improve transition readiness skills in adolescent patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];59(2):221-4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24762453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Provide educational material on self-management⁽¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁶36 Nordqvist C, Hanberger L, Timpka T, Nordfeldt S. Health professionals attitudes towards using a web 2.0 portal for child and adolescent diabetes care: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];11(2):E12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2762803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-³⁷37 Law EF, Murphy LK, Palermo TM. Evaluating treatment participation in an internet-based behavioral intervention for pediatric chronic pain. J Pediatr Psychol[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];37(8):893-903. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3437681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Include motivational strategies ⁽¹⁵15 Pomietto M, Docter AD, Van Borkulo N, Alfonsi L, Krieger J, Liu LL. Small steps to health: building sustainable partnerships in pediatric obesity care. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];123 (Suppl 5):S308-16. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/123/supplement_5/s308.long http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ⁾
Agreement
Provide possible options for defining the goal of self-care⁽¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^-¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾
Encourage the child/adolescent to seek the help of relatives and friends for goal setting⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Establish shared strategies for reaching the defined goal⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Care
Refer the child/adolescent and/or family to a group or self-care course (self-management)⁽²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Identify possible resources in the family and community that can support self-care⁽¹⁵15 Pomietto M, Docter AD, Van Borkulo N, Alfonsi L, Krieger J, Liu LL. Small steps to health: building sustainable partnerships in pediatric obesity care. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];123 (Suppl 5):S308-16. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/123/supplement_5/s308.long http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ⁾
Establish an intervention program, with weekly sessions, with the aim of improving the knowledge of the child/adolescent and/or the family and involving them in self-care⁽²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁷37 Law EF, Murphy LK, Palermo TM. Evaluating treatment participation in an internet-based behavioral intervention for pediatric chronic pain. J Pediatr Psychol[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];37(8):893-903. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3437681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-³⁸38 Omori CH, Silva CA, Sallum AM, Pereira RMR, Pinto ALS, Roschel H, et al. Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];64(8):1186-94. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21684/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾
Implement a self-care intervention centered on the patient and/or his/her family⁽²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁸38 Omori CH, Silva CA, Sallum AM, Pereira RMR, Pinto ALS, Roschel H, et al. Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];64(8):1186-94. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21684/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾
Promoting multi-professional teamwork⁽²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁸38 Omori CH, Silva CA, Sallum AM, Pereira RMR, Pinto ALS, Roschel H, et al. Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];64(8):1186-94. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21684/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾
Interventions using technological resources, such as telemedicine, virtual reality and computer programs, in various aspects of rehabilitation⁽⁴4 Margolis PA, Peterson LE, Seid M. Collaborative Chronic Care Networks (C3Ns) to transform chronic illness care. Pediatrics[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jul 31];131(Suppl4):S219-23. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/supplement_4/s219.long http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ^,¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^-¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ^,³⁶36 Nordqvist C, Hanberger L, Timpka T, Nordfeldt S. Health professionals attitudes towards using a web 2.0 portal for child and adolescent diabetes care: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];11(2):E12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2762803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-³⁷37 Law EF, Murphy LK, Palermo TM. Evaluating treatment participation in an internet-based behavioral intervention for pediatric chronic pain. J Pediatr Psychol[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];37(8):893-903. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3437681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Accompaniment
Distance monitoring (by phone or mail) of the self-care plan⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ^,³⁷37 Law EF, Murphy LK, Palermo TM. Evaluating treatment participation in an internet-based behavioral intervention for pediatric chronic pain. J Pediatr Psychol[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];37(8):893-903. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3437681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾
Helping the person to use important community resources in his/her self-care⁽¹⁵15 Pomietto M, Docter AD, Van Borkulo N, Alfonsi L, Krieger J, Liu LL. Small steps to health: building sustainable partnerships in pediatric obesity care. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];123 (Suppl 5):S308-16. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/123/supplement_5/s308.long http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ⁾
Groups of pairs with professional support⁽¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^-¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,²⁷27 Allen LB, Tsao JC, Hayes LP, Zeltzer LK. Peer mentorship to promote effective pain management in adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jul 31];12:132. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3113991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁸38 Omori CH, Silva CA, Sallum AM, Pereira RMR, Pinto ALS, Roschel H, et al. Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];64(8):1186-94. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21684/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾
Accompany the child/adolescent and/or the family through questionnaires that assess activities of daily living, self-care and/or quality of life in a continuous form⁽³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ⁾
Analyzing the achievement of goals in conjunction with the patient⁽³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ⁾
Implement a self-care intervention centered on the patient and/or his/her family⁽¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²⁰20 Tulloch J, Irwin D, Pascuet E, Vaillancourt R. Evaluation, modification and validation of a set of asthma illustrations in children with chronic asthma in the emergency department. Can Respir J[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(1):26-31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3299044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,³⁸38 Omori CH, Silva CA, Sallum AM, Pereira RMR, Pinto ALS, Roschel H, et al. Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Care Res[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];64(8):1186-94. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21684/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾
Interventions using technological resources to empower the individual in self-care actions⁽⁴4 Margolis PA, Peterson LE, Seid M. Collaborative Chronic Care Networks (C3Ns) to transform chronic illness care. Pediatrics[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jul 31];131(Suppl4):S219-23. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/supplement_4/s219.long http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/co... ^,¹⁶16 Gorter JW, Stewart D, Cohen E, Hlyva O, Morrison A, Galuppi B, et al. Are two youth-focused interventions sufficient to empower youth with chronic health conditions in their transition to adult healthcare: a mixed-methods longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Jul 31];5(5):E007553. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4431136/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^-¹⁷17 Wise M, Gustafson DH, Sorkness CA, Molfenter T, Staresinic A, Meis T, et al. Internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management: integrating computerized and case manager features for tailoring a web-based asthma education program. Health Promot Pract[Internet]. 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 31];8(3):282-91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2366971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^,²¹21 Stinson JN, Lalloo C, Harris L, Isaac L, Campbell F, Brown S, et al. iCancope With Pain(tm): user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs. Pain Res Manag[Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jul 31];19(5):257-65. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4197753/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ^,³³33 Chira P, Nugent L, Miller K, Park T, Donahue S, Soni A, et al. Living profiles: design of a health media platform for teens with special healthcare needs. J Biomed Inform[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016 Jul 31];43(5Suppl):S9-12. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s1532-0464(10)00066-3 tp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pi... ^,³⁶36 Nordqvist C, Hanberger L, Timpka T, Nordfeldt S. Health professionals attitudes towards using a web 2.0 portal for child and adolescent diabetes care: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2016 Jul 31];11(2):E12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2762803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ^-³⁷37 Law EF, Murphy LK, Palermo TM. Evaluating treatment participation in an internet-based behavioral intervention for pediatric chronic pain. J Pediatr Psychol[Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jul 31];37(8):893-903. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3437681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Leiliane Teixeira Bento Fernandes E-mail: leilianeufpb@gmail.com