Saturación teórica en investigación cualitativa: relato de experiencia en la entrevista con escolares

Nascimento, Luciana de Cassia Nunes; Souza, Tania Vignuda de; Oliveira, Isabel Cristina dos Santos; Moraes, Juliana Rezende Montenegro Medeiros de; Aguiar, Rosane Cordeiro Burla de; Silva, Liliane Faria da

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0616

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EXPERIENCE REPORT • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (1) • Jan-Feb 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0616 copiar

Saturación teórica en investigación cualitativa: relato de experiencia en la entrevista con escolares

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Relatar la experiencia en la aplicación técnica de saturación teórica de datos en investigación cualitativa con escolares.

Método:

Lectura crítica de fuentes primarias y compilación de datos brutos, continuadas por agrupado temático mediante codificación colorimétrica y ubicación de los temas/tipos de enunciado en un cuadro para constatación de saturación teórica de cada grupo.

Resultados:

La codificación colorimétrica se realizó según los temas previamente establecidos: hidratación corporal; bromas y actividades físicas; manejo de la enfermedad falciforme, alimentación y ropas utilizadas. En la decimoprimera entrevista fue posible alcanzar la saturación teórica de los temas, realizándose luego cuatro entrevistas más.

Conclusión:

Este relato de experiencia permitió describir los cinco pasos seguidos secuencialmente para la identificación de saturación teórica de datos en una investigación cualitativa desarrollada con escolares.

Descriptores:
Validación de Datos; Investigación Cualitativa; Muestreo; Colecta de Datos; Niño

Researcher	Schoolchild	Themes
R: How do you usually play?	S: Hide and seek behind my grandmother’s house, in the shade. That is because I get ill under the sun, with pain in my back, in my stomach, in my arm, in my leg and headaches because of the sickle cell anemia. That is when a person feels pain.	Play and physical activities
R: Are there any games that you think can influence your health? Why?	S: Pool. When I stay in too long, I feel arm pain, stomach pain, back pain, leg pain... because there is a pool in my house, then, when I got in and stayed in too long with my cousin, I felt pain.	Play and physical activities
R: I understand. And what do you usually eat?	S: Macaroni and filled cookies.	Feeding
R: Among the foods you usually eat, which ones are good for your health?	S: Rice, beans, meat and salad and sausage.
R: And among the foods you usually eat, which ones are not good for your health?	S: And candy. My mom said I cannot eat candy.
R: I understand. I want to know if you take any medication, drugs at home?	S: Hydroxyurea, not to feel pain.	Handling of sickle cell disease
R: With whom did you learn this information on the drugs?	S: With the doctor. She said I have to take them. Back home, my mother put the powder that came inside the capsule in water for me to drink, but it did not work. I did not improve, so, I had to take it whole.
R: Who takes care of you when you are sick?	S: My mom. She gives me medicine. And when my pain increases, she goes to the hospital with me.
R: And what do you do to take care of your health?	S: I take some medicine and go to the doctor.
R: What do you usually drink in breakfast, lunch, snack time, dinner and in-between?	S: Water, pop, chocolate milk, juice, a little. In the school, water, a little.	Bodily hydration
R: How is it to you to use the school bathroom?	S: You always can, but when we go inside the classroom, the teacher does not allow us. We have to drink water and go to the bathroom so we do not feel the need.
R: Why is it important to drink liquids?	S: Because we die if we do not drink water.
R: And among these liquids you usually drink, which ones are good for your health?	S: Water, pop...
R: And among the liquids you usually drink, which ones are not good for the health?	S: None here.
R: Let us discuss clothing, then? How do you usually dress in cold days?	S: Coat, pants, sweater and a cap.	Clothes
R: Why do you dress like that when it is cold?	S: Because.
R: And when the day is too hot?	S: Light clothes.
R: Does someone tell you how you should dress?	S: Yes, my mother. When it is cold, she tells me to put on pants and sweaters. When it is hot, to put on a blouse and shorts.

Schoolchild	Report from schoolchildren on types of liquids ingested
E1	milk with coffee...tea. I like chamomile, chocolate milk... I do not like milk so much...I drink soda...natural juices. At school, water, too. (C1, 12 years)
E2	Juice and milk...Water and juice... made of cocoa... Yeah... made with those icy bags (pulp)... sometimes it is milk...water...and pop, too. At school I drink juice, one glass (C2, 7 years)
E3	Milk, water and juice. At school, I drink juice and chocolate milk (C3, 10 years)
E4	Sometimes I drink coffee... Sometimes, I drink juice... Water, milk, tea. At school, juice... Sometimes, because I do not like some juices...I drink milk and banana smoothies. A full glass, but I do not drink it all. (C4, 12 years)
E5	At school, I drink juice, chocolate milk, water, coffee. At home, I drink very little. At my aunt's, I drink one glass of chocolate milk (C5, 9 years)
E6	Water, a lot during the day because there is no soda at my house. At school I drink water, two glasses (C6, 6 years)
E7	Water, pop, chocolate milk, juice, a little. At school, water, a little (C7, 6 years)
E8	At school, I drink a glass of chocolate milk, juice. They do not give you anything to drink with lunch at school. Then, when I finish eating, I drink water from the fountain. At home, I drink coffee, a box of juice or soda (C8, 12 years).
E9	At home I drink half a glass of coffee, half a glass of soda. And at school, lots of water, but always in half glasses (C9, 12 years)
E10	Coffee. Juice, milk and sugar, water (C10, 12 years)
E11	Coffee, I drink water, chocolate milk (C11, 10 years)
E12	Milk with coffee and juice at school. (At home) tea when it is late at night... First I drink water, then I drink coffee and milk. Sometimes, chocolate milk. Juice... Juice and water (C12, 11 years)
E13	Milk with coffee at school. Coffee, water, milk... Tea, chocolate milk, sometimes, at home (C13, 12 years)
E14	Milk or chocolate milk, juice when I wake up and after that, water (C14, 11 years)
E15	Chocolate milk, coffee, at school. Juice and water at home (C15, 6 years)

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[1] AUTOR CORRESPONDIENTE Luciana de Cassia Nunes Nascimento E-mail: lcnnascimento@yahoo.com.br