La Salud del Trabajador en Brasil: Accidentes registrados por el Seguro Social de 2008 a 2014

Bezerra, Josierton Cruz; Arantes, Luciano José; Shimizu, Helena Eri; Merchán-Hamann, Edgar; Ramalho, Walter Massa

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (6) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0892 copiar

La Salud del Trabajador en Brasil: Accidentes registrados por el Seguro Social de 2008 a 2014

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

analizar la incidencia de los accidentes de trabajo en Brasil, registrados por la Seguro Social, según las regiones geográficas, grupo de edad, sexo y su prevalencia de acuerdo con las causas y rama de actividad económica.

Métodos:

estudio descriptivo ecológico con análisis de serie temporal en el período de 2008 a 2014. Los datos del inicio y del final de la serie histórica se compararon en cada unidad ecológica estudiada.

Resultados:

las regiones Sur y Sudeste, el sexo masculino, el grupo de edad entre 20 y 49 años presentaron las mayores caídas de las incidencias. El 70,87% de las causas ocurrieron en el grupo XIX de la CID-10. La actividad económica con mayor prevalencia de accidentes fue la industria de transformación.

Conclusiones:

los accidentes de trabajo disminuyeron en Brasil, sin embargo, la incidencia aún es alta. Se necesitan avances en el registro de los accidentes y en las acciones de prevención y de vigilancia a la salud del trabajador.

Descriptores:
Accidentes de Trabajo; Salud Laboral; Seguridad Social; Flujo de Trabajo, Prevención de Accidentes

Ecological Units		2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Brazil	Accidents	755,854	733,265	709,340	720,509	713,889	725,589	712,207
	Workers	53,964,928	55,877,835	60,197,924	64,292,255	67,246,063	69,837,123	71,493,806
Gender
Male	Accidents	549,832	527,851	508,285	510,528	501,035	500,071	484,391
	Workers	30,759,230	31,404,280	33,332,706	35,200,587	36,607,382	38,253,184	38,495,865
Female	Accidents	206,022	205,414	201,055	209,981	212,854	225,518	227,816
	Workers	21,906,908	22,922,107	24,656,781	26,685,449	28,658,514	30,822,253	30,352,418
Region
South	Accidents	172,187	166,408	158,449	155,461	150,548	159,261	158,966
	Workers	9,590,076	9,965,741	10,632,848	11,283,605	11,715,548	12,201,054	12,646,690
Southeast	Accidents	415,013	392,393	382,154	391,279	390,961	394,678	382,984
	Workers	29,072,532	30,061,006	32,130,617	34,175,703	35,497,860	36,688,665	37,333,834
Middle-west	Accidents	52,439	51,312	47,712	48,317	49,550	51,786	50,366
	Workers	4,184,814	4,406,813	4,789,310	5,164,176	5,457,216	5,683,942	5,903,647
Northeast	Accidents	85,931	92,132	91,269	93,686	90,572	88,014	87,526
	Workers	8,282,576	8,820,354	9,753,241	10,532,912	11,230,274	11,744,452	12,077,360
North	Accidents	30,290	31,020	29,756	31,766	32,262	31,850	31,832
	Workers	2,442,803	2,545,181	2,807,684	3,044,201	3,260,326	3,410,205	3,428,299
Age range
Up to 19 years
Male	Accidents	21,504	17,763	18,378	19,154	18,939	19,057	17,762
	Workers	1,309,481	1,201,193	1,283,648	1,495,965	1,718,304	1,811,369	1,682,729
Female	Accidents	4,832	4,396	4,593	4,890	4,850	5,501	5,478
	Workers	920,677	871,620	945,002	1,114,894	1,326,898	1,438,277	1,273,936
20 to 49 years
Male	Accidents	464,874	444,307	426,460	425,281	415,331	412,252	397,990
	Workers	24,873,938	25,316,728	26,718,519	27,968,378	28,674,808	29,800,139	29,812,336
Female	Accidents	175,050	173,935	170,011	176,803	178,984	187,940	189,126
	Workers	17,843,70	18,600,209	19,895,160	21,414,248	22,587,141	24,167,438	23,596,333
50 to 64 years
Male	Accidents	61,868	64,069	61,775	64,175	64,720	66,493	66,043
	Workers	4,154,032	4,446,529	4,859,764	5,271,383	5,642,046	6,011,905	6,318,730
Female	Accidents	25,671	26,560	25,960	27,706	28,459	31,325	32,436
	Workers	2,927,272	3,221,340	3,571,709	3,994,972	4,437,955	4,873,023	5,099,324
65 years or more
Male	Accidents	1,586	1,712	1,672	1,918	2,045	2,269	2,596
	Workers	396,045	417,305	450,633	498,819	556,814	616,514	668,790
Female	Accidents	469	523	491	582	561	752	776
	Workers	200,712	216,829	234,535	264,988	298,956	337,296	365,481

Ecological Units		2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	% of reduction
Brazil		14.01	13.12	11.78	11.20	10.61	10.39	9.85	29.69
Regions
South		17.96	16.70	14.89	13.63	12.85	13.08	12.44	30.71
Southeast		14.28	13.05	11.89	11.30	11.01	10.79	10.16	28.82
Middle-west		12.42	11.65	9.95	9.31	9.08	9.13	8.53	31.31
Northeast		10.12	10.45	9.35	8.71	8.07	7.52	7.10	29.86
North		12.40	12.19	10.66	10.20	9.90	9.36	9.12	26.47
Gender
Male		17.88	16.81	15.20	14.32	13.65	13.07	12.44	30.42
Female		9.41	8.96	8.11	7.76	7.40	7.32	7.42	21.12
Age range
Up to 19 years old	Male	16.42	14.79	13.63	12.70	10.93	10.52	10.93	33.46
	Female	5.25	5.04	4.59	4.36	3.62	3.82	4.27	18.56
	Total	11.76	10.69	9.78	9.06	7.73	7.55	7.64	35.06
From 20 to 49 years old	Male	18.69	17.55	15.94	15.06	14.44	13.83	13.21	29.30
	Female	9.81	9.35	8.51	8.19	7.89	7.78	7.93	19.20
	Total	14.95	14.07	12.76	12.07	11.54	11.11	10.69	28.54
From 50 to 64 years old	Male	14.89	14.41	12.71	11.86	11.46	11.06	10.25	31.20
	Female	8.77	8.25	7.26	6.80	6.40	6.43	6.26	28.59
	Total	12.35	11.82	10.40	9.67	9.23	8.98	8.38	32.14
65 years and over	Male	4.00	4.10	3.71	3.78	3.67	3.68	3.82	4.53
	Female	2.34	2.41	2.09	2.17	1.87	2.23	2.08	10.77
	Total	3.44	3.52	3.15	3.22	3.04	3.17	3.19	7.28

Disease Groups	N	%	Accident Cause	N	% in cause groups
Injuries, poisonings and some other consequences of external causes	3,594,403	70.87	Hand and wrist Injury	511,092	14.22
			Fracture at wrist and hand level	344,369	9.58
			Superficial trauma of the wrist and hand	241,080	6.71
			Dislocation, sprain and distension of the joints and ligaments at the ankle and foot level	196,032	5.45
			Leg fracture including ankle	168,715	4.69
Osteomuscular and connective tissue diseases	816,170	16.09	Dorsalgia	287,647	35.24
			Shoulder injuries	150,620	18.45
			Synovitis and tenosynovitis	111,232	13.63
			Other disorders of intervertebral discs	47,620	5.83
			Other joint disorders not elsewhere classified	43,358	5.31
External causes of morbidity and mortality	142,633	2.81	Dog Bite or Blow	11,227	7.87
			Accidental cutting, puncture, perforation or bleeding during medical or surgical care	8,595	6.03
			Accident not specified during the provision of medical and surgical care	6,138	4.3
			Contact with sharp or penetrating object, undetermined intent	5,801	4.07
			Aggression by sharp or penetrating object	5,231	3.67
Mental and behavioral disorders	122,739	2.42	Reactions to severe stress and adaptation disorders	52,351	42.65
			Depressive episodes	29,464	24.01
			Other anxious disorders	18,535	15.1
			Recurrent depressive disorder	7,592	6.19
			Bipolar affective disorder	3,567	2.91
Factors influencing health status and contact with health services	111,015	2.19	Contact with and exposure to communicable diseases	51,831	46.69
			Occupational Exposure to Risk Factors	17,341	15.62
			Examination and observation for other reasons	10,142	9.14
			Problems related to other psychosocial circumstances	9,582	8.63
			General examination and investigation of people with no reported complaints or diagnoses	6,004	5.41
Diseases of the nervous system	56,322	1.11	Mononeuropathies of the upper limbs	48,638	86.36
			Epilepsy	1,150	2.04
			Root and nerve plexus disorders	1,097	1.95
			Mononeuropathies of lower limbs	854	1.52
			Compressions of roots and nerve plexuses in diseases classified elsewhere	613	1.09

Branch of activity	N	%	Most occupations	N	% in the brach activity
Manufacturing Industries	1,608,645	31.72	Manufacture of raw sugar	108,485	6.74
			Slaughter of Pigs, Poultry other small animals	80,445	5.0
			Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles	51,646	3.21
			Slaughter Reses, except Pigs	47,118	2.93
			Manufacture of wearing apparel except underwear	46,778	2.91
Trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	667,936	13.17	Retail sale of merchandise, hypermarkets and supermarkets	150,435	22.52
			Retail Hardware store, Wood and building material	55,042	8.24
			Trade in Parts and Accessories for Motor Vehicles	35,841	5.37
			Retail Sale of Other New Products	25,904	3.88
			Wholesaler of beverages	23,947	3.59
Human health and social services	441,638	8.71	Hospital Care Activities	359,956	81.5
			Complementary Services Activities	22,137	5.01
			Ambulatory Care Activities Performed by Doctors and Dentists	15,632	3.54
			Unspecified human health care activities	13,844	3.13
			Social work services without accommodation	12,023	2.72
Construction	402,066	7.93	Building Construction	141,353	35.17
			Works for the Generation and Distribution of Electricity and for Telecommunications	41,409	10.3
			Construction of Highways and Railways	38,781	9.64
			Non-Specific Civil Engineering Works	28,145	7.0
			Incorporation of Real Estate Developments	25,271	6.28
Transport, storage and mail	370,058	7.3	Road Freight Transport	115,971	31.34
			Mail Activities	85,048	22.99
			Collective road transport of passengers, with fixed itinerary, municipal and metropolitan region	52,465	14.18
			Storage	13,832	3.74
			Collective road transport of passengers, with fixed itinerary, intermunicipal, interstate and international	13,480	3.64

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E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Josierton Cruz Bezerra E-mail: josierton@gmail.com