Mathai, A. S. et al.(1818 Mathai AS, George SE, Abraham J. Efficacy of a multimodal intervention strategy in improving hand hygiene compliance in a tertiary level intensive care unit. Indian J Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2017 May 17];15(1):6-15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.78215
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.7821...
)
2011
India |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions and dispensers increase.
2. Four lectures with slides over 5M for HH lasting 1 hour each, for 8 weeks.4. Posters in the corridors and next to each patient. |
25.95%
n= 1,001 |
Immediately after intervention |
57.36%
n= 1,026 |
<0.001
|
Borges. L. F. A. et al.(1919 Borges LFA, Rocha LA, Nunes MJ, Gontijo Filho PP. Low compliance to handwashing program and high nosocomial infection in a Brazilian hospital. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 May 12];2012:579-681. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1155/2012/579681
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1155/2012/579681...
)
2012
Brazil |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions.
3. Meetings to provide feedback to HH and HCAI rate, twice per industry.
4. Colorful posters about HH importance. |
21%
n= 119 |
Immediately after intervention |
24.80%
n= 117 |
0.68 |
Mestre, G. et al.(2020 Mestre G, Berbel C, Tortajada P, Alarcia M, Coca R, Gallemi G, et al. "The 3/3 Strategy": a successful multifaceted hospital wide hand hygiene intervention based on WHO and Continuous Quality Improvement Methodology. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Jun 17];7(10). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047200
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.004...
)
2012
Spain |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions.
2. Theoretical-practical workshops to encourage compliance and correct HH technique.
3. Creation of an HH monitoring team, workplace evaluators, with bimonthly feedback and control of alcohol use in gel.
4. Posters at the most popular places.
5. Management commitment and nursing direction. |
57%
n= NA |
Immediately after intervention and after 1 year |
2010: 78%
n= 4,095
2011:
84%
n= 761 |
<0.001
|
Mazi, W. et al.(2121 Mazi W, Senok AC, Al-Kahldy S, Abdullah D. Implementation of the world health organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in critical care units. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2013[cited 2017 May 17];2(1):15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-15
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-15...
)
2013
Saudi Arabia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions and chlorhexidine.
2. Practical lectures and workshops on the 5M of HH, active methodology and products for HH, for 3 weeks.
3. Quarterly reports were sent to the team leaders and the hospital director.
5. Involvement of management and team leaders to implement strategies. |
Phase I ICU:
39%;
Neo. ICU 88%;
Burns Unit: 70%;
Kidney Un.: 43%
n= 409 |
Phase II April/
May 2010
Phase III
October 2010
Phase IV
March 2011 |
April/
May 2010
Phase III
October 2010
Phase IV
March 2011
Phase II
ICU at: 57%; Neo.
ICU: 90%; Burns:
85%; Kidney: 71%
n=406
Phase III
ICU at: 53%; Neo.
ICU 90%; Burns:
78%; Kidney: 36%
n=620
Phase IV
ICU at: 81%; Neo.
ICU: 68%; Burns:
53%; Kidney: 54%
n= 540 |
Adult ICU <0.05
Neonatal ICU and Burns Unit dropped over the course of 15 months. |
Schmitz, K. et al.(2222 Schmitz K, Kempker RR, Tenna A, Stenehjem E, Abebe E, Tadesse L, et al. Effectiveness of a multimodal hand hygiene campaign and obstacles to success in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Jun 23];3(1):8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-8...
)
2014
Ethiopia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Non-water-soluble soap and antiseptics, individually distributed.
2. Training on the importance of HH with "Hand Hygiene Champions" methodology for 6 weeks.
3. Monitoring and weekly feedback to workers.
4. HH posters throughout the hospital. |
2.10%
n=
1,000 |
Immediately after intervention |
12.70%
n= 1,000 |
<0.001
|
Restrepo, A.V. et al.(2323 Restrepo AV, Valderrama MP, Correa AL, Mazo LM, González NE, Jaimes F. Implementación de la estrategia "Atención Limpia es Atención Segura" en un hospital de tercer nivel en Medellín, Colombia. Rev Chil Infectol [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 May 05];31(3):280-6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014000300005
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014...
)
2014
Colombia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions.
2. Training on the 5M to HH. Meetings on the importance of HH by using audiovisual aids and handing out HH brochures.
3. Immediate feedback to workers after observation.
4. 5M posters for HH in all rooms, and correct HH technique above dispensers and washbasins.
5. Continuous action plan with coordinators and directors to follow up the strategy. |
82%
n= 1,279 |
Immediately after intervention |
89%
n= 1,962 |
0.007 |
Mahfouz, A. A. et al.(2424 Mahfouz AA, Al-Zaydani IA, Abdelaziz AO, El-Gamal MN, Assiri AM. Changes in hand hygiene compliance after a multimodal intervention among health-care workers from intensive care units in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Jun 18];4(4):315-21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.05.002
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.05...
)
2014
Saudi Arabia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions at the entrance of the rooms and above each bed.
2. Continuous meetings on patient safety, HCAI, 5M for HH and correct HH techniques, through videos and slides. Each training session lasted 2 to 3 hours.
3. Evaluation and Feedback passed on monthly to management and employees.
4. Distribution of posters by the hospital.
5. Involvement of leaders in training offered. |
57,90%
n= 1,182 |
After 1 year |
84.90%
n= 2,212 |
0.001 |
Leblebicioglu, H. et al.(1313 Leblebicioglu H, Koksal I, Rosenthal VD, Akan OA, Ozgultekin A, Kendirli T, et al. Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional hand hygiene approach, over 8 years, in 11 cities of Turkey. J Infect Prev [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2017 Jul 02];16(4):146-54. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177414560249
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17571774145602...
)
2015
Turkey |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions at the ICU entrances and at the nursing posts. The sinks were stocked with water, antiseptic soap and paper towels continuously.
2. 30-minute education sessions were held in each shift, with monthly duration, every two months and every six months, depending on the sector.
3. Monthly report sent to ICU with HH membership rate.
4. HH posters and reminders at various hospital sites.
5. Hospital administrators agreed and committed to the study. |
29%
n= 2,825 |
Immediately after intervention and up to 6 years later |
45.50%
3 months after:
43.40%
2nd year: 45.50%
3rd year: 48.70%
4th year: 73.30%
6th year: 91%
n=
19,320 (in the
course of 6
years) |
<0.0001
|
Chen, J. K. et al.(2525 Chen JK, Wu KS, Lee SS, Lin HS, Tsai HC, Li CH, et al. Impact of implementation of the World Health Organization multi modal hand hygiene improvement strategy in a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jun 20];44(2):222-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.004
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.1...
)
2016
Taiwan |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Change in the infrastructure and supply of alcohol gel.
2. Training of directors and department leaders to offer lectures, workshops and videos on the importance of membership and the impact of HH in the reduction of HCAI for 3 months.
3. Monthly feedback on HH and later annual membership.
4. Posters about the 5M for HH at the infirmary entrances.
5. Director of the hospital supported the intervention and stressed the importance of hand hygiene. |
56.70%
n= 1,760 |
Immediately after intervention and after 4 years |
2010
69.44%
n=5.472
2015
83,40%
n= NA |
<0.05 |
Sakihama, T. et al.(2626 Sakihama T, Honda H, Saint S, Fowler KE, Kamiya T, Sato Y, et al. Improving healthcare worker hand hygiene adherence before patient contact: A multimodal intervention of hand hygiene practice in three Japanese tertiary care centers. J Hosp Med [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jun 10];11(3):199-205. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2491...
)
2016
Japan |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions at the entrance of the wards.
2. Regular seminars and lectures on HH.3. Feedback from HH rate to CCIH (Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar -Hospital Infection Control Commissions) and participating clinics.
4. Posters for all participating clinics.
5. Only Hospital A had a management commitment. |
General Index:
18%
Hosp A: 11.50%
Hosp B: 24.70%
Hosp C: 18.90%
n= 2,679 |
Hospital A and B after 2 months and hospital C after 3 months of intervention |
General Index:
32,70%
Hosp A: 39,90%
Hosp B: 30%
Hosp C: 26.50%
n= 2,982 |
General Index
<0.001
Hospital A
had a higher
compliance rate
(+29%). |
Patel, B. et al.(2727 Patel B, Engelbrecht H, McDonald H, Morris V, Smythe W. A multifaceted hospital-wide intervention increases hand hygiene compliance. S Afr Med J [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 12];106(4):32-5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i4.10671
http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106...
)
2016
South Africa |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions and paper towel.
2. Trained professionals conducted HH's 5M educational presentation to the team at least once a week for 3 months.
3. Monthly feedback and performance charts for use in group educational sessions.
4. 5M posters for HH above the sinks.
5. Creating a continuous culture of improvement and behavior change. |
Before contact with patient:
34%
After contact with patient:
47%
n= NA |
After 1 year |
Before contact with patient:
76%
After contact with patient:
82%
n= NA |
<0.05 |
Trannin, K. P. P. et al.(2828 Trannin KP, Campanharoz CRV, Lopes MCBT, Okuno MFP, Batista REA. Adesão à higiene das mãos: intervenção e avaliação. Cogitare Enferm [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 12];21(2):1-7. Available from: http://ojs.c3sl.ufpr.br/ojs2/index.php/cogitare
http://ojs.c3sl.ufpr.br/ojs2/index.php/c...
)
2016
Brazil |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Individual alcohol gel-based solutions.
2. Film about the importance of HH for 1 week.
3. Presentation of data collected on HH rates.
4. Sectors posters and colorful brooches as a reminder. |
28.60%
n= 2,304 |
After 1 month |
38.90%
n= 2,757 |
<0.0001
|
Mu, X. et al.(2929 Mu X, Xu Y, Yang T, Zhang J, Wang C, Liu W, et al. Improving hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers: an intervention study in a Hospital in Guizhou Province, China. Braz J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jul 15];20(5)413-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.04.009
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.0...
)
2016
China |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Exchange of conventional faucets for faucets with sensors, alcohol-based gel solutions and paper towels.
2. Two HH education conferences and video presentations on appropriate HH techniques.
3. Every quarter, a final report on HH's membership in the consumption of products was sent to the hospital director and heads of units for 17 months.
4. Posters with correct HH technique at all clinics, above washbasins. |
37.78%
n= 1,266 |
Immediately after intervention |
75.90%
n=
26,586 (in the course of 17 months) |
<0.001
|
O'Donoghue, et al.(3030 O'Donoghue M, Ng SH, Suen LK, Boost M. A quasi-experimental study to determine the effects of a multifaceted educational intervention on hand hygiene compliance in a radiography unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jul 20];5:36. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0133-4
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-013...
)
2016
China |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions next to each place where the tests were performed.
2. Training and updates of 15 minutes on the benefits of HH and correct use of alcohol gel, performed three times at the beginning of the implementation and repeated 1 month later.
4. Pamphlets and posters as reminders. |
28.90%
n= 214 |
After 2 weeks |
51.40%
n= 243 |
< 0.01 |
Farhoudi, F. et al.(44 Farhoudi F, Dashti AS, Davani MH, Ghalebi N, Sajadi G, Taghizadeh R. Impact of WHO hand hygiene improvement program implementation: a quasi-experimental trial. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7026169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7026169...
)
2016
Iran |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions next to all bedding and paper towel supply.
2. 2-part training course. In the first part use the Power Point slides for a period of 2 hours, followed by 2 hours to fill out observation forms. In the second part, enrollment in educational courses on HCAI control and prevention, twice a year.
3. Observation feedback to workers.
4. Posters and billboards on HCAI prevention and control. Promotional messages and correct techniques were displayed on the charts and exchanged monthly.
5. The project has become a hospital priority. |
29.80%
n= 255 |
After 1 year |
71%
n= 193 |
<0.001
|
Arntz, P. R. H. et al.(55 Arntz PRH, Hopman J, Nillesen M, Yalcin E, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Voss A, et al. Effectiveness of a multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy in the emergency department. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jun 12];44(11)1203-07. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03...
)
2016
Holland |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions.
2. Education about 5M for HH and the relevance of HCAI prevention, with daily training, for 3 weeks.
3. Daily feedback during the second and third intervention period.
4. Distribution of posters in the infirmaries and screen rest in computers illustrating the importance of HH. |
18.20%
n= 407 |
During 3 weeks |
1st sem.: 40.50%
2nd sem.: 49.50%
3rd sem.: 45.70%
n= 600 |
<0.001
|
Moghnieh, R. et al.(3131 Moghnieb R, Soboh R, Abdullah D, El-Helou M, Al Hassan S, Ajjour L, et al. Health workers' compliance to the My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene: comparison of 2 interventional methods. Am J Infect Control [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Aug 20];45(1):89-91. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08...
)
2017
Lebanon |
Experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions above the beds of all participating sectors.
2. Lecture about 5M for HH was initially introduced for all three groups.
3. With the incentive group a weekly audit was performed with the payment of an extra 1 hour for the best performance. For the feedback group, individual and group feedback was reviewed weekly, recalling the importance of HH for HCAI prevention. |
Control group:
16%
Incentive group:
21%
Feedback
group: 23%
n= NA |
During 21 weeks |
Control group:
20%; Incentive
group:
8 s: 60%; 14
s: 77%; 21 s:
34%; Feedback
group:
8 s: 43%; 14 s:
51%; 21 s: 48%
n = NA |
Control group irrelevant.Incentive and feedback group <0.001.
After discontinuation of interventions, the incentive group fell to 34% and the feedback group reached 48% (<0.0001). |
Pfäfflin, F. et al.(3232 Pfäfflin F, Tufa TB, Getachew M, Nigussie T, Schönfeld A, Häussinger D, et al. Implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy in a university hospital in Central Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 20];6:3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0165-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-016...
)2017
Ethiopia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions on the walls and pocket flasks.
2. Workshop and lectures on cultural aspects and scientific evidence of HH and HCAI in neonatology, during four days.
3. Feedback of initial results for hospital management and for participants. Offer premium to the sector that achieved the highest compliance.
4. Posters emphasizing the importance of HH in strategic places of greater circulation. |
1.40%
n= 2,888 |
After 6 weeks |
11.70%
n= 2,865 |
<0.001
|
Fariñas-Alvarez, C. et al.(77 Fariñas-Alvarez C, Portal-María T, Flor-Morales V, Aja-Herrero A, Fabo-Navarro M, Lanza-Marín S, et al. Estrategia multimodal para la mejora de la adherencia a la higiene de manos en un hospital universitario. Rev Calidad Asist [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Jul 02];32(1),50-6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cali.2016.06.011
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cali.2016.06...
)
2017
Spain |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel dispensers with tracking date of product placement.
2. Face-to-face sessions with 2-hour workshops with theoretical and practical content and online distance training.
3. Individual feedback reinforcing positive attitudes.
4. Posters about the importance of HH in the sectors.
5. The improvement of HH was considered a priority in hospital safety and quality policies. |
54.50%
n= NA |
Immediately after intervention; after 2 months and after 6 months |
March: 69.90%
May: 44.80%
September:
69.40%
n= NA |
< 0.001
|
Santosaningsih, D. et al.(3333 Santosaningsih D, Erikawati D, Santoso S, Noorhamdani N, Ratridewi I, Candradikusuma D, et al. Intervening with healthcare workers, hand hygiene compliance, knowledge, and perception in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Aug 10];6:23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0179-y
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-017...
)
2017
Indonesia |
Experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions next to each bed and door.
2. There were three different educational programs: active presentations; paper template training; and combination of both, for 8 weeks.
4. Posters presenting HH procedures in workplaces. |
Pediatrics: 24.10%
Medical Clinic: 5.20%
Surgery: 18.90%
Without intervention:
Ginec-obst: 10.10% n= NA |
Immediately after intervention |
Pediatrics: 43.70%
Medical Clinic: 18,50%
Surgery: 24,90%
Without intervention: Ginec-obst: 20,50%
n= NA |
Medical Clinic and surgery < 0.01 and ginec-obst and Pediatrics < 0.001. |
Visan, F. A. et al.(88 Visan FA, Zakaria A, Castro J, Alhasanat O, Ismail KA, Ansari NA, et al. SWITCH: Al Wakra Hospital Journey to 90% Hand Hygiene Practice Compliance, 2011-2015. BMJ Qual Improv Rep [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 05];6(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjquality.u211699.w4824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjquality.u21...
)
2017
Qatar |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Installations of washbasin and dispensers alcohol gel, chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compound in the corridors and change of taps for hand sensors.
2. Behavior change model conceptualized by Heath, Change & Heath to motivate HH for 25 months.
3. Monthly feedback to the team. Certificates and positive reinforcements for the first three professionals who hand sanitized.
4. Available 5M HH posters on top of washbasins.
5. The hospital administration supported and provided the necessary subsidies. |
September to
December 2011:
60.78%
n= NA |
During 4 years |
2012: 77.38%
2013: 91.82%
2014: 93.96%
2015: 95.54%
n= NA |
Increased by more than 30% by the end of December 2015. |
Pereira, E. B. S. et al.(3434 Pereira EBS, Jorge MT, Oliveira EJ, Ribeiro Jr AL, Santos LR, Mendes-Rodrigues C. Evaluation of the Multimodal Strategy for Improvement of Hand Hygiene as Proposed by the World Health Organization. J Nurs Care Qual [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 12];32(2):11-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000...
)
2017
Brazil |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/Training.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions.
2. Video about the correct technique for HH and its importance, for one week.
4. Posters were placed in strategic positions at the unit and leaflets on HH techniques and HH 5M. |
Nur.: 48.70% Nursing assist.: 53.62% Doctors: 59.22% Physiotherapists: 81.48%
n= 1,070 |
After 3 months |
Nurs.: 54.91% Nursing assist. 46.30% Doctors: 67,46% Physiotherapists: 79.59%
n= 1,227 |
0.066 |
Shen, L. et al.(3535 Shen L, Wang X, An J, Zhou N, Sun L, Liu X. Implementation of WHO multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi- experimental study in a traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Xian, China. Antimicrob Resis Infect Contr [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 23];6:98. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-0254-4
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-017-025...
)
2017
China |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Pocket alcohol gel-based solutions, washbasins with paper towels, automatic taps and liquid soap dispensing sensor.
2. HH 5M instruction video and its correct technique and importance.
3. Periodic feedback to management, department heads, industry nurses and some workers.
4. Posters about correct HH techniques near washbasins. Colorful 5M posters in all nurses. Computer screen reminders and knowledge contest.
5. CCIH department management commitment to the study. quality control through rewards and punishments. |
66.27%
n= 1,675 |
Immediately after intervention |
80.53%
n= 3,369 |
<0.001
|
Kuwaití, A. A.(3636 Kuwaiti AA. Impact of a multicomponent hand hygiene intervention strategy in reducing infection rates at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Int Med Appl Sci [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Jun 12];9(3):137-43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1646.9.2017.24
http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1646.9.2017.24...
)
2017
Saudi Arabia |
Quasi-experimental |
1. System change.
2. Education/ Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace.
5. Institutional Security Environment. |
1. Alcohol gel-based solutions and increased dispensers and washbasins.
2. Slide training on the 5M for HH. Installation of screen saver on computers to display the 5M and education of companions, for 12 months.
3. Performance feedback to professionals and regular audits.
4. Posters above the washbasins.
5. Holding meetings with the hospital administration and the team to obtain compliance. |
50.17%
n= NA |
During 2 years |
2015: 66.08%
2016:
71.75%
n= NA |
<0.05 |
Musu, M. et al.(3737 Musu M, Finco G, Mura P, Landoni G, Piazza MF, Messina M, et al. Controlling catheter-related bloodstream infections through a multi-centre educational programme for intensive care units. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Aug 12];97(3):275-81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.08.010
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.08...
)
2017
Italy |
Quasi-experimental |
2. Education/Training.
3. Evaluation and Feedback.
4. Reminders in the workplace. |
2. Brief review of the literature, followed by practical demonstrations, illustrative videos and discussions about HH, lasting 7 to 10 months.
3. Performance feedback through monthly meetings with professionals.
4. Posters and brochures affixed to ICU and waiting room. |
Total: 47%
n= 918 |
Immediately after intervention |
Total: 89.40%
n= 2,414 |
<0.001
|
