Combining ability of cowpea genotypes for green grain production

Pessoa, Angela Maria dos Santos; Bertini, Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães; Castro, Érika Beatriz de Lima; Freitas, Leslyene Maria de; Sousa, Tomil Ricardo Maia de

doi:10.1590/0034-737X2024710013

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Plant breeding applied to agriculture • Rev. Ceres 71 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X2024710013 copy

Combining ability of cowpea genotypes for green grain production

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cowpea is a species used for various purposes, including green grain production. New cowpea cultivars should be developed to answer the growing market demands for green gains, which can be achieved via breeding programs. In this scenario, diallel cross is a breeding method that allows researchers to select the most suitable parents for hybridization. From this perspective, this study aimed to identify cowpea parents and hybrids with good combining abilities to initiate a breeding program aimed at green grain production. The experiment was developed at the Plant Science Department of the Federal University of Ceará. Fifteen treatments (five parents and ten hybrids) were set up in a randomized block design with ten replications. The variables of green pod length, green pod mass, number of grains, grain mass per green pod, and green grain length were studied in this experiment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, test of means, and diallel analysis. The parents and hybrids showed variations for the evaluated traits. Both additive and non-additive effects influence the behavior of inherited traits. The parent CE0002 and hybrid combinations BRS Juruá x CE1002 and CE0957 x CE0002 are recommended for selection, showing desirable aspects for green grain production.

Keywords
diallel; hybrids; plant breeding; Vigna unguiculata

ID BAG	Class/subclass	DFL	PPL	CFL	PAV
CE0002	Colored/ ‘manteiga’	45	Semi-prostrate	Violet	Absent
CE0957	White/ ‘branco liso’	42	Erect	White	Absent
CE0999	White / ‘fradinho’	42	Erect	White	Absent
CE1002	White / ‘branca’	38	Erect	White	Absent
BRS Juruá	Colored / ‘verde’	44	Semi-prostrate	White	Present

pH	O.M.	P	K⁺	Na⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	Al³⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	BS	CEC
pH	(g kg^-1)	(Mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)						CEC
7.6	5.21	34.15	35.33	0.04	0.00	0.00	1.54	1.02	2.69	2.69

Parents/hybrids	Traits
Parents/hybrids	GPL(cm)	GPM(g)	NG(unit)	GMP(g)	GGL(cm)
CE0002	27.46a	9.83a	13.03a	5.76a	1.43a
CE1002	14.99b	4.63b	6.56c	2.09c	1.10b
CE0957	16.50b	5.76b	7.58c	2.55c	1.16b
CE0999	21.33a	8.74a	9.43b	3.23c	1.23a
BRS Juruá	18.10b	6.70b	9.41b	2.71c	1.16b
CE1002 x CE0002	21.59a	8.85a	9.66b	3.86b	1.25a
CE0957 x CE0002	23.31a	11.13a	9.93b	4.44b	1.36a
CE0999 x CE0002	22.70a	12.14a	9.94b	4.33b	1.37a
BRS Juruá x CE0002	23.24a	9.64a	12.50a	5.55a	1.32a
CE0957 x CE1002	15.86b	5.35b	6.21c	2.22c	1.13b
CE0999 x CE1002	19.88a	7.41b	9.83b	2.61c	1.08b
BRS Juruá x CE1002	12.24b	9.64a	12.50a	5.55a	1.32a
CE0999 x CE0957	16.87b	6.84b	7.90c	2.38c	1.08b
BRS Juruá x CE0957	21.53a	9.35a	10.60b	4.03b	1.24a
BRS Juruá x CE0999	20.07a	7.35b	7.90c	3.21c	1.28a

Source of variation	DF	Traits
Source of variation	DF	GPL(cm)	GPM(g)	NG(unit)	GMP(g)	GGL(cm)
Treatments	14	35.73^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	13.96^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	13.22^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	4.83^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	0.03^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).
GCA	4	89.23^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	27.18^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	26.71^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	10.57^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	0.08^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).
SCA	10	14.34^ns ns Non-significant	8.67^ns ns Non-significant	7.82^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	2.54^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).	0.01^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability by the F-test. Degrees of freedom (DF), green pod length (GPL), green pod mass (GPM), number of grains (NG), grain mass per green pod (GMP), and green grain length (GGL).
Residual	30	8.54	5.42	3.38	0.38	0.01
φ²_g	-	3.84	1.03	1.11	0.48	0.03
φ²_s	-	1.93	1.08	1.47	0.71	0.02
φ²_g / φ²_s	-	1.98	1.00	0.75	0.67	1.00

Parents	Traits
Parents	GPL(cm)	GPM(g)	NG(unit)	GMP(g)	GGL(cm)
CE0002	3.30^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	1.72^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	1.58^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	1.12^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	0.11^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
CE1002	-1.73^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-1.26^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.82^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.48^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.06^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
CE0957	-1.73^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.73^ns ns Non-significant,	-1.08^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.52^ and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.04^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
CE0999	-0.06^ns ns Non-significant,	0.26^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.42^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.40^* ** and * significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	-0.02^ns ns Non-significant,
BRS Juruá	0.22^ns ns Non-significant,	0.04^ns ns Non-significant,	0.74^ns ns Non-significant,	0.27^ns ns Non-significant,	0.01^ns ns Non-significant,

Parents/hybrids	Traits
Parents/hybrids	GPL(cm)	GPM(g)	NG(unit)	GMP(g)	GGL(cm)
CE1002 x CE0002	-0.43^ns ns Non-significant,	0.16^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.60^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.41^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.03^ns ns Non-significant,
CE0957 x CE0002	1.28^ns ns Non-significant,	1.91^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.08^ns ns Non-significant,	0.20^ns ns Non-significant,	0.05^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
CE0999 x CE0002	-0.90^ns ns Non-significant,	1.92^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.73^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.03^ns ns Non-significant,	0.04^ns ns Non-significant,
BRS Juruá x CE0002	-0.74^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.31^ns ns Non-significant,	0.65^ns ns Non-significant,	0.50^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.03^ns ns Non-significant,
CE0957 x CE1002	-1.12^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.87^ns ns Non-significant,	-1.40^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.41^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.01^ns ns Non-significant,
CE0999 x CE1002	1.22^ns ns Non-significant,	0.18^ns ns Non-significant,	1.56^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.13^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.07^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
BRS Juruá x CE1002	4.29^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	2.66^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	3.05^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	2.11^ and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	0.13^ and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
CE0999 x CE0957	-1.78^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.91^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.40^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.33^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.09^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.
BRS Juruá x CE0957	2.58^ns ns Non-significant,	1.85^ns ns Non-significant,	1.42^ns ns Non-significant,	0.63^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.	0.03^ns ns Non-significant,
BRS Juruá x CE0999	-0.53^ns ns Non-significant,	-1.15^ns ns Non-significant,	-1.94^ns ns Non-significant,	-0.30^ns ns Non-significant,	0.05^* **and* significant at 1 and 5% of probability, respectively, by Student’s t-test.

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] Corresponding author: angela.pessoa@ufersa.edu.br