Agronomic performance of second crop maize grown under different methods of inoculation with <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>1

Smaniotto, Alex Oliveira; Silva, Bruna Elaine de Almeida; Braz, Magno Gonçalves; Freitas Neto, Juliano Henrique de; Costa Neto, Antônio Paulino da; Cruz, Simério Carlos Silva

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370060004

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Soil and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Ceres 70 (6) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370060004 copy

Agronomic performance of second crop maize grown under different methods of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense1

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of a second crop maize grown under different methods of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 6 treatments and four replications. The treatments used were: no inoculation (T1); inoculation with A. brasilense via seed (T2); inoculation with A. brasilense via sowing furrow (T3); inoculation with A. brasilense via leaf (T4); two inoculations with A. brasilense via leaf (T5); and combination of inoculations via seed, sowing furrow, and leaf (T6). Physiological, morphological, production, and yield components of the second crop maize were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 probability level and when significant, the means were subjected to the Scott-Knott test at 0.05 probability level, using the R-bio statistical program. Inoculation via seed results in higher nitrate reductase enzyme activity. The inoculation with A. brasilense does not result in gains in grain yield for second crop maize; however, it improves the maize quality by increasing its gross protein contents.

Keywords
diazotrophic bacteria; biological nitrogen fixation; grain yield

SV	CD	EIH	PH	MM	GP	FCI	NRA
	Mm	cm	cm	g	%		NO_2- H^-1 g^-1 FM
Blocks	5.29^* * significant at 0.05 probability (0.01 < p < 0.05);	0.47 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.93 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.75 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.06 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	3.70^* * significant at 0.05 probability (0.01 < p < 0.05);	2.55 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);
Treatments	0.87 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.02 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.73 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.26 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	3.86 ^* * significant at 0.05 probability (0.01 < p < 0.05);	0.38 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	37.39^ significant at 0.01 probability (p < 0.01);
Means	25.06	137	248	9.22	13.02	78.05	0.167
CV%	3.19	3.53	1.76	7.35	1.4	3.24	20.02

Treatments	Means
T3. Inoculation via sowing furrow	13.35 a
T5. Two inoculations via leaf	13.13 a
T2. Inoculation via seed	12.96 b
T1. With no inoculation	12.94 b
T6. Inoculation via seed, sowing furrow, and leaf	12.91 b
T4. Inoculation via leaf	12.88 b

Treatments	Means
T2. Inoculation via seed	14.54 a
T5. Two inoculations via leaf	11.36 b
T1. With no inoculation	7.4 c
T3. Inoculation via furrow	5.0 d
T6. Inoculation via seed, furrow, and leaf	4.95 d
T4. Inoculations via leaf	2.09 e

SV	IP	FP	NEH	CD	ED	EL
	Plants ha^-1	Plants ha^-1		mm	mm	cm
Blocks	0.68 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.57 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.09 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.18 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	2.88 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	2.87 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);
Treatments	0.66 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.11 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	1.36 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.64 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.43 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.13 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);
Means	65.045	54.937	54.783	28.69	49.41	14.94
CV%	8.87	5.77	7.27	2.94	2.41	4.2

SV	NR	NGR	GL	1000GW	GY
			mm	g	kg ha^-1
Blocks	0.34 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	5.25^* * significant at 0.05 probability (0.01 < p < 0.05);	5.83^ significant at 0.01 probability (p < 0.01);	18.91^ significant at 0.01 probability (p < 0.01);	8.99^ significant at 0.01 probability (p < 0.01);
Treatments	0.40 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.54 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.47 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	2.46 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);	0.99 ^ns ns Not significant (p > 0.05);
Means	17.57	30.20	10.27	216.16	6.261
CV%	2.99	4.84	3.34	3.76	8.39

Universidade Federal de Viçosa Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 31) 3612-2078 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: aosmaniotto@gmail.com