Relation of noise-induced hearing loss and tobacco use
					among workers in a food industry

Menin, Eliziane Gai; Kunz, Betina Thomas; Bramatti, Luciana

doi:10.1590/1982-0216201411912

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 16 (2) • Mar-Apr 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201411912 copy

Relation of noise-induced hearing loss and tobacco use among workers in a food industry

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Purpose

to determine whether tobacco use enhances the effects of noise caused hearing.

Methods

153 workers of both sexes, smokers and nonsmokers, from an food sector industry, randomly chosen from among 14 sectors of the company, whose band noise was presented a variation from 85 to 109 dB, answered a questionnaire about time exposure to noise as well as on smoking habits and submitted to audiometry.

Results

the hearing thresholds in the frequencies of 4000 Hz and 6000 Hz were significantly higher in the group of smokers / ex-smokers when compared to nonsmokers in both ears, these thresholds, characteristic of hearing loss induced by noise. These differences remained significant after age adjustment and exposure time.

Conclusion

through the obtained results it was possible to conclude a correlation between the use of tobacco and hearing loss.

Noise; Hearing Loss Noise-Induced; Tobacco; Hearing

Variable	Total sample	Never smoked	Smoker/ Ex-smoker	p*
(n=153)	(n=121)	(n=32)

n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Gender
Female	92 (60,1)	75 (62,0)	17 (53,1)	0,479
Male	61 (39,9)	46 (38,0)	15 (46,9)

Age group
15-20	25 (16,3)	21 (17,4)	4 (12,5)	0,343
21-30	70 (45,8)	55 (45,5)	15 (46,9)
31-40	34 (22,2)	28 (23,1)	6 (18,8)
41-50	21 (13,7)	16 (13,2)	5 (15,6)
51-60	3 (2,0)	1 (0,8)	2 (6,3)

Section
Caixaria receiver	10 (6,5)	10 (8,3)	0 (0,0)	0,335
Quality control	1 (0,7)	1 (0,8)	0 (0,0)
Plucking machine	7 (4,6)	6 (5,0)	1 (3,1)
Packing	13 (8,5)	9 (7,4)	4 (12,5)
Evisceration	43 (28,1)	36 (29,8)	7 (21,9)
Expedition	26 (17,0)	17 (14,0)	9 (28,1)
Ice factory	3 (2,0)	2 (1,7)	1 (3,1)
Feedmil	5 (3,3)	5 (4,1)	0 (0,0)
Federal inspection	15 (9,8)	13 (10,7)	2 (6,3)
Maintenance	9 (5,9)	7 (5,8)	2 (6,3)
Platform	8 (5,2)	6 (5,0)	2 (6,3)
Entrails room	1 (0,7)	0 (0,0)	1 (3,1)
Cutting room	12 (7,8)	9 (7,4)	3 (9,4)

Variable	Total sample	Never smoked	Smoker/ Ex-smoker	p*
(n=153)	(n=121)	(n=32)

n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Total exposure time
<1 year old	10 (6,5)	9 (7,4)	1 (3,1)	0,016
1 – 5 years old	79 (51,6)	65 (53,7)	14 (43,8)
5,01 – 10 years old	38 (24,8)	29 (24,0)	9 (28,1)
10,01 – 15 years old	16 (10,5)	8 (6,6)	8 (25,0)**
> 15 years old	10 (6,5)	10 (8,3)	0 (0,0)

Tinnitus
Yes	9 (5,9)	8 (6,6)	1 (3,1)	0,686
No	144 (94,1)	113 (93,4)	31 (96,9)

Intolerance to noise
Yes	27 (17,6)	22 (18,2)	5 (15,6)	0,939
No	126 (82,4)	99 (81,8)	27 (84,4)

Right acousticmeatus
Without obstruction	139 (90,8)	109 (90,1)	30 (93,8)	0,735
With partial cerumen	14 (9,2)	12 (9,9)	2 (6,3)

Left acousticmeatus
Without obstruction	140 (91,5)	111 (91,7)	29 (90,6)	0,735
Com cerumen parcial	13 (8,5)	10 (8,3)	3 (9,4)

Thresholds air conduction	Total sample	Never smoked	Smoker/ Ex-smoker	p*	p**
(n=153)	(n=121)	(n=32)

Md (P25 – P75)	Md (P25 – P75)	Md (P25 – P75)
250 Hz
RE	15 (10 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	15 (15 – 20)	0,054	0,033
LE	15 (10 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	17 (15 – 20)	0,166	0,226

500 Hz
RE	10 (10 – 15)	10 (10 – 15)	15 (10 – 20)	0,079	0,062
LE	15 (10 – 15)	10 (10 – 15)	15 (10 – 15)	0,422	0,419

1.000 Hz
RE	10 (5 – 10)	10 (5 – 10)	10 (5 – 15)	0,286	0,211
LE	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	0,585	0,416

2.000 Hz
RE	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 10)	0,665	0,510
LE	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	0,756	0,755

3.000 Hz
RE	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	10 (10 – 15)	0,297	0,123
LE	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 15)	10 (5 – 19)	0,680	0,585

4.000 Hz
RE	15 (10 – 20)	15 (10 – 15)	15 (10 – 20)	0,034	0,048
LE	15 (10 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	20 (15 – 24)	0,021	0,036

6.000 Hz
RE	15 (10 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	20 (15 – 25)	0,018	0,041
LE	15 (10 – 25)	15 (10 – 20)	22 (15 – 25)	0,001	0,009

8.000 Hz
RE	10 (5 – 20)	10 (5 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	0,432	0,499
LE	15 (5 – 20)	15 (5 – 20)	15 (10 – 20)	0,246	0,354

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