Hearing health of adults and the elderly: effectiveness of remote educational actions for Community Health Agents

Streit, Glória Cristina de Souza; Nascimento, Rafael Niederauer do; Machado, Rochele Martins; Patatt, Fernanda Soares Aurélio

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/20232552023

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 25 (5) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20232552023 copy

Hearing health of adults and the elderly: effectiveness of remote educational actions for Community Health Agents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to assess the evolution of educational actions on hearing health, in the remote format, for Community Health Agents from Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, and to identify if there is a relationship between the level of knowledge acquired and the variables age, length of service and education.

Methods:

a quantitative and interventional research, carried out with 44 Community Health Agents, who participated in three meetings, via Google Meet. In the first, data on the professionals' knowledge were collected and, in the second and third meetings, there was training on 1) hearing, 2) hearing health and disorders, 3) organization of the Hearing Health Service, 4) use/hygiene of hearing aids and 5) importance of users' follow-up at the service, and the collection of knowledge acquired on these topics. Such collection took place through Quizzes, elaborated in Google Forms. The statistical tests Chi-square and Two-sample Test of Proportions were used to statistically analyze the data, with a significance of 5%.

Results:

there was a difference in the rate of correct answers in the post-training Quiz and the acquisition of knowledge was more evident when compared to the performances "worse" and "mistake" in themes 1, 2, 3 and 4. No relationship was found between the level of knowledge acquired and the studied variables.

Conclusion:

the educational actions proved to be effective and the level of knowledge acquired on the topics is not related to the studied variables.

Keywords:
Hearing; Community Health Workers; Health Education; Effectiveness; Public Health

MEETINGS	TOPICS	SUBJECTS COVERED
2^nd meeting	1. Hearing	• Anatomophysiology of hearing; • Central Auditory processing; • Hearing and cognition.
2^nd meeting	2. Hearing health and disorders	• Types of hearing loss; • Ear hygiene and guidance on preventing hearing loss; • Some types of otitis (otitis external, acute otitis me-dia, secretory otitis media, chronic otitis media); • Noise-induced hearing loss; • Ménière’s disease; • Systemics diseases (hypertension and diabetes); • Presbycusis; • Central Auditory processing.
3^rd meeting	3. Organization and functioning of the Hearing Healthcare Service	• Flowchart of the organization and functioning of the HHS.
	4. Notions about the use, handling and hygiene of HAs	• Types of HAs de AASI; • Proper placement and removal of HAs in the ear; Guidance on care and hygiene; Types of batteries, when and how to change them; Device buttons.
	5. The importance of users’ follow-up at the hearing healthcare services	Raising awareness of the importance of the speech therapy; When and how to schedule appointments.

Topic	Prior		Immediately after		p-value
Topic	n	%	n	%	p-value
Hearing	46	52.0	66	75.0	0.002*
Hearing health and disorders	55	62.5	74	84.1	0.001*
HHS organization	60	68.2	81	92.0	<0.001*
HA use and hygiene	45	51.1	76	86.4	<0.001*
Importance of follow-up	71	80.7	73	83.0	0.696

Perf.		n	%	p-value
Hearing	Improve	27	30.7	Reference
	Worse	7	8.0	<0.001*
	Correct	39	44.3	0.062
	Mistake	15	17.0	0.034*
Hearing health and disorders	Improve	25	28.4	Reference
	Worse	6	6.8	<0.001*
	Correct	49	55.7	<0.001*
	Mistake	8	9.1	0.001*
HHS organization	Improve	24	27.3	Reference
	Worse	3	3.4	<0.001*
	Correct	57	64.8	<0.001*
	Mistake	4	4.5	<0.001*
HA use and hygiene	Improve	36	40.9	Reference
	Worse	5	5.7	<0.001*
	Correct	40	45.5	0.543
	Mistake	7	8.0	<0.001*
Importance of follow-up	Improve	11	12.5	Reference
	Worse	9	10.2	0.635
	Correct	62	70.5	<0.001*
	Mistake	6	6.8	0.202

Topic	Perf.	From 29 to 39 years		From 40 to 49 years		Over 50 years		Total		p-value
Topic	Perf.	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Hearing	Improve	3	30.0	18	56.3	18	39.1	39	44.3	0.314
	Worse	2	20.0	5	15.6	8	17.4	15	17.0
	Correct	3	30.0	6	18.8	18	39.1	27	30.7
	Mistake	2	20.0	3	9.4	2	4.3	7	8.0
Hearing health and disorders	Improve	8	80.0	17	53.1	24	52.2	49	55.7	0.476
	Worse	0	0.0	3	9.4	5	10.9	8	9.1
	Correct	2	20.0	8	25.0	15	32.6	25	28.4
	Mistake	0	0.0	4	12.5	2	4.3	6	6.8
HHS organizati-on	Improve	5	50.0	21	65.6	31	67.4	57	64.8	0.469
	Worse	0	0.0	2	6.3	2	4.3	4	4.5
	Correct	4	40.0	7	21.9	13	28.3	24	27.3
	Mistake	1	10.0	2	6.3	0	0.0	3	3.4
HA use and hygiene	Improve	6	60.0	15	46.9	19	41.3	40	45.5	0.932
	Worse	1	10.0	2	6.3	4	8.7	7	8.0
	Correct	3	30.0	13	40.6	20	43.5	36	40.9
	Mistake	0	0.0	2	6.3	3	6.5	5	5.7
Importance of follow-up	Improve	6	60.0	22	68.8	34	73.9	62	70.5	0.197*
	Worse	0	0.0	1	3.1	5	10.9	6	6.8
	Correct	1	10.0	5	15.6	5	10.9	11	12.5
	Mistake	3	30.0	4	12.5	2	4.3	9	10.2

Topic	Perf.	Less than 10 years		10 to 15 years		More than 15 years		Total		p-value
Topic	Perf.	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Hearing	Improve	11	45.8	11	45.8	17	42.5	39	44.3	0.945
	Worse	3	12.5	4	16.7	8	20.0	15	17.0
	Correct	7	29.2	7	29.2	13	32.5	27	30.7
	Mistake	3	12.5	2	8.3	2	5.0	7	8.0
Hearing health and disorders	Improve	15	62.5	12	50.0	22	55.0	49	55.7	0.920
	Worse	1	4.2	3	12.5	4	10.0	8	9.1
	Correct	6	25.0	8	33.3	11	27.5	25	28.4
	Mistake	2	8.3	1	4.2	3	7.5	6	6.8
HHS organization	Improve	12	50.0	15	62.5	30	75.0	57	64.8	0.197
	Worse	2	8.3	2	8.3	0	0.0	4	4.5
	Correct	10	41.7	6	25.0	8	20.0	24	27.3
	Mistake	0	0.0	1	4.2	2	5.0	3	3.4
HA use and hygie-ne	Improve	10	41.7	9	37.5	21	52.5	40	45.5	0.857
	Worse	2	8.3	3	12.5	2	5.0	7	8.0
	Correct	10	41.7	11	45.8	15	37.5	36	40.9
	Mistake	2	8.3	1	4.2	2	5.0	5	5.7
Importance of fol-low-up	Improve	15	62.5	15	62.5	32	80.0	62	70.5	0.059
	Worse	0	0.0	3	12.5	3	7.5	6	6.8
	Correct	4	16.7	2	8.3	5	12.5	11	12.5
	Mistake	5	20.8	4	16.7	0	0.0	9	10.2

Topic	Perf.	High School		Higher Ed.		Total		p-value
Topic	Perf.	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Hearing	Improve	27	40.9	12	54.5	39	44.3	0.585
	Worse	13	19.7	2	9.1	15	17.0
	Correct	21	31.8	6	27.3	27	30.7
	Mistake	5	7.6	2	9.1	7	8.0
Hearing health and disorders	Improve	34	51.5	15	68.2	49	55.7	0.368
	Worse	6	9.1	2	9.1	8	9.1
	Correct	20	30.3	5	22.7	25	28.4
	Mistake	6	9.1	0	0.0	6	6.8
HHS organization	Improve	43	65.2	14	63.6	57	64.8	0.990
	Worse	3	4.5	1	4.5	4	4.5
	Correct	18	27.3	6	27.3	24	27.3
	Mistake	2	3.0	1	4.5	3	3.4
HA use and hygiene	Improve	31	47.0	9	40.9	40	45.5	0.941
	Worse	5	7.6	2	9.1	7	8.0
	Correct	26	39.4	10	45.5	36	40.9
	Mistake	4	6.1	1	4.5	5	5.7
Importance of follow-up	Improve	46	69.7	16	72.7	62	70.5	0.315
	Worse	3	4.5	3	13.6	6	6.8
	Correct	10	15.2	1	4.5	11	12.5
	Mistake	7	10.6	2	9.1	9	10.2

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Glória Cristina de Souza Streit, Rua Vale Machado, 1186, apto 101, 97010-530 - Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, E-mail: gloriastreitamb@gmail.com