Agro-bioeconomic feasibility of immature cowpea and beet cultivar combinations in a semi-arid environment

Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Ribeiro, Jeisy R. de S.; Lima, Jailma S. S. de; Santos, Elizângela C. dos; Guerra, Natan M.; Nunes, Renato L. C.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n108rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 36 (1) • Jan-Mar 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n108rc copy

Agro-bioeconomic feasibility of immature cowpea and beet cultivar combinations in a semi-arid environment

Viabilidade agrobioeconômica de combinações de cultivares de feijão caupi imaturo e de beterraba em ambiente semiárido

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-bioeconomic feasibility of immature cowpea and beet cultivar combinations in intercropping systems in a semi-arid environment. Experiments were carried out in two cropping years using a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four cowpea cultivars (‘BRS Tumucumaque,’ ‘BRS Cauamé,’ ‘BRS Guariba,’ and ‘BRS Itaim’) and two beet cultivars (‘Early Wonder’ and ‘Fortuna’). In each block of the experiments, plots in monocropping of the cultivars were sown as additional treatments to obtain the following agronomic and competition indexes and economic indicators: land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER), land use efficiency (LUE), beet equivalent production (BEP), competitive ratio (CR), crop aggressivity (A), gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR), and corrected monetary advantage (CMA). The highest agro-bioeconomic efficiency of the tested intercropping systems was achieved in the combination of cowpea cultivar BRS Guariba and beet cultivar Fortuna. Beet behaved as the dominant crop, and cowpea as the dominated crop in all evaluated intercropping systems. The indexes and indicators demonstrated the complementarity and sustainability of the combination of cowpea cultivar BRS Guariba with beet cultivar Fortuna.

Keywords:
Beta vulgaris ; Vigna unguiculata ; Plant competition indexes; Intercropping; Sustainability

Sources of Variation	DF	LER	ATER	LUE (%)	BEP
Blocks (Cropping years)	6	2.85*	3.65**	3.27**	2.38*
Cropping years (Y)	1	38.89**	22.14**	37.36**	1.40NS
Cultivar combinations (C)	7	3.34**	4.40**	3.78**	2.39*
Y x C	7	2.04^NS	2.08NS	2.02NS	1.14NS
Cropping years
2016	-	1.31b ^†	0.88b	175.35b	14.35b
2017	-	1.60a	1.03a	211.57a	15.04a
CV (%)	-	12.76	12.92	12.25	15.97

Cultivar combinations		LER				ATER
Cultivar combinations		Ȳ	D	SCI		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	1.46	–0.22	–0.48	0.04	0.99	–0.12	–0.31	0.06
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	1.54	–0.15	–0.41	0.11	1.00	–0.12	–0.30	0.07
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	1.31	–0.37	–0.63	0.00	0.87	–0.25	–0.43	0.00
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	1.35	–0.33	–0.59	0.00	0.87	–0.25	–0.43	0.00
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	1.42	–0.26	–0.52	0.00	0.87	–0.24	–0.43	0.00
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	1.68	0.15	–0.11	0.41	1.12	0.08	–0.11	0.26
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	1.50	–0.19	–0.45	0.07	1.04	–0.08	–0.26	0.11
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	1.37	–0.31	–0.57	0.00	0.92	–0.20	–0.38	0.00

		LUE				BEP
		Ȳ	D	SCI		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	196.02	–28.27	–62.45	5.90	14.71	–2.01	–4.94	0.92
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	203.35	–20.95	–55.13	13.22	15.09	–1.63	–4.56	1.30
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	174.54	–49.75	–83.93	0.00	13.63	–3.09	–6.02	0.00
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	178.54	–45.76	–79.93	0.00	14.21	–2.51	–5.44	0.42
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	186.02	–38.28	–72.45	0.00	14.47	–2.25	–5.18	0.68
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	224.30	20.95	–13.22	55.13	16.72	1.63	–1.30	4.56
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	201.58	–22.72	–56.89	11.46	14.84	–1.88	–4.81	1.05
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	183.33	–40.97	–75.15	0.00	13.90	–2.82	–5.75	0.12

Sources of Variation	DF	GI R$ ha^–1	NI R$ ha^–1	RR R$	CMA R$ ha^–1
Blocks (Cropping years)	6	1.56^NS	1.55NS	1.56NS	2.07NS
Cropping years (Y)	1	3.47^NS	3.47NS	3.43NS	0.47**
Cultivar combinations (C)	7	2.46*	2.48*	2.50*	2.55*
Y x C	7	1.41^NS	1.41NS	1.40NS	1.68NS
Cropping years
2016	-	33,385.64a	12,512.44a	1.60a	3299.49a
2017	-	30,086.80a	9213.61a	1.44a	3774.35a
CV (%)	-	22.31	25.17	22.33	28.70

Cultivar combinations		GI				NI
Cultivar combinations		Ȳ	D	SCI		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	33,233.06	–1759.26	–9843.72	6325.20	12,276.27	–1926.45	–10,010.91	6158.01
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	33,817.33	–1174.99	–9259.45	6909.47	13,027.73	–1174.99	–9259.45	6909.47
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	30,792.18	–4200.14	–12,284.60	3884.32	9835.39	–4367.33	–12,451.79	3717.13
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	28,008.05	–6984.27	–15,068.73	1100.19	7218.45	–6984.27	–15,068.73	1100.19
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	32,254.92	–2737.40	–10,821.86	5347.06	11,298.13	–2904.59	–10,989.05	5179.87
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	34,992.32	1174.99	–6909.47	9259.45	14,202.72	1174.99	–6909.47	9259.45
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	32,688.10	–2304.21	–10,388.67	5780.25	11,731.31	–2471.40	–10,555.86	5613.06
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	28,103.81	–6888.51	–14,972.97	1195.95	7314.21	–6888.51	–14,97297	1195.95

		RR				CMA
		Ȳ	D	SCI		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	1.59	–0.10	–0.48	0.29	3991.81	–2290.84	–5152.65	570.96
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	1.63	–0.06	–0.44	0.33	4481.76	–1800.89	–4662.69	1060.91
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	1.47	–0.21	–0.60	0.17	2221.12	–4061.53	–6923.33	0.00
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	1.35	–0.34	–0.72	0.05	2284.78	–3997.86	–6859.67	0.00
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	1.54	–0.14	–0.53	0.24	2861.93	–3420.72	–6282.52	0.00
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	1.68	0.06	–0.33	0.44	6282.65	1800.89	–1060.91	4662.69
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	1.56	–0.12	–0.51	0.26	3974.04	–2308.61	–5170.41	553.20
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	1.35	–0.33	–0.72	0.06	2197.28	–4085.36	–6947.17	0.00

Sources of Variation	DF	CR	A_bc	A_cb
Blocks (Cropping years)	6	1.52^NS	0.93^NS	0.93^**
Cropping years (Y)	1	0.10^NS	11.06^**	11.06^**
Cultivar combinations (C)	7	2.50^*	2.58^*	2.58^*
Y x C	7	1.35^NS	1.00^NS	1.00^NS
Cropping years
2016	–	2.72a	0.49b	–0.49b
2017	–	2.63a	0.99a	–0.99a
CV (%)	–	29.40	22.23	22.23

Cultivar combinations		CR				A_bc
Cultivar combinations		Ȳ	D	SCI		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	2.33	–0.99	–2.44	0.46	0.60	–0.51	–1.21	0.20
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	2.35	–0.96	–2.41	0.48	0.72	–0.39	–1.09	0.32
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	2.65	–0.67	–2.12	0.77	0.68	–0.43	–1.13	0.28
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	2.70	–0.62	–2.07	0.82	0.90	–0.20	–0.91	0.50
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	3.32	0.37	–1.07	1.82	1.11	0.20	–0.50	0.91
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	2.94	–0.37	–1.82	1.07	0.87	–0.24	–0.94	0.47
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	2.22	–1.10	–2.55	0.35	0.41	–0.69	–1.40	0.01
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	2.90	–0.41	–1.86	1.03	0.63	–0.48	–1.19	0.22

Cultivar combinations		A_bc
Cultivar combinations		Ȳ	D	SCI
BRS Tumucumaque	Early Wonder	–0.60	–0.19	–0.89	0.52
BRS Tumucumaque	Fortuna	–0.72	–0.31	–1.01	0.40
BRS Cauamé	Early Wonder	–0.68	–0.27	–0.97	0.44
BRS Cauamé	Fortuna	–0.90	–0.49	–1.20	0.21
BRS Guariba	Early Wonder	–1.11	–0.69	–1.40	0.01
BRS Guariba	Fortuna	–0.87	–0.46	–1.16	0.25
BRS Itaim	Early Wonder	–0.41	0.19	–0.52	0.89
BRS Itaim	Fortuna	–0.62	–0.21	–0.92	0.49

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[1] *Corresponding author: <ntnguerra@gmail.com>