Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, and Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous in Broilers Fed Low Phosphorus Diets

Iqbal, W; Yaseen, MA; Rahman, MA; Bhatti, SA; Rahman, MS; Yaqoob, MU; Ahmad, F; Zahid, MU; Shoaib, M

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1773

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Original Article • Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 25 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1773 copy

Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, and Tibia Calcium and Phosphorous in Broilers Fed Low Phosphorus Diets

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of phytase supplementation on growth performance, mineral digestibility, and tibia calcium and phosphorous in broilers fed low phosphorus diets. Three hundred broiler chicks were allotted to six different treatments with five replicates each (10 chicks/replicate). T1: Control, 0.5% available phosphorus (Av.P); T2: 0.35P, 0.35% Av.P; T3: 0.20P, 0.20% Av.P; T4: 0.35P-1Phy, diet 0.35P + 1000FTU/kg phytase; T5: 0.20P-2Phy, diet 0.20P + 2000 ftu/kg phytase; T6: 0.20P-3Phy, diet 0.20P + 3000 ftu/kg phytase. Feed intake and weight gain were higher (p=0.001) in broilers fed phytase supplemented diets. Feed conversion ratio was better (p<0.01) in the 0.35P-1Phy than in the others. Calcium and P digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the 0.35P-1Phy than the 0.35P, 0.20P and 0.20P-2Phy, groups. The highest (p<0.05) tibia ash was observed in the 0.35P and 0.35P-1Phy groups rather than the 0.20P at 21^st day, while at 33^rd day it was higher (p<0.05) in the control than in 0.20P. At 21^st day, tibia Ca content was higher (p<0.05) in the 0.35P-1Phy group as compared to 0.20P and 0.35P, while at 33^rd day, tibia Ca content in the control and 0.20P-2Phy groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of 0.20P and 0.35P. Furthermore, tibia P content was higher (p<0.05) in all phytase supplemented groups. It could be concluded that dietary available phosphorus at 0.35% with phytase addition at 1000 FTU/kg reduces the cost per unit weight gain by 9.17%, with positive effects on growth performance.

Keywords:
Bone mineralization; carcass characteristics; growth performance; mineral digestibility; phytase; phosphorous

Treatments	Description
Control	0.50% Available Phosphorus (Av.P)
0.35P	0.35% Av.P
0.20P	0.20% Av.P
0.35P-1Phy	0.35% Av.P + 1000 FTU/kg Faczyme
0.20P-2Phy	0.20% Av.P + 2000 FTU/kg Faczyme
0.20P-3Phy	0.20% Av.P + 3000 FTU/kg Faczyme

Ingredients	Treatments
Ingredients	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
Corn	50	50	50	50	50	50
Soybean meal	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5
Canola meal	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00
Rapeseed meal	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Rice broken	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
Rice polish	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Poultry Fat	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Fish meal	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Dicalcium Phosphate	1.63	0.87	0	0.87	0	0
Limestone	0.7	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.8
Salt	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
DL- Methionine	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
L-Lysine sulphate	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
L-Threonine	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Phytase	0	0	0	0.01	0.02	0.03
Vit. Min. premix*	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100
Nutrient composition (Calculated)
Crude Protein	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0
Metabolic Energy	3000	3000	3000	3000	3000	3000
Calcium	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Available Phosphorus	0.50	0.35	0.20	0.35	0.20	0.20
Ether Extract	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
Fiber	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
Ash	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Dietary Electrolyte Balance	245	245	245	245	245	245
Dig. Methionine	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Dig. Lysine	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dig. Threonine	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dig. Tryptophan	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
Dig. Met+Cys	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
Nutrient composition (Analyzed)
Dry matter	90.23	89.87	90.1	90.4	90.54	89.45
Crude Protein	21.98	21.88	21.93	22.04	21.96	21.75
Ether Extract	6.12	5.98	6.1	6.13	5.98	6.15
Calcium	0.96	0.97	0.99	1.00	0.97	0.98
Total Phosphorus	0.64	0.46	0.27	0.45	0.28	0.27

Ingredients (%)	Treatments
Ingredients (%)	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
Corn	53.00	53	53	53	53	53
Soybean meal	21.5	21.5	21.5	21.5	21.5	21.5
Canola meal	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00
Rapeseed meal	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Rice broken	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Rice polish	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Poultry Fat	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Fish meal	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Dicalcium Phosphate	1.63	0.87	0	0.87	0	0
Limestone	0.7	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.8
Salt	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
DL- Methionine	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
L-Lysine sulphate	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
L-Threonine	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Phytase	0	0	0	0.01	0.02	0.03
Vit. Min. Premix*	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100
Nutrient composition (Calculated)
Crude Protein	20	20	20	20	20	20
Metabolic Energy	3200	3200	3200	3200	3200	3200
Calcium	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Available Phosphorus	0.5	0.35	0.2	0.35	0.2	0.2
Ether Extract	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
Fiber	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
Ash	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Dietary Electrolyte Balance	205	205	205	205	205	205
Dig. Methionine	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Dig. Lysine	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dig. Threonine	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dig. Tryptophan	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
Dig. Met+Cys	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
Nutrient composition (Analyzed)
Dry matter	90.32	90.55	90.12	90.54	90.22	90.10
Crude Protein	20.10	20.00	19.95	20.11	20.05	19.93
Ether Extract	5.98	5.93	6.12	6.06	6.12	5.93
Calcium	0.95	0.97	0.94	1.05	0.95	0.94
Phosphorus	0.65	0.47	0.27	0.45	0.28	0.27

Parameters	Treatments						SEM	p-value
Parameters	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
Starter phase (1-21 days)
Feed intake (g)	1073.65^bc	1143.00^ab	1005.00^c	1196.67^a	1211.50^a	1181.17^a	18.50	0.001
Weight gain (g)	749.30^bc	813.27^ab	718.90^c	883.70^a	877.23^a	851.30^a	16.50	0.001
FCR (g/g)	1.43^a	1.41^ab	1.40^ab	1.35^b	1.38^ab	1.39^ab	0.01	0.015
Finisher phase (22-33 days)
Feed intake (g)	1019.09^c	1193.64^b	1116.36^bc	1370.91^a	1382.73^a	1423.64^a	36.40	0.001
Weight gain (g)	557.95^c	671.97^b	615.23^bc	789.32^a	787.80^a	814.85^a	21.90	0.001
FCR (g/g)	1.83^a	1.78^b	1.82^a	1.74^c	1.76^bc	1.75^c	0.00	0.001
Overall (1-33 days)
Feed intake (g)	2092.74^c	2336.64^b	2121.36^c	2567.58^a	2594.23^a	2604.80^a	38.60	0.001
Weight gain (g)	1307.25^c	1485.24^b	1334.13^c	1673.02^a	1665.04^a	1666.15^a	22.20	0.001
FCR (g/g)	1.60^a	1.57^ab	1.59^a	1.53^c	1.56^ab	1.56^ab	0.00	0.001

Parameters (%)	Treatments						SEM	p-value
Parameters (%)	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
At day 21
Live weight (g)	760^b	810^ab	740^b	890^a	810^ab	870^a	22.90	0.001
Carcass weight (g)	413.62^b	455^ab	417.2^b	499.2^a	461.2^ab	499.8^a	15.20	0.001
Dressing %	54.42	56.19	56.46	56.04	56.96	57.45	0.42	0.505
Thigh yield	21.99	22.53	22.30	22.68	23.63	22.26	0.23	0.790
Breast yield	32.43	33.65	34.17	33.36	33.33	35.19	0.38	0.442
Heart weight	0.87	0.74	0.71	0.66	0.79	0.74	0.03	0.643
Gizzard weight	2.46	2.29	2.49	2.37	2.49	2.19	0.05	0.547
Liver weight	3.05	2.70	3.27	2.83	3.06	2.83	0.09	0.516
At day 33
Live weight (g)	1270^b	1560^a	1420^ab	1600^a	1582^a	1630^a	56.10	0.001
Carcass weight (g)	742	878	827	915	909	883	55.10	0.197
Dressing %	58.19	56.22	58.43	57.27	57.26	54.18	0.64	0.844
Thigh yield	24.51	22.03	20.60	21.88	22.19	20.93	0.56	0.564
Breast yield	33.68	34.18	37.83	35.39	35.07	33.26	0.67	0.238
Heart weight	0.61^a	0.49^ab	0.61^a	0.43^b	0.50^ab	0.42^b	0.03	0.001
Gizzard weight	2.12^a	1.69^ab	1.92^ab	1.57^ab	1.70^ab	1.29^b	0.12	0.048
Liver weight	1.95	1.93	2.27	2.26	2.23	2.20	0.06	0.627

Parameters	Treatments						SEM	p-Value
Parameters	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
WBC 103/ul	28.53	26.98	28.48	27.64	28.20	28.48	0.647	0.485
RBC 103 / ul	2.33	2.07	2.37	2.18	2.90	2.37	0.212	0.161
HGB g/dl	10.03	8.90	10.38	9.23	12.50	10.38	0.940	0.161
HCT (%)	29.73	25.95	23.43	25.30	35.63	23.43	5.16	0.540
MCV (+FL)	127.70	126.03	123.98	118.58	122.65	123.98	2.51	0.223
MCH (+pg)	43.10	43.30	41.23	39.84	42.70	41.23	1.06	0.197
MCHC (g/dl)	33.73	34.35	32.83	33.52	34.83	32.83	0.624	0.193
PLT 103 /ul	2.25	1.75	1.88	2.75	3.00	1.88	0.751	0.789

Cost in PKR	Treatments
Cost in PKR	Control	0.35P	0.20P	0.35P-1Phy	0.20P-2Phy	0.20P-3Phy
Broiler Chick	90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00
Feed cost/kg	194.96	193.44	191.86	193.57	192.35	192.34
Total Feed intake (kg)	2.09	2.34	2.12	2.57	2.59	2.60
Total feeding cost	408.00	452.00	407.00	497.00	499.00	501.00
Miscellaneous	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00
Production cost / bird	548.00	592.00	547.00	637.00	639.00	641.00
Average weight gain/bird (kg)	1.31	1.49	1.33	1.67	1.67	1.67
Cost per kg weight gain	419.20	398.59	410.01	380.75	383.77	384.72

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Muhammad Umar Yaqoob College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and Provincial Key Agricultural Enterprise Research Institute of King Techina, Hangzhou King Techina Feed Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China. Phone: +86 135 16852571 Email: 11817048@zju.edu.cn