This article examines the trial of Socrates (470-399 B.C.) by Athens, in the context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.), searching for the roots, reasons and meanings of his condemnation in the critical relations between the philosopher and his fellow citizens. In this case - exactly in what we can call ''the Socrates case'' - the philosopher appears (according to Plato's Apology) as a citizen-philosopher who challenges the Athenian State and disturbs his fellow citizens while he exercises citizenship as a form of philosophizing and practices philosophy as a right and a duty of citizenship.
philosophizing; citizenship; democracy; Socrates; Athens