The tension between nostalgia and innovation is uniquely manifested in Olivier Messiaen's Gagaku, the fourth movement of his 1962 composition Sept Haikai. Messiaen's religiosity represented a form of nostalgia to the intellectual French Avant-Garde. Messiaen considers the sense of ritual and stasis as musical expressions of sacredness. By comparing the structure of Messiaen's Gagaku (analyzed in the light of his writings about his compositional methods) and that of ancient Japanese gagaku court music, this paper will show how this sense of ritual and stasis constitutes the aesthetic common ground existing independently in both forms. The existence of common elements between a non-western "source" and the western composition inspired by that source provides the necessary condition for the transformation of nostalgia into innovation. The concept of écriture plays an important role in the past/future dialectic of this transformation, causing structure and style to differ based on the principle of non-imitation and asserting itself as the shaping element that makes Gagaku a piece of distinctly French music.
Olivier Messiaen; music avant-garde; non-western influence; traditional Japanese music; religion; musical aesthetics
