Sociodemography, Oral Health Status and Behaviours Related to Oral Health Literacy

Noor, Nurhidayah Muhd; Rani, Haslina; Zakaria, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani; Yahya, Nurul Asyikin; Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M. P.

doi:10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.120

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 19 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2019.191.120 copy

Sociodemography, Oral Health Status and Behaviours Related to Oral Health Literacy

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To assess the relationships of socio-demography, self-reported oral health status, and behaviour with oral health literacy (OHL) among adults.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted during a mega carnival in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic, oral health status, and oral health behaviour data were obtained using a questionnaire, and OHL was determined by a validated Malay version of the 14 items Health Literacy in Dentistry Scale (HeLD-14). A total of 165 data of participating adults were tested using Pearson’s correlation, Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA with a significance level set at p<0.05

Results:

The mean age of participants was 30.4 years (S.D. 9.7 years). Malay HeLD-14 scores were higher among those who were from better socio-economic class (household income within the top 20% of the population) (p<0.005) those with good self-reported oral health status (good oral health status, no active caries) (p<0.005) and those with good oral health behaviours (brushed daily, flossed daily, does not vape) (p<0.05)

Conclusion:

Household income, self-reported oral health status, and behaviours were significantly associated with oral health literacy. Therefore, oral health literacy assessment is vital to help tailor appropriate oral health education and care.

Keywords:
Health Education; Health Literacy; Attitude to Health; Oral Health

Variables	N	%	OHL Scores		F statistic (df)	p-value^a a One-way ANOVA test;
Variables	N	%	Mean	SD	F statistic (df)	p-value^a a One-way ANOVA test;
Gender
Male	77	46.7	45.4	10.61	0.39	0.533
Female	88	53.3	46.4	9.73	1; 163
Race
Malay	90	54.5	48.7	8.91	7.50	<0.001^b b All 3 and 4 pairs of mean OHL score are significantly different by post-hoc test (Games-Howell's procedure); SD: Standard Deviation; df: Degrees of freedom.
Chinese	52	31.5	43.4	9.07	3; 161
Indian	17	10.3	38.2	13.79
Others	6	3.6	48.2	9.56
Household Income
Bottom 40% of Population, B40 (<RM3855)	46	27.9	41.1	12.16	7.63	<0.005^b b All 3 and 4 pairs of mean OHL score are significantly different by post-hoc test (Games-Howell's procedure); SD: Standard Deviation; df: Degrees of freedom.
Middle 40% of Population, M40 (RM3856-RM8135)	103	62.4	47.7	8.74	2; 162
Top 20% of Population, T20 (>RM8135)	16	9.7	48.1	7.91
Educational Level
Never Attend School	1	0.6	36.0	-	0.341	0.796
Completed Primary School	6	3.6	45.7	6.71	3; 161
Completed Secondary School	63	38.2	45.7	11.57
Diploma, or Degree and Above	95	57.6	46.1	(9.34)

Variables	N	%	OHL Scores		Mean Difference (95% CI)	t statistic (df)	p-value^b b Independent t-test; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; df: Degrees of freedom.
Variables	N	%	Mean	SD	Mean Difference (95% CI)	t statistic (df)
Oral Health Status
Good	150	90.9	46.6	9.27	7.8 (2.5, 13.1)	2.91	<0.005
Bad	15	9.1	38.8	15.09		(163)
Gum Disease
Yes	31	18.8	47.4	9.58	1.8 (-2.2, 5.8)	0.89	0.374
No	134	81.2	45.6	10.26		(163)
Tooth Decay
Yes	60	36.4	43.6	11.43	-3.6 (-6.8, -0.4)	-1.77	<0.05
No	105	63.6	47.2	9.11		(163)
Tooth Loss
Yes	60	36.4	46.8	11.14	1.5 (-1.8, 4.7)	0.90	0.368
No	105	63.6	45.3	9.52		(163)
Bad Breath
Yes	37	22.4	43.4	10.34	-3.2 (-6.9, 0.5)	-1.7	0.090
No	128	77.6	46.6	9.99		(163)
Poor Teeth Alignment
Yes	77	46.7	45.8	9.08	-0.2 (-3.3, 2.9)	-0.1	0.907
No	88	53.3	46.0	11.01		(163)

Variables	N	%	OHL Scores		Mean difference (95% CI)	F statistic (df)	p-value^a
Variables	N	%	Mean	SD	Mean difference (95% CI)	F statistic (df)	p-value^a
Brushing Habit
< 2 Times Daily	15	9.1	34.3	13.39	-12.8 (-17.8, 7.7)	3.96	<0.001
2 Times or More Daily	150	90.9	47.1	9.01		(163)
Toothpaste
Not Using Toothpaste or Using Non-Fluoridated Toothpaste	17	10.3	43.4	9.97	-2.8 (-7.9, 2.3)	0.02	0.277
Using Fluoridated Toothpaste	148	89.7	46.2	10.14		(163)
Flossing
Never Floss	86	52.1	44.2	10.54	-3.5 (-6.6, -0.4)	0.45	<0.05
Use Floss	79	47.9	47.7	9.38		(163)
Mouth Rinse
Never Use Mouth Rinse	76	46.1	43.5	10.60	-4.4 (-7.5, -1.3)	3.43	<0.01
Use Mouth Rinse	89	53.9	47.9	9.30		(163)
Snacking Between Meals
< 2 Times Daily	147	89.1	45.9	9.91	-0.3 (-5.3, 4.7)	0.32	0.903
2 Times or More Daily	18	10.9	46.2	12.09		(163)
Smoking Status
Current Smoker	29	17.6	45.6	11.28	-0.3 (-4.4, 3.8)	0.99	0.875
Non-Smoker or Past Smoker	136	82.4	46.0	9.91		(163)
Vaping Status
Current Vaper	7	4.2	38.3	15.72	-7.9 (-15.6, -0.3)	2.95	<0.05
Non-Vaper or Past Vaper	158	95.8	46.2	9.75		(163)
Alcohol Drinking Status
Drink Alcohol	21	12.7	42.2	10.00	-4.2 (-8.8, 0.5)	0.70	0.077
Never Drink or Not Anymore	144	87.3	46.4	10.07		(163)
Dental Visit
Less Than Once Per Year	108	65.5	44.0	10.14	-5.4 (-8.6, -2.2)	2.46	<0.005
Once or More Visit Per Year	57	34.5	49.4	9.20		(163)

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[1] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Haslina Rani, Centre for Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Phone: +603 9289-7750. E-mail: hr@ukm.edu.my.