Níveis de acidez do solo para recomendação de calagem e aumento de produção da amora-preta

Silva, Enilson de Barros; Lima, Ramony Cristina; Gaurat, Jéssica Oliveira; Braga Neto, Ari Medeiros; Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro da; Bié, Dalila Costa Aparecida; Gonçalves, Emerson Dias; Silva, Luiz Fernando de Oliveira; Moura, Pedro Henrique Abreu; Souza, Shirley Macedo de

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Fertilization/ Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 59 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2024.v59.03398 copiar

Níveis de acidez do solo para recomendação de calagem e aumento de produção da amora-preta

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os níveis de acidez para obter os atributos químicos do solo adequados à máxima produção de frutos de amoreiras-pretas cultivadas em solos ácidos submetidos a doses crescentes de calcário. Foram avaliadas as cultivares de amoreira-preta BRS Tupy, Brazos, Guarani e BRS Xavante nos solos Latossolo Vermelho Distroférico (LVdf) e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd), aos quais foram aplicadas quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1,5, 3,0 e 6,0 Mg ha^-1). Foram avaliados o efeito da calagem sobre os atributos químicos do solo, em arranjo fatorial 2×4 (solos e doses de calcário), bem como o teor de nutrientes foliares e a produção de frutos, em arranjo fatorial 2×4×4 (solos, doses de calcário e cultivares). A produção máxima de frutos foi obtida com 3,3 Mg ha^-1 de calcário dolomítico. As cultivares de amoreira-preta apresentaram alta demanda por Ca, Mg e saturação por bases e baixa tolerância ao alumínio nos solos. A partir de 3,3 Mg ha^-1 de calcário dolomítico, a produção máxima de frutos de amoras-pretas cultivadas em solos ácidos é obtida com pH 5,6, saturação máxima tolerada de alumínio de 6%, concentração de Ca e Mg de 45,3 mmol_c kg^-1 e saturação por bases de 48,3%.

Termos para indexação
Rubus; alumínio; saturação por bases; eficiência nutricional; acidez do solo; pH do solo

Attribute	Unit	LVdf⁽¹⁾	LVd⁽²⁾
pH _{(water 1:2.5)}	-	4.20	4.01
P _{(Mehlich 1)}	(mg kg^-1)	0.30	3.16
K _{(Mehlich 1)}	(mmol_c kg^-1)	0.03	0.02
Ca _{(KCl 1.0 mol L}^-1₎	(mmol_c kg^-1)	0.90	1.00
Mg _{(KCl 1.0 mol L}^-1₎	(mmol_c kg^-1)	0.90	0.70
Al _{(KCl 1.0 mol L}^-1₎	(mmol_c kg^-1)	21.10	20.10
Cation exchange capacity	(mmol_c kg^-1)	156.40	170.10
Al saturation	(%)	92.01	92.09
Base saturation	(%)	1.17	1.01
Ca saturation	(%)	0.58	0.59
Mg saturation	(%)	0.58	0.41
K saturation	(%)	0.02	0.01
Organic carbon	(g kg^-1)	13.51	14.73
Remaining P	(mg L^-1)	16.88	15.89
Sand _{(pipette method)}	(g kg^-1)	456	377
Loam _{(pipette method)}	(g kg^-1)	84	63
Clay _{(pipette method)}	(g kg^-1)	460	560

Chemical attribute	Regression equation	R²	F-test	Value
pH_water	$ŷ = 4.2 + 0.7909 x^{0.5}$	0.95	32.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	5.6
K (mmol_c kg^-1)	$ŷ = 5.1 - 0.2631 x^{0.5}$	0.94	14.2^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.6
Ca (mmol_c kg^-1)	$ŷ = 0.4 + 18.2171 x^{0.5}$	0.99	168.6^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	33.5
Mg (mmol_c kg^-1)	$ŷ = 0.1 + 6.4196 x^{0.5}$	0.97	321.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	11.8
Al (mmol_c kg^-1)	$ŷ = 17.6 - 8.6808 x^{0.5}$	0.83	330.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	1.8
Al saturation (%)	$ŷ = 63.2 - 31.5071 x^{0.5}$	0.82	152.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	6.0
Base saturation (%)	$ŷ = 5.3 + 23.6641 x^{0.5}$	0.99	78.6^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	48.3
Ca saturation (%)	$ŷ = 0.4 + 17.6871 x^{0.5}$	0.99	77.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	32.5
Mg saturation (%)	$ŷ = 0.1 + 6.2326 x^{0.5}$	0.97	79.8^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	11.4
K saturation (%)	$ŷ = 4.9 - 0.2554 x^{0.5}$	0.97	20.2^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.4

Nutrient	Cultivar	Liming rate (Mg ha^-1)				Regression equation	R²	F-test	CA
Nutrient	Cultivar	0	1.5	3.0	6.0	Regression equation	R²	F-test	CA
		Macronutrient in leaves (g kg^-1)
N	BRS Tupy	29.8	28.7	27.6	20.7	$ŷ = 30.7 - 1.5323 x$	0.92	6.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	25.7
	Brazos	26.9	24.6	23.9	23.1	$ŷ = 26.1 - 0.5784 x$	0.81	5.0^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	24.2
	BRS Xavante	35.4	29.7	29.3	19.1	$ŷ = 35.2 - 2.5847 x$	0.95	17.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	26.6
	Guarani	35.5	27.9	26.5	23.8	$ŷ = 33.0 - 1.7456 x$	0.80	9.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	27.2
P	BRS Tupy	2.4	3.2	3.9	5.3	$ŷ = 2.4 + 0.4704 x$	0.99	13.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.0
	Brazos	1.0	1.2	1.9	2.7	$ŷ = 0.9 + 0.2945 x$	0.98	5.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	1.9
	BRS Xavante	1.1	1.8	2.3	4.2	$ŷ = 1.0 + 0.5151 x$	0.98	16.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	2.7
	Guarani	1.2	1.6	2.5	3.7	$ŷ = 1.2 + 0.4268 x$	0.98	11.2^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	2.6
K	BRS Tupy	9.7	8.5	7.6	5.2	$ŷ = 9.7 - 0.7486 x$	0.99	23.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	7.3
	Brazos	8.6	9.1	9.1	6.4	$ŷ = 9.4 - 0.4037 x$	0.90	10.8^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	8.0
	BRS Xavante	12.7	10.5	11.7	7.0	$ŷ = 12.7 - 0.8692 x$	0.81	388^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	9.9
	Guarani	9.9	8.4	8.2	7.2	$ŷ = 9.5 - 0.4071 x$	0.90	7.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	8.2
Ca	BRS Tupy	4.9	7.0	9.1	13.2	$ŷ = 5.0 + 1.369 x$	0.99	30.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	9.5
	Brazos	4.4	6.4	7.8	11.2	$ŷ = 4.5 + 1.1200 x$	0.99	20.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	8.2
	BRS Xavante	3.7	4.5	5.0	7.9	$ŷ = 3.4 + 0.7081 x$	0.96	8.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	5.8
	Guarani	3.9	4.4	5.3	6.6	$ŷ = 3.8 + 0.4714 x$	0.99	5.2^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	5.3
Mg	BRS Tupy	3.3	3.8	4.2	4.9	$ŷ = 3.3 + 0.2715 x$	0.99	8.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.2
	Brazos	2.4	3.3	3.9	5.3	$ŷ = 2.5 + 0.4679 x$	0.99	24.0^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.0
	BRS Xavante	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.9	$ŷ = 3.6 + 0.1951 x$	0.97	4.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	4.3
	Guarani	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.8	$ŷ = 3.0 + 0.1442 x$	0.99	7.2^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	3.4
S	BRS Tupy	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	$ŷ = 1.1 + 0.064$	0.99	16.8^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	1.3
	Brazos	1.1	1.6	1.9	2.8	$ŷ = 1.1 + 0.2813 x$	0.99	18.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	2.0
	BRS Xavante	0.8	1.4	1.5	2.8	$ŷ = 0.8 + 0.3173 x$	0.97	23.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	1.8
	Guarani	0.7	1.2	1.6	2.6	$ŷ = 0.7 + 0.3039 x$	0.99	21.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	1.7
		Micronutrient in leaves (mg kg^-1)
B	BRS Tupy	149.7	128.5	118.8	86.1	$ŷ = 154.1 - 24.703 x^{0.5}$	0.93	18.8^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	109.3
	Brazos	130.2	105.8	92.9	53.8	$ŷ = 135.8 - 29.7338 x^{0.5}$	0.92	27.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	81.8
	BRS Xavante	27.7	19.1	11.4	4.3	$ŷ = 28.6 - 9.6201 x^{0.5}$	0.98	12.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	11.1
	Guarani	57.0	51.4	44.5	31.9	$ŷ = 59.6 - 9.892 x^{0.5}$	0.90	13.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	41.6
Cu	BRS Tupy	48.2	23.6	16.8	9.7	$ŷ = 46.2 - 16.0239 x^{0.5}$	0.97	47.6^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	17.1
	Brazos	22.0	16.7	14.2	11.9	$ŷ = 21.9 - 4.2029 x^{0.5}$	0.99	23.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	14.3
	BRS Xavante	28.1	21.7	10.7	4.8	$ŷ = 29.6 - 9.8434 x^{0.5}$	0.93	18.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	11.7
	Guarani	18.9	14.8	9.8	2.7	$ŷ = 20.3 - 6.5037 x^{0.5}$	0.92	28.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	8.5
Fe	BRS Tupy	222.1	189.9	148.6	103.3	$ŷ = 231.3 - 48.3563 x^{0.5}$	0.94	21.3^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	143.5
	Brazos	290.1	266.4	207.9	192.3	$ŷ = 296.6 - 42.4974 x^{0.5}$	0.88	17.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	219.4
	BRS Xavante	173.8	129.0	83.2	52.1	$ŷ = 178.3 - 50.8853 x^{0.5}$	0.97	22.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	85.9
	Guarani	204.7	129.9	117.6	96.3	$ŷ = 197.5 - 44.6745 x^{0.5}$	0.96	17.8^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	116.3
Mn	BRS Tupy	417.1	329.4	283.6	197.1	$ŷ = 425.9 - 88.0977 x^{0.5}$	0.98	13.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	265.8
	Brazos	445.3	350.7	208.8	162.3	$ŷ = 456.3 - 121.7265 x^{0.5}$	0.93	17.5^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	235.1
	BRS Xavante	444.0	245.4	186.2	118.4	$ŷ = 430.7 - 134.8056 x^{0.5}$	0.98	18.7^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	185.8
	Guarani	727.2	256.6	141.8	112.8	$ŷ = 664.2 - 262.3393 x^{0.5}$	0.90	23.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	187.6
Zn	BRS Tupy	55.1	46.7	33.3	25.6	$ŷ = 56.9 - 12.4133 x^{0.5}$	0.94	19.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	34.4
	Brazos	41.9	35.6	25.3	14.9	$ŷ = 44.3 - 11.0088 x^{0.5}$	0.92	15.6^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	24.3
	BRS Xavante	51.1	50.5	30.8	25.5	$ŷ = 54.6 - 11.2023 x^{0.5}$	0.93	19.4^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	34.3
	Guarani	38.9	29.9	29.0	17.8	$ŷ = 39.8 - 8.0857 x^{0.5}$	0.93	18.1^ Significant at 1% probability. x = 3.3 Mg ha-1.	25.1

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