ABSTRACT
Ephemeraceae comprise two genera and 37 species worldwide, in the Neotropic is recorded 13 species, and 10 to Brazil. The plants are small and the biggest one has 3 mm high; these plants are always found in small patches and this way is very low collected and together the absence of taxonomic works this group is very little knowledge to Brazil. Ours analyses was based on 11 type specimens (from all endemic species), reevaluation of the specimens cited in literature, and herbarium specimens. We recognize 10 species to Brazil with Ephemerum homomallum Müll.Hal. a new record to Brazil, Micromitrium subaequinoctiale (Broth.) Crosby is synonymized with M. lacustre and the Brazilian records of M. wrightii (Müll.Hal.) Crosby was excluded. We are providing keys, comments and diagnostic illustration.
Keywords:
cleistocarpy; mosses; Pottiales
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