Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria (96 strains) and endophytic fungi (69 strains) were isolated from symptomless melon plants and tested for control of fruit blotch under greenhouse conditions, by treating seeds previously inoculated with Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli or treating healthy seeds in order to protect the plant challenged later with the pathogen. Melon seeds were microbiolized by immersion in suspensions (A570= 0,7), sown and evaluated for incubation period (PI), incidence (INC), disease severity (SEV) and disease severity reduction (RSD). Only microbiolization of artificially infected seed using the endophytic ENM5 (not identified), ENM9 (Bacillus cereus), ENM13 (Bacillus sp.), ENM16 (Bacillus cereus), ENM32 (Bacillus subtilis) and ENM43 (Bacillus sp.), showed potencial for disease control. After in vitro compatibility tests, these strains were reevaluated separately and in pairs, in relation to PI, INC, SEV, RSD, disease index (IDO) and area under disease progress curve (AACPD). All treatments differed significantly (P= 0.05) from the control reaching 93.6% of RSD, with emphasis for ENM13 and ENM9 with 7.5 and 7.25 days of PI, 0.22 and 0.22 of SEV, 2.59 and 2.59 of IDO, and 0.22 and 0.39 of AACPD, respectively. In vitro tests to determine the putative mechanisms of action involved in biocontrol were performed. ENM13 and ENM9 solubilized phosphate, ENM5 presented antibiose against A. avenae subsp. citrulli, and ENM43 produced HCN while ENM16 and ENM32 did not show any of the tested mechanisms.
Cucumis melo; Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli; seed; Bacillus spp; control
