Sending out an SOS - the bacterial DNA damage response

Lima-Noronha, Marco A.; Fonseca, Douglas L. H.; Oliveira, Renatta S.; Freitas, Rúbia R.; Park, Jung H.; Galhardo, Rodrigo S.

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0107

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Young Brazilian Geneticists - Special Issue • Genet. Mol. Biol. 45 (3 Suppl 1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0107 copy

Sending out an SOS - the bacterial DNA damage response

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The term “SOS response” was first coined by Radman in 1974, in an intellectual effort to put together the data suggestive of a concerted gene expression program in cells undergoing DNA damage. A large amount of information about this cellular response has been collected over the following decades. In this review, we will focus on a few of the relevant aspects about the SOS response: its mechanism of control and the stressors which activate it, the diversity of regulated genes in different species, its role in mutagenesis and evolution including the development of antimicrobial resistance, and its relationship with mobile genetic elements.

Keywords:
DNA damage; SOS response; mutagenesis; TLS polymerases; mobile genetic elements

Bacteria species	SOS box	Reference
Bacillus subtilis	CGAACN₄GTTCG	Au et al., 2005Au N, Kuester-Schoeck E, Mandava V, Bothwell LE, Canny SP, Chachu K, Colavito SA, Fuller SN, Groban ES, Hensley LA et al. (2005) Genetic composition of the Bacillus subtilis SOS system. J Bacteriol 187:7655-7666.
Caulobacter crescentus	GTTCN₇GTTC	da Rocha et al., 2008da Rocha RP, Paquola ACM, Marques MV, Menck CFM and Galhardo RS (2008) Characterization of the SOS regulon of Caulobacter crescentus. J Bacteriol 190:1209-1218.
Escherichia coli	TACTG(TA)₅CAGTA	Lewis et al., 1994Lewis LK, Harlow GR, Gregg-Jolly LA and Mount DW (1994) Identification of high affinity binding sites for LexA which define new DNA damage-inducible genes in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 241:507-523.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	CTGN₂TN7CAG	Cirz et al., 2006Cirz RT, O’Neill BM, Hammond JA, Head SR and Romesberg FE (2006) Defining the Pseudomonas aeruginosa SOS response and its role in the global response to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. J Bacteriol 188:7101-7110.
Staphylococcus aureus	CGAACN₄GTTCG	Cirz et al., 2007Cirz RT, Jones MB, Gingles NA, Minogue TD, Jarrahi B, Peterson SN and Romesberg FE (2007) Complete and SOS-mediated response of Staphylococcus aureus to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. J Bacteriol 189:531-539.

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These authors contributed equally to the article.