Impacts of social and environmental disasters in western Paraná between 2010 and 2020

Gonzalez, Aline Costa; Carniatto, Irene; Pereira, Vilmar Alves

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220085r2vu2023L4AOA

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 26 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220085r2vu2023L4AOA copy

Impacts of social and environmental disasters in western Paraná between 2010 and 2020

Impactos de los desastres socioambientales en el Oeste de Paraná entre 2010 y 2020

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objectives of this research are to analyze: a) disaster records in the SISDC/PR system; b) the number of people affected and the inventory of financial damages, in the period from 2010 to 2020, in three of the main municipalities in the western mesoregion of Paraná. The research was carried out through data collection and documentary study, which identified 20 different types of disasters, between natural and technological. Of these, the most frequent were windstorms, floods, and hail. The economic losses were around BRL 372,046,631.73 and, concomitantly, 1,359,599 people suffered from the impacts of these disasters. From these records, risk and disaster management actions can be pointed out to increase the adaptive capacity of these municipalities to climate change and consequently reduce risks and disasters.

Keywords:
Climate Change; Damage; Records; Civil Defense; CEPED Unioeste

Classification	Types of disasters	Description
Evolution	Sudden Disasters or Disasters of Acute Evolution	Distinguished by the speed in which the process evolves and by the adverse events’ violence, may occur in unexpected and surprising ways, or have cyclical or seasonal characteristics, such as landslides, torrents, windstorms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hailstorms and others.
Evolution	Gradual Disasters or Disasters of Chronic Evolution	Distinguished by evolving in stages of progressive aggravation, like droughts, erosions or soil losses, such as the collapse of hillsides, environmental pollution, and others.
Intensity	Level I- medium-intensity disasters	Damages and losses that are bearable and surmountable by the local governments. The situation of normality can be restored with resources mobilized locally or complemented with federal and state contribution. They represent emergency situations.
Intensity	Level 2- high-intensity disasters	Damages and losses on which the reestablishment of the situation of normality rely on the mobilization and coordinated action from all three levels of the Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (SINPDEC) (Brazilian National System of Protection and Civil Defense) and, occasionally, on international help. These would be the states of public calamity.
Frequency	Sporadic	Those which rarely occur, with limited possibility of foreseeing.
Frequency	Cyclical or Seasonal	Those which occur periodically, being related to the seasons of the year and the phenomena associated with them.
Origin	Natural	Triggered by nature’s phenomena and imbalances. May imply on human losses and other impacts on health, environmental damage, property damage, causing service interruption and social and economic disturbances.
Origin	Technological	Triggered by technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous proceedings, infrastructure failures, or specific human activities, and may imply on human losses or other impacts on health, environmental damage, property damage, service interruption, social and economic disturbances.

Origin	Causes	Examples
Natural	Geological	Earthquakes, tsunamis, earthly tremors, volcanic emanation, landslides, erosion.
	Hydrological	Inundations, floods, torrents.
	Meteorological	Cyclones, storms (tornados, intense rain, winstorms, hailstorms, lighting), heat waves and cold waves.
	Climatic	Dryness, drought, forest fire (parks, APA- areas of environmental protection- and APP- areas of permanent protection), fires on non-protected areas, low air humidity.
	Biological	Epidemics (viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infectious diseases) and pest infestation (animals and vegetables).
Technological	Disasters Related to Radioactive Substances	Satellite crashes, release of radioactive waste on the environment.
	Disasters Related to Dangerous Products	Release of chemical products on the atmosphere and on drinkable water systems, water contamination through the spillage of chemical products, transport of dangerous products.
	Disasters Related to Urban Fires	Fires on industrial plants and districts, parks and deposits, fires on residential clusters.
	Disasters Related to Civil Construction	Building collapses, dam breakage and collapse.
	Disasters related to transport of passengers and non-dangerous loads	Traffic accidents (road, air, rail or sea), work accidents).

Position	EVENTS	Frequency		2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Position	EVENTS	Amount of times	%
1st	Local/ Convective Storm- Windstorm (C*-F-T)	81	55.5	2	5	11	-	3	8	7	10	14	11	10
2nd	Flood (C*-F-T)	23	15.7	2	2	-	-	2	2	-	2	5	4	4
3rd	Local/ Convective Storm- Hailstorm (C*-F-T)	15	10.3	-	2	1	-	3	5	1	-	1	1	1
4th	Torrent (C*-F-T)	11	7.5	-	-	-	3	2	-	1	4	1	-	-
5th	Infectious Viral Diseases (C*-F-T)	6	4.1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
6th	Drought (C*-F-T)	4	2.7	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
7th	Local/ Convective Storm- Heavy rainfall (C*-F)	2	1.4	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
8th	Local/ Convective Storm- Thunderstorm (C*)	1	0.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
9th	Forest Fires- on Parks, APA and APPs National, state or local (C*)	1	0.7	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10th	Inundation (F*)	1	0.7	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11th	Local/ Convective Storm- Tornados (T*)	1	0.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-

Occurrence	Affected people			Total	Rate/100,000 inhabitants
Occurrence	Cascavel	Foz do Iguaçu	Toledo
Local/Convective Storm- Windstorm	192,549	437,913	378	630,840	86,036
Drought	334,573	10,000	119,353	463,926	63,271
Local/Convective Storm- Heavy Rainfall	150,050	710	0	150,760	20,561
Local/Convective Storm- Hailstorm	5,250	63,264	130	68,644	9,361
Floods	166	25,836	0	26,002	3,546
Torrents	80	16,795	120	16,995	2,317
Infectious Viral Diseases	1,048	471	69	1,588	216
Inundations	0	734	0	734	100
IForest Fires- on Parks, APA and APPs National, state or local	100	0	0	100	13
Local/Convective Storm- Thunderstorm	8	0	0	8	1
Local/Convective Storm- Tornados	0	0	2	2	0,25

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E-mail: revistaambienteesociedade@gmail.com

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[1] Aline Costa Gonzalez ✉ alinecg_15@hotmail.com