Resumo em Português:

Na viagem efetuada à volta do mundo pela U. S. Exploring Expedition mais conhecida pelo nome de Expedição Wilkes e durante o período em que a mesma operava no Atlântico Ocidental, foram visitadas as regiões do Rio de Janeiro e da Patagônia. Por ocasião da festa comemorativa do centenário da The American Philosophical Society, de Filadélfia, ocorrida a 23 de Fevereiro de 1930, o autor teve a oportunidade de apresentar uma nota prévia da qual constava uma lista de peixes capturados durante o cruzeiro da Expedição. Teve, então, o ensejo de examinar o diário redigido pelo Dr. Charles Pickering, botânico da Expedição, nele encontrando anotações valiosas para a História Natural, considerada em seu sentido amplo, detalhes a respeito das localidades percorridas e relações extensas de animais e plantas, além de diversos representantes pertencentes a outros grupos. Sob o ponto de vista histórico, os comentários aí constantes são de importância significativa. Em muitos casos, essas apreciações fornecem base sólida para a efetivação de estudos faunísticos, de caráter comparativo, muito instrutivos e úteis. O autor examinou a coleção de peixes da Expedição Wilkes que se encontra no Museu Nacional dos Estados Unidos, em Washington, acervo esse gentilmente posto à sua disposição para estudo. Dessa maneira, no presente trabalho, fornece matéria de amplo interesse histórico, visando com isso lançar alguma luz sobre a imensa fauna do Brasil e da Argentina. Baseando-se nos dados fornecidos por Pickering, o autor divulga dados curiosos a respeito da baía do Rio de Janeiro e adjacências, no ano de 1838. Segue-se uma lista contendo a diagnose de 82 espécimes de água doce, salobra e salgada, estudados e comparados com outros de várias procedências. Referindo-se ao Rio Negro, descreve o autor o aspeto da região patagônica, durante certo período de 1839, fazendo comentários a respeito de 7 espécies de peixes nela, encontradas.

Resumo em Português:

Nos anos de 1948-49, o autor teve ocasião de estudar os representantes da família Engraulidae que frequentam a costa brasileira, pesquisa essa supervisionada gentilmente pelo Dr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, ictiólogo do U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, de Washington. Dessa investigação resultou a conveniência de se identificar e redescrever as espécies que fazem parte das coleções do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. O presente trabalho é, pois, baseado na revisão das manjubas americanas publicada pelo Dr. Hildebrand em 1943 e no trabalho em que figurou como co-autor: "Notes on some Brazilian anchovies (Family Engraulidae) with description of four new species" (1948). Graças à gentileza do Dr. Hildebrand, foi examinada uma coleção extensa do Museu Nacional dos Estados Unidos. De inestimável valor foi a manipulação de exemplares constantes da coleção do Dr. W. C. Schroeder, do Museu de Zoologia Comparada, especialmente rica em exemplares do Brasil. O autor muito deve ao Dr. Hildebrand pelo trabalho enorme desenvolvido nesse sentido. No texto, obedeceu-se a seqüência sempre uniforme quanto aos caractéres peculiares a cada espécie, de modo a facilitar o estudo, por parte de outras pessoas interessadas no grupo. A distribuição geográfica dos espécimes aqui considerados figura no Mapa n.º 1.

Resumo em Inglês:

In 1948-1949, the author studied the Brazilian Engraulidae of the genus Anchoviella, under the supervision of the late Dr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, ichthyologist of the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington. It has been found desirable to undertake the identification and redescription of the Brazilian Anchovies from the collections of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (São Paulo Oceanographic Institute). This work is then based in the review of the American anchovies published in 1943 by Dr. Hildebrand and in the paper where the author figure as "junior author": "Notes on sobe Brazilian anchovies (Family Engraulidae) with description of four new species" (1948). Through the courtesy of Dr. Hildebrand, a very extensive collection of the U. S. National Museum was available for comparison and study. The principal collection examined was that of Dr. W. C. Schroeder, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, especially rich in specimens from Brazil. The sequence of characters used in the redescriptions is fairly uniform that is, the various characteres commonly reported are named in the same order. This uniform sequence was carried out for the convenience of the student who in using the paper should soon learn where to look the redescription of any particular character he may wish to check. The geographical distribution of the specimens here considered is shown on the accompanying Map.

Resumo em Inglês:

Continuing the inventory of the Coelenterate Fauna of the Brazilian coast, 23 species of Hydrozoa and a Scyphomedusa are recorded from different points of the coast aproximately between 22º and 24º lat. S. Of these, 14 species were already known from other points of the coast and the remaining 10 were unknown from this latitude. Two species are here listed as new, they are: Halocordyle fragHis and Calicella gabriellae. 1. - Halocordyle fragilis, Stechow's (1923) correction of the generic name Pennaria has been followed, shows remarkable distinctive specific characters such as: alternate distribution of the cladii which do not lie all in the same plane, they are inserted at random on the hydrocaulus with a tendency towards a spiral dexiotropic distribution, sparse distribution of the pedicels which are alternate and not all located on the same side of the hydrocladium, and, finally, the long, wiry aspect of the colony which is as brittle as light glass. This characteristics are not sufficient, to my belief, to establish a new genus, since the polyps and the gonophores are entirely of the Halocordyle type, but they confer upon the species a very peculiar habitus. 2. - Calicella gabriellae forms erect hydrocauli which are extremely soft and flexuose, with hydrothecate and intermediate internodes. The thecae are deep, cylindrical, with a conical base, there are 10-12 long and narrow opercular valves. The gonangia are small, conical, with a short distal digitiform process. The included sporosac exhibits maturing ova. Dynamena heteroclonta described by Jarvis (1922) as a new species, is here considered as a new form of the very variable species Dynamena quadridentata. Schizotricha billardi nom. nov., is specifically separated from Sch. diaphana (Heller) to which it had been identified up to know. The Brazilian colonies agree with the French Somaliland specimens described by Billard (1904) and they are reunited in a new species named after the French worker. The main difference, between the two mentioned species are: shape and size of the gonothecae, of the thecae and of the nematophores. A description is given of all the species not previously recorded from the Brazilian coast as well as biological observations on Olindias sambaquiensis whose shoals during winter months are very large and may entangle partially the fishermen's nets. Its feeding and swimming habits are described and the species proves to be an excellent laboratory animal both for class and research purposes, for it easily endures long transportation (even up to 12 hours during summer months) as well as unoxygenized acquaria and nevertheless greadily feeds on any animal food.

Resumo em Inglês:

This work was done with the aim of computing all the species of Hydrozoa (Siphonophora excluded) that have been collected on the Brazilian coast, or in the pelagial, near the coast (some of the "Meteor" Stations). Nutting's (1900, 1904, 1915) and Mayer's (1910) monographs were taken as starting points and later papers and the Zoological Record used to check posterior findings. As a whole, 116 different valid names, among species and forms, have been mentioned from the Brazilian coast, distributed among 60 genera. Of the 116 species, 82 are represented by hydropolyps, 30 by hydromedusae (11 of which belong to the Trachylina and therefore lack a polypoid generation) and finally, by 4 species of which are known both polypoid and medusoid generations. The subdivision of the coast has been made at random, on account of the scarcity of the findings, except for the best known district, that goes from the latitude of Vitoria (State of Espirito Santo, at about 20ºlat.S.) to the bay of Santos (State of São Paulo, about 24ºlat.S.). The latitude of Cabo Frio (23ºlat.S.) was considered as a possible natural barrier, and the results of the global counting of the distribution of the hydropolyps North and South of 23ºlat.S. is the following: 29 species are known only North of Cabo Frio, 26 only from the same latitude (see direction of the coast, along parallel 23ºS.) or further South and 28 species are known both North and South of the coast (of these, 5 species are "cosmopolitan"). Therefore it seems quite possible that Cabo Frio really is a barrier to the distribution of 55 species. 26 species are endemic to the Brazilian coast, of these, only 5 are found both North and South of the Cape, while-14 are found only North and 7 only South. No studies can be done, on the bathymetric distribution in relation to the latitude. These results must be considered as provisory since more extensive researches will probably alter these figures. However, I believe that they are significative as a mean index of the condition of the hydrozoan fauna of the Brazilian coast. A tentative working hypothesis is presented as to the possible factors that confer such a zoogeographic importance to the region of Cabo Frio, a fact that has been foreseen by Ekman (1935, p. 73). Geographic position, currents, latitude and nature of the sea bottom between the continent and the oceanic island of Trindade have been taken in consideration, and all of them seem to be possible eficient factors of separation. Furthermore, according to the data obtained by the "Meteor" Expedition in July 2, 1926, at station 164 (23º8'lat.S. - 42º5'long.W.) and station 165 (23º35'lat.S. - 40º52'long.W.) and by what is known by hearsay and local experience of the region (exact continued study is urgently needed), it seems possible that, off from the sharp curve that the coast has at Cabo Frio, there may be an irregularity of the general scheme of the current and local upwelling may be present that would explain the local low temperature, low salinity and high density of the superficial layers as well as the abundance of fishes; these factors might contribute towards the establishement of a zoogeographical barrier. Further work is needed and nothing more than an hypothesis can be presented for the moment.

Resumo em Português:

Esta nota é a primeira contribuição para a distribuição especial das algas marinhas do litoral paranaense (Caiobá). São considerados três tipos de litoral: a) Litoral rochoso sujeito à ação de arrebentação. b) Litoral rochoso mais ou menos abrigado. c) Manguesais. Dentro do esquema proposto, o primeiro tipo é subdividido em 2 zonas: 1.º) Zona dos borrifos, situada acima do limite médio da maré alta (fig. 2 n.º 1), correspondente à "Splash zone" ou à "Sprit zone" dos autores estrangeiros. 2.º) Zona de arrebentação (Ressaca), situada entre os níveis médios das marés baixa e alta, correspondendo à "Interdital zone" ou à "Gezeitenzone" dos autores estrangeiros, (fig. 2 n.º 2). A primeira zona só conta com uma alga, Lyngbya confervoides e pelo menos mais duas espécies de moluscos do gênero Littorina. A segunda zona, a mais rica tanto em algas como em animais, é essencialmente caracterizada em Caiobá pelas algas seguintes: Levringia sp. Chaetomorpha media e Centroceras clavulatum na parte mais alta, associadas a balanoides (craca) e a Mytilus perna (marisco). Mais abaixo domina Pterosiphonia pennata, Hypnea musciformis e Bryocladia thyrsigera. São apresentados também mais três tipos secundários dependendo das condições locais dos rochedos. Esta sucessão de Littorina, Balanus e Mytilus é a mesma existente no sul da África, segundo se depreende dos trabalhos de Stephenson (11,12) e de vários de seus colaboradores. O segundo tipo apresenta também duas zonas, sendo a segunda a mais rica e variada, aparecendo aqui como dominante, uma associação na qual, Callithamnion, Laurencia papulosa, Gigartina Teedii e Sargassum cymosum são as mais abundantes. É sugerida a existência de uma zona abaixo do limite inferior das marés baixas, zona essa representada por Rhodymenia Palmetta, Plocamium brasiliensis e Spatoglossum Schroederi pelo menos. É feita uma rápida enumeração das algas dos manguesais.

Resumo em Inglês:

This paper is to be considered as a first contribution to the special distribution regarding marine sea-weed of the Parana coast (Caiobá). We shall consider three coastal types: a) Those of the rocky coast subject to the action of waves. b) Those of the rocky coast but nevertheless more or less protected; and, c) Those of the marshy ground. "Within the proposed plan, the first type is divided into two zones: 1) The Splash Zone located above the average limit of the tide (fig. 2 n.º 1). Foreign authors call this zone also the Spritzone. 2) The Intertidal Zone (Ressaca), situated between the average of the levels of the tide. Foreign authors named this zone the Gezeitenzone (fig. 2 n.º 2). The first named of the two above zones contains only one species of sead-weed, Lyngbya confervoides and at least two species of molluks of the Littorina genus. The second zone is the richer one of the two in animals as well as in sea-weed and is especially characterized in Caiobá by means of the following sea-weeds: Levringia sp., Chaetomorpha media and Centroceras clavulatum. These are to be found in the upper part together with balanoids (craca) and Mytilus perna (marisco). Pterosiphonia pennata, Hypnea musciformis, and Bryocladia thyrsigera are prevalent in the lower part. Another three secondary types are to be found, however, this depending upon local conditions of the rocks. This succession of Littorina, balanoides and Mytilus is the same as that existing in the Southern part of Africa, as can be noted from works published by Stephenson (11,12) and various others of his collaborators. The second type also populates two zones, being the second one the richer and it also provides a grater variety. Here we find a group of sea-weeds and among them the following dominate Callithamnion, Laurencia papulosa, Gigartina Teedii and Sargassum cymosum. It is believed that there exists another zone below the inferior limit of the tide and the same presents us the species Rhodymenia Palmetta, Plocamium brasiliensis and Spatoglossum Schroederi. A quick enumeration of the sea-weeds living in the marshy ground is made.

Resumo em Português:

Tendo o Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia recebido abundante material carcinológico coletado pelo seu Diretor, Prof. W. Besnard, na excursão realizada à Ilha da Trindade e a outros pontos do País, deliberou o autor examinar os Arthropoda dessa região. Conquanto interessado, particularmente, pelos Decapoda Macrura, deliberou o autor estudar os Stomatopoda recebidos, desde que, além deles, as coleções do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia possuíam diversos representantes do litoral do Estado de São Paulo e da costa do Estado do Espírito Santo. Na ordem dos nossos conhecimentos a respeito dos exemplares da região litorânea dos continentes meridionais, a América do Sul ocupa, sem dúvida, lugar de muito pequeno destaque. Enquanto o setor do Pacífico já conta com pesquisas substanciais nesse terreno, o Atlântico figura entre as regiões mais negligenciadas. Nesta nota prévia, examinam-se, portanto, 9 (nove) espécies assinaladas por diversos autores, ao longo da costa brasileira. Delas, até o presente, foram identificadas, nas coleções do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, 4 (quatro). O autor se manifesta sobre as mesmas, dando de cada uma um desenho elucidativo de suas partes essenciais, de modo a facilitar a outrem a identificação. Dessa maneira, espera o autor ter contribuído, de algum modo, para a investigação de um dos grupos do Phylum dos Arthopoda, menos pesquisados no Brasil.

Resumo em Inglês:

As the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (The São Paulo Oceanographic Institute) received a great deal of carcinological material collected by its Director, Prof. W. Besnard, on the trip made to the Ilha da Trindade (20º 30' 00" S. & 29º 22' 00" W.), the author resolved to examine the Arthropoda of that region. Although especially interested in the Decapoda Macrura, the author determined to study the received Stomatopoda, considering that, besides these samples, the collections of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia possessed several specimens of the littoral of the State of S. Paulo and of the coast of the State of Espirito Santo. Respecting our knowledge about the specimens of the littoral region, South America surely occupy but a place of little importance in the range shown substancial researches in that matter, the Atlantic region is considered as one of the most neglected. In this previous note we are considering, therefore, nine species found by several authors along the Brazilian coast. From these ones, four could be identified in the collections of the Institute. The author refers to them, giving an explaining sketch of the essential parts of each of them. Thus, the author hopes to have given a contribution, at this rate, to the investigation of one of the groups of the Arthropoda Phylum, less studied in Brazil.