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Revista Ceres, Volume: 69, Número: 1, Publicado: 2022
  • Agricultural tractor performance fueled with proportions of biodiesel Agricultural Engineering

    Iamaguti, Priscila Sawasaki; Lopes, Afonso; Pinto, Antonio Alves; Lira, Thyago Augusto Medeiros; Lima, Leomar Paulo de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Among the fuel sources used nowadays, biofuels stand out for being renewable and biodegradable. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the performance and smoke opacity of an agricultural tractor in soil tillage activities, depending on the biodiesel blends and the engine rotation. Were used six blends of soy (S) and murumuru (M) biodiesel and seven engine rotation speeds. The results showed a directly proportional relationship between the drawbar power and the engine rotation decrease. Regarding hourly volumetric and weighted consumption, both presented the same behavior: the lowest consumptions were reached when using the two highest proportions of murumuru biodiesel, yet the highest specific consumption was obtained when using the 90M10S blend. Furthermore, the lowest opacity was emitted when the tractor was fueled with the three blends having the highest proportions of murumuru biodiesel. Blends with more than 80% of murumuru biodiesel promote lower fuel consumption than blends with a higher concentration of soy biodiesel. Regardless of the biodiesel blend, the traction force at the drawbar is directly proportional to an increase in the engine rotation speed. In smoke opacity, mixtures with more than 70% murumuru biodiesel promote less opacity than mixtures with a higher concentration of soy biodiesel.
  • Allometric models for estimating the leaf area of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) using a non-destructive method Crop Production

    Dias, Marlon Gomes; Silva, Toshik Iarley da; Ribeiro, João Everthon da Silva; Grossi, José Antônio Saraiva; Barbosa, José Geraldo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is a cut flower grown due to the wide diversity of colors and longevity in the post-harvest. The leaf area measurement is fundamental in plants because the leaves are directly related to several processes such as transpiration, radiation interception and CO2 fixation that enable the plant to grow. The objective of the work was to determine an allometric equation for estimating the leaf area of lisianthus from linear dimensions. 200 leaves were collected and the leaf length (L), leaf width (W), product between length and width (LW) and real leaf area (LA) were measured. The criteria for determining the best model were the highest determination coefficient (R2), Willmott's concordance index (d), lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC), root mean square error (RMSE) and BIAS index closest to zero. The most suitable model for estimating the leaf area of lisianthus is the linear ŷ = 1.387*LW.
  • Bioactive compounds, bromatological and mineral characterization of blackberries in a subtropical region Crop Production

    Rotili, Maria Cristina Copello; Villa, Fabíola; Silva, Daniel Fernandes da; Rosanelli, Solivan; Braga, Gilberto Costa; Ritter, Giovana

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological, mineral and bioactive compounds of blackberry grown in a subtropical region. Blackberries fruits (Rubus sp.), Grown in an orchard of Unioeste, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon (Paraná, Brazil), were used. Immediately after harvest, the fruits were taken to the Food Technology Laboratory for chemical analysis and bioactive compounds. The fruit samples for the analysis of reducing, bromatological and mineral sugars were frozen and sent to private laboratories. Hybrids are more perishable than cultivars. There is variation in color among the cultivars and hybrids studied. Hybrids and cultivars of black mulberry have a high content of ascorbic acid and fibers, with emphasis on the cultivar Tupy (75.0 mg 100 mL-1 and 7.23, respectively). Higher pH is verified in the cultivars Tupy and Arapaho (3.22 and 3.24, respectively). The Arapaho cultivar has fewer acid fruits (0.25 g 100 g-1), SS/total acidity ratio (36.88) and reducing sugar content (8.28 g 100g-1). Blackberry fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as cv. Chickasaw obtaining a higher content of total phenolic compounds (1368.84 mg EAG100mL-1) and the Boysenberry hybrid a greater amount of anthocyanin (5.11mg Ci-3-Gly g -1). The Chickasaw cultivar has a higher lipid content (4.59). There is no difference in moisture content, dry biomass and fruit firmness.
  • Chilling requirement of four peach cultivars estimated by changes in flower bud weights Crop Production

    Milech, Chaiane Govea; Dini, Maximiliano; Franzon, Rodrigo Cezar; Raseira, Maria do Carmo Bassols

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The adaptation of temperate fruit crops is a challenge being increased by the global warming. Chilling requirement is a key factor for adaptation. The objective of this study was to estimate the chilling requirement of peach cultivars BRS Bonão, Esmeralda, Granada and Eragil, using the Tabuenca test. Chilling accumulation was computed using four different chilling hour (≤ 7.2 ºC and ≤ 11 ºC) models; and chill units using the Low Chill model and the Taiwan model. The fresh bud weight and bud water contents were also evaluated. The Tabuenca test (based on differences in bud´s dry weight) showed a fairly good efficiency for estimating the end of dormancy in peach. However, under mild winter conditions, it is better to use fresh bud weights. Either one of three chilling accumulation computation models (temperature ≤ 7.2 °C, ≤ 11°C, or Taiwan model) is suitable to classify comparatively different cultivars, but none is accurate enough to conclude on the adaptation of a given cultivar to a specific site. Using hours of temperatures ≤ 11 ºC: ‘BRS Bonão’ needed around 180 hours for dormancy release; ‘Esmeralda’ around 250 hours; ‘Granada’ between 300 and 400 hours, and ‘Eragil’ more than 500 hours.
  • Direct onion sowing under soil tillage methods Crop Production

    Dotto, Lucas; Modolo, Alcir José; Vargas, Thiago de Oliveira; Sgarbossa, Maicon; Freitas, Juan Paulo Xavier de; Cadore, Luana da Silva

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Onion production is conditioned to the adopted techniques during the cultivation. Sowing depth, soil preparation and cultivars are determinant factors for productivity to be increased. Two experiments were developed, the first with the objective of evaluating the effect of sowing depths and soil preparation methods on the germination and development of onion seedlings, while the objective of the second was to evaluate the productivity of onion cultivars as a soil preparation function. In experiment I, the split plot scheme was adopted, where the main plots consisted on soil tillage methods (total area and bed) and in the subplots, the sowing depths (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 cm), with six replicates. Experiment II was carried out in a split plot scheme, in which the main plots consisted on soil tillage methods (total area and bed) and in the subplots, such as onion cultivars (Itajubá, Rainha, Salto Grande, Ômega, Mulata and BR29), with four replicates. The 1.5 cm sowing depth provided greater speed of germination and plant stand. Raising beds offers the best initial seedling development. The onion cultivation under beds offers the highest vegetative development and productivity.
  • Economic feasibility of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in carrot cultivation Crop Production

    Ceballos-Aguirre, Nelson; Restrepo, Gloria María; Hurtado-Salazar, Alejandro; Cuellar, Jorge Andrés; Sánchez, Óscar Julián

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The inclusion of more sustainable alternatives such as bacterial inoculants is a viable option for the competitiveness of vegetable crops in tropical countries such as Colombia. The economic feasibility of a bacterial suspension of G. diazotrophicus applied to the carrot crop was determined. The native isolate G. diazotrophicus GIBI029 was evaluated and the strain ATCC 49037 was used as a control. The experiment was installed in a subdivided plot design, where the plot was the bacterium G. diazotrophicus (ATCC49037 and GIBI029. The subplot was the concentration of G. diazotrophicus (88×106 CFU/mL and 18×107 CFU/mL) and, in it, the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (0% and 100% nitrogen and phosphorus) were assorted. The average weight of the carrot (g) and the yield by quality of the consuming organ (kg/ha) were evaluated. Through the production cycle, fixed, variable, and total costs were calculated. Benefit / cost ratios higher than 1.46 and net income up to US$ 10,817/ha were achieved. It is possible to efficiently and economically use the native isolate G. diazotrophicus GIBI029 in the search for more sustainable and competitive cultural practices.
  • Production and quality of Sweet Grape tomato in response to foliar calcium fertilization Crop Production

    Melo, Raphael Oliveira de; Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Rocha, Brunno César Pereira; Garcia Junior, Edimaldo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT In tomato, foliar application of calcium-based nutrient solutions is used to complement soil fertilization. However, knowledge regarding the factors that influence the effectiveness of foliar fertilizer applications remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency foliar fertilization with calcium for improving production and quality of hydroponic Sweet Grape tomatoes. An experiment was conducted in a commercial hydroponic system in a split-plit-plot scheme, with two calcium doses: 1,5 and 3 mmol L-1 of Ca. The solutions were sprayed on the leaves at intervals of 7 and 14 days, using commercial foliar fertilizers containing 0.3 g L-1 of calcium chloride or calcium acetate. The results indicate that the foliar application of calcium fertilizers, regardless of the amount of calcium provided in the nutrient solution and the frequency of applications, positively affects fruit production and quality. No difference was found between the effects of application of the two calcium sources, as well as the frequency of application.
  • Using nonlinear models to define production, production rate, and precocity of strawberry cultivars Crop Production

    Diel, Maria Inês; Lúcio, Alessandro Dal’Col; Schmidt, Denise; Tartaglia, Francieli de Lima; Tischler, André Luis; Lambrecht, Darlei Michalski

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate, using logistic model, the differences in early production, production rate and total productivity of two strawberry cultivars with transplants from different origins grown in substrate. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), with two strawberry cultivars (Albion and Camarosa) and two origins of transplants (National and Imported), with four repetitions consisting of eight plants. For the variable fruit mass, the logistic model was adjusted as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, and from the partial derivatives of the adjusted function, the critical points of the model were estimated. The use of the Logistic model allows evaluating precocity and rate of fruit production efficiently and accurately. The cultivar Camarosa was the most productive compared to the Albion cultivar, presenting a shorter production cycle, with a high production peak. The Albion cultivar was earlier, presenting more constant production during the evaluated production cycle. The transplant's origin did not show significantly different results for the cultivars evaluated. The producer must choose the cultivar that will be used based on its performance and also based on consumer preferences and fruit demand.
  • Population structure, diametric distribution and use of Commiphora leptopholoeos (Mart.) JB Gillett in arboreal Caatinga Physiology And Morphology Applied To Agriculture

    Medeiros, Walleska Pereira; Paula, Alessandro de; Barreto-Garcia, Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt; Lemos, Odair Lacerda

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the population structure, analyze the spatial distribution pattern and identify the potential use of the Commiphora leptopholoeos in the Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, BA. Thus, three disjoint transects of 40 x 160 m were installed for the phytosociological study and spatial distribution and subdivided into 64 plots of 10 x 10 m, for which the density and frequency values of regenerating individuals (dbh < 5 cm), and the density, frequency and basal area of arboreal size were calculated (dbh ≥ 5 cm). The spatial distribution pattern was calculated by the Morisita index, Payandeh’s dispersion index and the Chi-squared test for the different populations. The diametric distribution was in the form of a reverse J-shaped, usually indicate full regeneration with constant seed production, germination and recruitment. The stems of the species were mostly healthy, but with a large tillering percentage and tortuosity below the commercial height, constituting characteristics which favor uses for firewood, stakes and poles. The spatial distribution pattern values of the species for tree size and regeneration point to an aggregate spatial distribution or to a tendency to aggregation.
  • Agronomic trait selection and pre-germinative treatments in passion fruit hybrid Plant Breeding Applied To Agriculture

    Oliveira, Cíntia Patrícia Martins; Faria, Glaucia Amorim; Ferreira, Antonio Flavio Arruda

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Seed biometry and dormancy overcoming methods should be considered in the passion fruit production chain, in the seedling production stage, because of the different characteristics that condition the seedlings. The objective of this work was to identify and correlate the main biometric characteristics between seeds and seedlings and to select the best pre-germinative treatments in passion fruit hybrids. Seed length, width, thickness and weight were measured, and subsequently subjected to pre-germinative treatments, in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 x 3 (GA3 concentrations x scarification x hybrids) factorial scheme. In the initial development of the seedlings, the length of the aerial part, the diameter of the stem and the number of leaves were evaluated. Pearson's correlation matrix was estimated between seed and seedling characters and, subsequently, path analysis. The Classification Sum Index was used for the means of the characters under pre-germinative treatment. The best pre-germinative treatment for BRS GA is scarification and soaking in 50 mg of GA3, for BRS SC, soaking in 100 mg of GA3, and for BRS RC, immersion in 50 mg of GA3. Seed morphometric selection is a technique that should be recommended to obtain quality seedlings.
  • Characterization of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates from tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) in Colombia Plant Health

    Vanegas, Diana Marcela; Navarro, Rafael Angel; Alfanador, Lucia; Gutierrez, Jaime Andres; Morales, Juan Gonzalo; Gaviria, Bertha Miryam

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae causes losses in tobacco crops up 100%. In Colombia, P. nicotianae populations are poorly known causing wrong diagnostics and erratic management. Amplification of the Ypt1 gene and morphological characteristics of colonies, sporangia, chlamydospores and hyphae were used to identify P. nicotianae isolates. Races were identified according to the reaction induced by each isolate on the differential tobacco varieties Hicks, L8, KY 14 x L8 and NC 1071. As results, 71 isolates of P. nicotianae were identified and classified by races. Colonies of P. nicotianae were of white color, cottony and fluffy texture with smooth, non-swollen hyphae; spherical papillae with an average of 1.26 μm and non-papillated and intercalary chlamydospores of medium size of 1.02 μm that are typical characteristics of P. nicotianae. A species-specific PCR-amplified band of 389 bp was detected in all isolates tested. The presence of races 0, 1 and 3 of P. nicotianae were determined in the Colombian departments of Huila and Santander. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of physiological races 0, 1 and 3 of P. nicotianae in Colombia. Results are of relevance for disease management and tobacco breeding.
  • Prediction of diametric and dynamic structures in a semiarid forest (Caatinga) area submitted to Forest Management, Brazil Plant Health

    Brito, Adriano Castro de; Paula, Alessandro de; Barreto-Garcia, Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt; Souza, Deoclides Ricardo; Lima, Robson Borges de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Dynamics studies associated with prognosis can support planning actions for the conservation and sustainable use of forest resources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics and predict the diameter structure using the Markov chain model for an area of caatinga forest submitted to different management practices. The study was carried out in the Contendas do Sincorá National Forest in the state of Bahia. Four treatments were installed, corresponding to three management systems and one control. Data was obtained measuring all individuals with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 cm. The measurements were performed at two moments in 2015 and 2018. The results indicated that the selective cut-by-diameter treatment had the lowest mortality rate and the highest recruitment rate. Predictions of the diameter structure using the Markov chain do not generally present statistical differences (α0.01) between the observed and expected frequencies for the year 2018. It was concluded that the basal area showed a tendency for recovery and growth in the treatments which involved suppression compared to the control, with no statistically significant differences among treatments until the moment after intervention.
  • [RETRACTED ARTICLE] Biochar and swine wastewater: Effects on soil fertility of different textures and corn nutrition Soils And Plant Nutrition

    Cunha, Erivelton Gonçalves da; Guidinelle, Rebyson Bissaco; Rangel, Otacilio José Passos; Passos, Renato Ribeiro

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The use of organic waste in agriculture has stimulated the search for technologies that reduce environmental pollution. Among the residues are the biochar and swine wastewater (SW), which incorrectly disposed cause negative impacts, however, when combined, they can enhance agricultural production, due to the synergism between both. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the influence of doses of biochar, from conilon coffee straw, combined or not with swine wastewater diluted to 50% (SW50%), on the nutrient content in medium and clayey texture soils and in the corn plant tissue. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with five doses of biochar, two irrigation waters and two soils, with three repetitions. The pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2 and Na+ in the soil and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Na in plant were evaluated. The addition of biochar in doses linearly increased the levels of P and K+ in both soil textures, with synergy when irrigated with SW50%. The SW50% provided a nutrients increase in the corn plant tissue. The agricultural use of biochar from conilon coffee straw was important to increase the content of P and, mainly, K in the aerial part of corn.
  • Performance of wheat varieties grown from seeds with different vigor levels Vegetative And Seminiferous Propagation

    Koch, Felipe; Monteiro, Manoela Andrade; Martinazzo, Emanuela Garbin; Rolim, Jessica Mengue; Pedó, Tiago; Aumonde, Tiago Zanatta

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wheat plant grown from seeds with different vigor levels. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 x 3 factorial design (cultivar x vigor level) with four replications. The wheat cultivars were Tbio Toruk, Tbio Mestre and Tbio Iguaçu. The classification of vigor levels was high, medium and low, determined by several vigor procedures. The following evaluations were performed: plant height, number of spikelets in the main tiller, number of seeds in the main tiller, seed mass in the main tiller, number of fertile tillers, number of seeds in tillers, seed mass in tillers, number of plants.m-2, number of spikes.m-2, and grain yield per hectare. The use of high vigor seeds provides a greater number of wheat plants and spikes per area. Grain yield is affected significantly by seed vigor level: there is an increase of up to 11% by using high vigor seeds compared to low vigor seeds.
  • Rooting potential of grapevine rootstocks cuttings Short Communication

    Wurz, Douglas André; Feldberg, Nelson Pires; Brighenti, Alberto Fontanella

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the rooting potential and propagation of seventeen grapevinevine rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Canoinhas - Santa Catarina, in 2018 and 2019. Woody canes from the grapevine rootstocks 99R, 110R, 420 A Mgt, 101-14 Mgt, IAC 766, IAC 313, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony, Kober 5BB, Paulsen 1103, Salt Creek, Solferino, SO4 and VR043-43 were collected during dormancy period. After 45 days of the experiment installation, parameters considered as quality indi cators were evaluated: percentage of rooting; average number and length of roots, number of leaves and length of branches. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The rootstocks showed different rooting behaviors, and it is concluded that 101-14 Mgt, IAC 572, Courdec 3309, Freedom, Gravesac, Harmony and Paulsen 1103 have greater rooting and propagation potential. While 110 R, 420 A Mgt and VR 043-43 present difficulties in propagation, due to low rooting, low number of roots and low average length of roots; requiring the use of exogenous auxin, in order to increase rooting rates.
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