Experimental Valuation Diagnostics of Hydrous Ethanol Sprays Formed by a Blurry Injector

Azevedo, Claudia Gonçalves de; Andrade, José Carlos de; Costa, Fernando de Souza

doi:10.5028/jatm.v5i2.231

ABSTRACT:

Concerns about the rising fuel price and environmental changes have led to the search for alternative fuels and energy sources. The interest in improving the performance of power generation, with the aim of reducing costs, increasing operating efficiency, and reducing the emissions of pollutants, has driven the scientific community to work on new burning technologies. Flameless combustion is one of the best alternative new technologies for a clean and efficient one. The burning of liquid fuels in power generation and propulsion systems depends on the effective atomization to increase the surface area of the fuel and thus to achieve high rates of mixing and evaporation. This work described the spray characteristics of hydrous ethanol in a blurry injector for applications in a flameless compact combustion chamber. The experimental results are obtained over a range of relatively low flow rates with different air-toliquid mass flow ratios.

KEYWORDS:
Blurry injector; Hydrous Ethanol; Drop size; Discharge coefficients

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REFERENCES

Batarseh, F.Z., Roisman, I.V. and Tropea, C., 2010, “Characterization of a spray generated by an airblast atomizer with prefilmer”, Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 20, No 10, pp. 887-903.
Bolszo, C.D. and McDonell, V.G., 2009, “Evaluation of plain-jet air blast atomization and evaporation of alternative fuels in a small gas turbine engine application”, Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 19, No 8, pp. 771-785.
Clack, H. L., Koshland, C. P., Lucas, D. and Sawyer, R. F., 2004, “Development of an air-blast atomizer for independent control of droplet size and spray density”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 14, No 3, pp. 265-288.
Delmeé G.J., 1983, “Manual de Medição de Vazão”, São Paulo, Editora Edgard Blucher, 474 p.
Dent, T.J., 2012, “Mesoscale power generation incorporating heat-recirculation, porous inert media, and thermoelectric modules”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA.
Gajdeczko, B.F., Luff, J., Dryer, F.L. and Lavid, M., 2000, “Laser Ignition of Liquid Oxygen/Ethanol Propellants”, Twenty-Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Abstracts of Work in Progress Poster Presentations (No. 2-B20), The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 244 p.
Gañán-Calvo, A.M., 2005, “Enhanced Liquid Atomization: From Flow-Focusing to Flow-Blurring”, Applied Physics, Letters 86.
Hoeg, D.P., Wang, Z., Friedman, P. D. and Laoulache, R. N., 2008, “Investigation of a coaxial air-blast atomizer using particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 18, No 8, pp. 739-759.
Konstantinov, D., Marsh, R., Bowen, P. and Crayford, A., 2010, “Effervescent atomization for industrial energy-technology review”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 20, pp. 525-552.
Lefebvre, A.H., 1983, “Gas Turbine Combustion”, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C.
Lefebvre, A.H., 1988, “A novel method of atomization with potential gas turbine applications”, Defense Sciences Journal, Vol. 38, pp. 353-362.
Lefebvre, A.H., 1989, “Atomization and Sprays ”, Hemisphere, New York.
Lefebvre, A.H., 1992a, “Energy consideration in twin-fluid atomization”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine, Vol. 114, pp. 89-96.
Lefebvre, A.H., 1992b, “Twin Fluid Atomization: Factors Influencing Mean Drop Size”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 2, No 2, pp. 101-119.
Lefebvre, A.H. et al., 1988, “Spray characteristics of aerated-liquid pressure atomizers”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 4, pp. 293-298.
Lörcher, M., Schmidt, F. and Mewes, D., 2005, Effervescent atomization of liquids, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 15, pp. 145-168.
Lorenzetto, G.E. and Lefebvre, A.H., 1977, “Measurements of Drop Size on a Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizer”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 7, pp. 1006-1010.
Panchasara, H.V., Sequera, D.E., Schreiber, W.C. and Agrawal, A.K., 2009, “Emissions Reductions in Diesel and Kerosene Flames Using a Novel Fuel Injector”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 984-987.
Sadasivuni, V. and Agrawal, A.K., 2009, “A novel meso-scale Combustion System for Operation with Liquid Fuels”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 32, pp. 3155-3162.
Simmons, B. and Agrawal, A.K., 2010, “Spray Characterization of a Flow-Blurring Atomizer”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 20, pp. 821-835.
Simmons, B.M., Panchasara, H.V. and Agrawal, A.K., 2008, “Effect of fuel injection concept on combustion performance of liquid fuels”, Proceedings of 2008 Technical Meeting of the Central States Section of The Combustion Institute, Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh.
Sovani, S.D., Sojka, P.E. and Lefebvre, A.H., 2001, “Effervescent atomization”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 27, pp. 483-521.
Wünning, J.A. and Wünning, J.G., 1997, “Flameless Oxidation to Reduce Thermal No-formation”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 81-94.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
Apr-Jun 2013

History

Received
11 Feb 2013
Accepted
06 Apr 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Batarseh, F.Z., Roisman, I.V. and Tropea, C., 2010, “Characterization of a spray generated by an airblast atomizer with prefilmer”, Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 20, No 10, pp. 887-903.

[2] Bolszo, C.D. and McDonell, V.G., 2009, “Evaluation of plain-jet air blast atomization and evaporation of alternative fuels in a small gas turbine engine application”, Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 19, No 8, pp. 771-785.

[3] Clack, H. L., Koshland, C. P., Lucas, D. and Sawyer, R. F., 2004, “Development of an air-blast atomizer for independent control of droplet size and spray density”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 14, No 3, pp. 265-288.

[4] Delmeé G.J., 1983, “Manual de Medição de Vazão”, São Paulo, Editora Edgard Blucher, 474 p.

[5] Dent, T.J., 2012, “Mesoscale power generation incorporating heat-recirculation, porous inert media, and thermoelectric modules”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA.

[6] Gajdeczko, B.F., Luff, J., Dryer, F.L. and Lavid, M., 2000, “Laser Ignition of Liquid Oxygen/Ethanol Propellants”, Twenty-Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Abstracts of Work in Progress Poster Presentations (No. 2-B20), The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 244 p.

[7] Gañán-Calvo, A.M., 2005, “Enhanced Liquid Atomization: From Flow-Focusing to Flow-Blurring”, Applied Physics, Letters 86.

[8] Hoeg, D.P., Wang, Z., Friedman, P. D. and Laoulache, R. N., 2008, “Investigation of a coaxial air-blast atomizer using particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 18, No 8, pp. 739-759.

[9] Konstantinov, D., Marsh, R., Bowen, P. and Crayford, A., 2010, “Effervescent atomization for industrial energy-technology review”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 20, pp. 525-552.

[10] Lefebvre, A.H., 1983, “Gas Turbine Combustion”, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C.

[11] Lefebvre, A.H., 1988, “A novel method of atomization with potential gas turbine applications”, Defense Sciences Journal, Vol. 38, pp. 353-362.

[12] Lefebvre, A.H., 1989, “Atomization and Sprays ”, Hemisphere, New York.

[13] Lefebvre, A.H., 1992a, “Energy consideration in twin-fluid atomization”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine, Vol. 114, pp. 89-96.

[14] Lefebvre, A.H., 1992b, “Twin Fluid Atomization: Factors Influencing Mean Drop Size”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 2, No 2, pp. 101-119.

[15] Lefebvre, A.H. et al., 1988, “Spray characteristics of aerated-liquid pressure atomizers”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 4, pp. 293-298.

[16] Lörcher, M., Schmidt, F. and Mewes, D., 2005, Effervescent atomization of liquids, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 15, pp. 145-168.

[17] Lorenzetto, G.E. and Lefebvre, A.H., 1977, “Measurements of Drop Size on a Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizer”, AIAA Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 7, pp. 1006-1010.

[18] Panchasara, H.V., Sequera, D.E., Schreiber, W.C. and Agrawal, A.K., 2009, “Emissions Reductions in Diesel and Kerosene Flames Using a Novel Fuel Injector”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 984-987.

[19] Sadasivuni, V. and Agrawal, A.K., 2009, “A novel meso-scale Combustion System for Operation with Liquid Fuels”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 32, pp. 3155-3162.

[20] Simmons, B. and Agrawal, A.K., 2010, “Spray Characterization of a Flow-Blurring Atomizer”, Atomization and Sprays , Vol. 20, pp. 821-835.

[21] Simmons, B.M., Panchasara, H.V. and Agrawal, A.K., 2008, “Effect of fuel injection concept on combustion performance of liquid fuels”, Proceedings of 2008 Technical Meeting of the Central States Section of The Combustion Institute, Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh.

[22] Sovani, S.D., Sojka, P.E. and Lefebvre, A.H., 2001, “Effervescent atomization”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 27, pp. 483-521.

[23] Wünning, J.A. and Wünning, J.G., 1997, “Flameless Oxidation to Reduce Thermal No-formation”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 81-94.

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