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Em busca de uma abordagem integrativa do conhecimento organizacional

Resumos

Contribuições sobre a gestão de conhecimento e a aprendizagem organizacional para uma estratégia organizacional sustentável têm suscitado interesse crescente nos últimos anos. No entanto, a corrente tradicional desses estudos e a teoria da firma baseada no conhecimento não possibilitam uma perspectiva mais ampla e integradora do problema. Este ensaio sumaria conclusões de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a importância das técnicas de compartilhamento de conhecimento tácito, sobre o papel das comunidades de prática no estímulo à transferência do conhecimento e sobre o uso da narrativa das estórias organizacionais como veículo de transferência, todas reproduzindo o enfoque dominante sobre o conhecimento organizacional. E sugere uma abordagem alternativa, integradora, a partir da biologia cognitiva e das redes de comunicação e das estruturas de significados a ela associadas.


Contributions about knowledge management and organizational learning towards a sustainable organizational strategy have been arousing increased attention in recent years. However these mainstream studies and the knowledge-based theory of the firm do not enable a more comprehensive and integrative perspective of the problem. This academic essay summarizes the conclusions of a bibliographic research about tacit knowledge sharing techniques, the role of the communities of practice in fostering knowledge transference and about the uses of organizational storytelling as a knowledge transference vehicle, reproducing the main approach to organizational knowledge. It suggests an alternative integrative approach, founded on cognitive biology and on its communication networks and structures of meaning.


ARTIGOS / ARTICLES

Em busca de uma abordagem integrativa do conhecimento organizacional

Jorge Augusto de Sá Brito e FreitasI ; Sergio Proença LeitãoII

IConsultor de empresas e doutorando IAG/ PUC-Rio

IIProf. IAG/ PUC-Rio

RESUMO

Contribuições sobre a gestão de conhecimento e a aprendizagem organizacional para uma estratégia organizacional sustentável têm suscitado interesse crescente nos últimos anos. No entanto, a corrente tradicional desses estudos e a teoria da firma baseada no conhecimento não possibilitam uma perspectiva mais ampla e integradora do problema. Este ensaio sumaria conclusões de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a importância das técnicas de compartilhamento de conhecimento tácito, sobre o papel das comunidades de prática no estímulo à transferência do conhecimento e sobre o uso da narrativa das estórias organizacionais como veículo de transferência, todas reproduzindo o enfoque dominante sobre o conhecimento organizacional. E sugere uma abordagem alternativa, integradora, a partir da biologia cognitiva e das redes de comunicação e das estruturas de significados a ela associadas.

ABSTRACT

Contributions about knowledge management and organizational learning towards a sustainable organizational strategy have been arousing increased attention in recent years. However these mainstream studies and the knowledge-based theory of the firm do not enable a more comprehensive and integrative perspective of the problem. This academic essay summarizes the conclusions of a bibliographic research about tacit knowledge sharing techniques, the role of the communities of practice in fostering knowledge transference and about the uses of organizational storytelling as a knowledge transference vehicle, reproducing the main approach to organizational knowledge. It suggests an alternative integrative approach, founded on cognitive biology and on its communication networks and structures of meaning.

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REFERÊNCIAS

ADLER, P.S. Market, hierarchy, and trust: the knowledge economy and the future of capitalism. Organization Science, v.12, n. 2, p. 215-234, 2001.

AHUJA, M. K.; GALVIN, J. E. Socialization in virtual groups. Journal of Management, v. 29, n. 2, p. 161-185, 2003.

ALLEE, V. The knowledge evolution: expanding organizational intelligence. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

_________. The future of knowledge. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. ANTONACOPOULOU, E. P.; GABRIEL, Y. Emotion, learning and organizational change - toward an integration of psychoanalytic and other perspectives. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v. 14, n. 5, p. 435-451, 2001.

AUGIER, M.; VENDELØ, M. T. Networks, cognition and management of tacit knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, v. 3, n. 4, p. 252-261, 1999.

BAKER, W. Achieving success through social capital. New York: John Wiley, 2000.

BATESON, G. Mente e natureza: a unidade necessária. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1986.

BLACKLER, F. Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations: an overview and interpretation. Organization Studies, v. 16, n. 6, p. 1021-1046, 1995.

BOYCE, M. E. Organizational story and storytelling: a critical review. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v. 9, n. 5, p. 5-26, 1996.

BROWN, J.; ISSACS, D. The world café: living knowledge through conversations that matter. The Systems Thinker, v. 12, n. 5, 2001.

CAPRA, F. As conexões ocultas: ciência para uma vida sustentável. S. Paulo: Cultrix/Amana-Key, 2002.

COHEN, D.; PRUSAK, L. In good company: how social capital makes organizations work. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2001.

DAWSON, R. Developing knowledge-based client relationships. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.

DENNING, S. The springboard: how storytelling ignites action in knowledge-era organizations. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

DESPRES, C.; CHAUVEL, D. A thematic analysis of the thinking in knowledge management. In: DESPRES, C.; CHAUVEL, D. (ed.). Knowledge horizons: the present and promise of knowledge management. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.

DOZ, Y. L.; HAMEL, G. Alliance advantage: the art of creating value through partnering. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.

FORD, J. D.; FORD, L. W. The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 3, p. 541-570, 1995.

________; ___________; McNAMARA, R. T. Resistance and the background conversations of change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v.15, n.2, p.105-121, 2002.

GABRIEL, Y. Storytelling in organizations: facts, fictions, and fantasies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

GONGLA, P.; RIZZUTO, C. R. Evolving communities of practice: IBM Global Services experience. IBM Systems Journal, v.40, n. 4, 2001.

GRANT, R. M. The knowledge-based view of the firm. In: CHOO, C. W.; BONTIS, N. (ed.) The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

HARKINS, P.; CARTER, L.; TIMMINS, A.J. (ed.). Best practices in knowledge management & organizational learning handbook. Lexington, MA: Linkage Press, 2000.

HAYES, N. e WALSHAM, G. Participation in groupware-mediated communities of practice: a socio-political analysis of knowledge working. Information and Organization, v. 11, p.263-288, 2001.

HEDLUND, G. A model of knowledge management and N-form corporation. Strategic Management Journal, v. 15 (Special Issue), p. 73-90, 1994.

HILDRETH, P.; KIMBLE, C.; WRIGHT, P. Communities of practice in distributed international environment. Journal of Knowledge Management, v.4, n.1, 2000.

IBARRA, H. Making partner: a mentor's guide to the psychological journey. Harvard Business Review, v.78, n.2, 2000.

INKPEN, A. e DINUR, A. Knowledge management processes and international joint ventures. Organization Science, v.9, n. 4, p. 454-468, 1998.

KRONE, K.J.; JABLIN, F. M.; PUTNAM, L.L. Communication theory and organizational communication: multiple perspectives. In: PUTNAM, L.L. et al.(ed.) Handbook of organizational communication: an interdisciplinary perspective. London: Sage, 1987.

LAM, A. Tacit knowledge, organizational learning and societal institutions: an integrated framework. Organization Studies, v.21, n. 3, 2000.

LEITÃO, S.P.; ROUSSEAU, K. Introdução à natureza da mudança transformadora nas organizações na perspectiva da biologia cognitiva. Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Administração, PUC-Rio, outubro de 2003 (Documento de trabalho n. 98).

LESSER, E. L.; STORCK, J. Communities of practice and organizational performance. IBM Systems Journal, v. 40, n. 4, 2001.

LUHMAN, N. The autopoiesis of social systems. In: LUHMAN, N. Essays in selfreference. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

MARSICK, V. J.;VOLPE, M.; WATKINS, K. E. Theory and practice of informal learning in the knowledge era. In: MARSICK, V. J.; VOLPE, M. (ed.). Informal learning on the job. Advances in Developing Human Resources, v.3, p. 80-95. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1999.

MATURANA, H. R. Emoções e linguagem na educação e na política. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2001.

_____________; VARELA, F. J. A árvore do conhecimento. São Paulo: Palas - Athena, 2001.

_____________ e REZEPKA, S. N. Formação humana e capacitação. 2a. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2000.

McELROY, M.W. Social innovation capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v.3, n.1, p.30-39, 2002.

_______________ .The new knowledge management: complexity, learning and sustainable innovation. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.

MINTZBERG, H. The structuring of organizations: a synthesis of the research. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

NAHAPIET, J.; GHOSHAL, S. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 2, 1998.

NEUHAUSER, P. C. Corporate legends & lore. Austin, TX: PCN Associates, 1993.

NONAKA, I.; TAKEUCHI, H. Criação de conhecimento na empresa. Rio: Campus, 1997.

________; TOYAMA, R.; e KONNO, N. SECI and leadership: a unified model of dynamic knowledge creation. Long Range Planning, v. 33, n.1, p. 5-34, 2000.

PORAC, J. F.; MEINDL, J.R.; STUBBART, C. Introduction. In: MEINDL, J.R.; STUBBART, C.; e PORAC, J.F. (ed.) Cognition within and between organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1996.

PRANGE, C. Aprendizagem organizacional - desesperadamente em busca de teorias? In: EASTERBY-SMITH, M.; BURGOYNE, J.; ARAUJO, L (coord.). Aprendizagem organizacional e organização de aprendizagem. S.Paulo: Atlas, 2001.

RAMOS, A. G. A nova ciência das organizações. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1981.

SKYRME, D. J. Developing a knowledge strategy: from management to leadership. In: MOREY, D.; MAYBURY,M.; THURAISINGHAM, B. (ed.). Knowledg management: classic and contemporary works. Cambridge, MS: MIT Press, 2000.

SNOWDEN, D. The ecology of a sustainable knowledge program. Knowledge Management, v.1, n. 6, p.1-14, 1998.

SPEKMAN, R. E.; ISABELLA, L. A.; MacAVOY, T. C. Alliance competence: maximizing the value of your partnerships. New York: Wiley, 2000.

STERNBERG, R. J. et al. Practical intelligence in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

SVEIBY, K.-E. A knowledge-based theory of the firm to guide strategy formulation. Proceedings of the ANZAM Conference, Macquarie University, Sydney, April 12, 2000.

SWAP, W. et al. Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, v.18, n.1, 2001.

Van BUREN, M. A yardstick for knowledge management. Training and Development Journal, v. 53, n. 5, p. 71-78, 1999.

von KROGH, G.; GRAND, S. From economic theory toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. In: CHOO, C. W.; e BONTIS, N. (ed.) The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

von KROGH, G.; ICHIJO, K.; NONAKA, I. Enabling knowledge creation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

WALLACE, W. Knowledge creation and innovation: meeting the tacit knowledge challenge. Proceedings of the 3rd. Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning Conference, London, March 12-15, 2001.

WEICK, K. E. Making sense of the organization. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

WENGER, E. Communities of practice: learning, meaning and identity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

_________; McDERMOTT, R.; SNYDER, W.M. Cultivating communities of practice. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2002.

  • ADLER, P.S. Market, hierarchy, and trust: the knowledge economy and the future of capitalism. Organization Science, v.12, n. 2, p. 215-234, 2001.
  • AHUJA, M. K.; GALVIN, J. E. Socialization in virtual groups. Journal of Management, v. 29, n. 2, p. 161-185, 2003.
  • ALLEE, V. The knowledge evolution: expanding organizational intelligence. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.
  • _________. The future of knowledge. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.
  • ANTONACOPOULOU, E. P.; GABRIEL, Y. Emotion, learning and organizational change - toward an integration of psychoanalytic and other perspectives. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v. 14, n. 5, p. 435-451, 2001.
  • AUGIER, M.; VENDELØ, M. T. Networks, cognition and management of tacit knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, v. 3, n. 4, p. 252-261, 1999.
  • BAKER, W. Achieving success through social capital. New York: John Wiley, 2000.
  • BATESON, G. Mente e natureza: a unidade necessária. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1986.
  • BLACKLER, F. Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations: an overview and interpretation. Organization Studies, v. 16, n. 6, p. 1021-1046, 1995.
  • BOYCE, M. E. Organizational story and storytelling: a critical review. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v. 9, n. 5, p. 5-26, 1996.
  • BROWN, J.; ISSACS, D. The world café: living knowledge through conversations that matter. The Systems Thinker, v. 12, n. 5, 2001.
  • CAPRA, F. As conexões ocultas: ciência para uma vida sustentável. S. Paulo: Cultrix/Amana-Key, 2002.
  • COHEN, D.; PRUSAK, L. In good company: how social capital makes organizations work. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2001.
  • DAWSON, R. Developing knowledge-based client relationships. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.
  • DENNING, S. The springboard: how storytelling ignites action in knowledge-era organizations. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.
  • DESPRES, C.; CHAUVEL, D. A thematic analysis of the thinking in knowledge management. In: DESPRES, C.; CHAUVEL, D. (ed.). Knowledge horizons: the present and promise of knowledge management. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.
  • DOZ, Y. L.; HAMEL, G. Alliance advantage: the art of creating value through partnering. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
  • FORD, J. D.; FORD, L. W. The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, v. 20, n. 3, p. 541-570, 1995.
  • ________; ___________; McNAMARA, R. T. Resistance and the background conversations of change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, v.15, n.2, p.105-121, 2002.
  • GABRIEL, Y. Storytelling in organizations: facts, fictions, and fantasies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • GONGLA, P.; RIZZUTO, C. R. Evolving communities of practice: IBM Global Services experience. IBM Systems Journal, v.40, n. 4, 2001.
  • GRANT, R. M. The knowledge-based view of the firm. In: CHOO, C. W.; BONTIS, N. (ed.) The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • HARKINS, P.; CARTER, L.; TIMMINS, A.J. (ed.). Best practices in knowledge management & organizational learning handbook. Lexington, MA: Linkage Press, 2000.
  • HAYES, N. e WALSHAM, G. Participation in groupware-mediated communities of practice: a socio-political analysis of knowledge working. Information and Organization, v. 11, p.263-288, 2001.
  • HEDLUND, G. A model of knowledge management and N-form corporation. Strategic Management Journal, v. 15 (Special Issue), p. 73-90, 1994.
  • HILDRETH, P.; KIMBLE, C.; WRIGHT, P. Communities of practice in distributed international environment. Journal of Knowledge Management, v.4, n.1, 2000.
  • IBARRA, H. Making partner: a mentor's guide to the psychological journey. Harvard Business Review, v.78, n.2, 2000.
  • INKPEN, A. e DINUR, A. Knowledge management processes and international joint ventures. Organization Science, v.9, n. 4, p. 454-468, 1998.
  • KRONE, K.J.; JABLIN, F. M.; PUTNAM, L.L. Communication theory and organizational communication: multiple perspectives. In: PUTNAM, L.L. et al.(ed.) Handbook of organizational communication: an interdisciplinary perspective. London: Sage, 1987.
  • LAM, A. Tacit knowledge, organizational learning and societal institutions: an integrated framework. Organization Studies, v.21, n. 3, 2000.
  • LEITÃO, S.P.; ROUSSEAU, K. Introdução à natureza da mudança transformadora nas organizações na perspectiva da biologia cognitiva. Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de Administração, PUC-Rio, outubro de 2003 (Documento de trabalho n. 98).
  • LESSER, E. L.; STORCK, J. Communities of practice and organizational performance. IBM Systems Journal, v. 40, n. 4, 2001.
  • LUHMAN, N. The autopoiesis of social systems. In: LUHMAN, N. Essays in selfreference. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.
  • MARSICK, V. J.;VOLPE, M.; WATKINS, K. E. Theory and practice of informal learning in the knowledge era. In: MARSICK, V. J.; VOLPE, M. (ed.). Informal learning on the job. Advances in Developing Human Resources, v.3, p. 80-95. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1999.
  • MATURANA, H. R. Emoções e linguagem na educação e na política. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2001.
  • _____________; VARELA, F. J. A árvore do conhecimento. São Paulo: Palas - Athena, 2001.
  • _____________ e REZEPKA, S. N. Formação humana e capacitação. 2a. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2000.
  • McELROY, M.W. Social innovation capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, v.3, n.1, p.30-39, 2002.
  • _______________ .The new knowledge management: complexity, learning and sustainable innovation Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.
  • MINTZBERG, H. The structuring of organizations: a synthesis of the research. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
  • NAHAPIET, J.; GHOSHAL, S. Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, v. 23, n. 2, 1998.
  • NEUHAUSER, P. C. Corporate legends & lore. Austin, TX: PCN Associates, 1993.
  • NONAKA, I.; TAKEUCHI, H. Criação de conhecimento na empresa. Rio: Campus, 1997.
  • ________; TOYAMA, R.; e KONNO, N. SECI and leadership: a unified model of dynamic knowledge creation. Long Range Planning, v. 33, n.1, p. 5-34, 2000.
  • PORAC, J. F.; MEINDL, J.R.; STUBBART, C. Introduction. In: MEINDL, J.R.; STUBBART, C.; e PORAC, J.F. (ed.) Cognition within and between organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1996.
  • PRANGE, C. Aprendizagem organizacional - desesperadamente em busca de teorias? In: EASTERBY-SMITH, M.; BURGOYNE, J.; ARAUJO, L (coord.). Aprendizagem organizacional e organização de aprendizagem. S.Paulo: Atlas, 2001.
  • RAMOS, A. G. A nova ciência das organizações. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1981.
  • SKYRME, D. J. Developing a knowledge strategy: from management to leadership. In: MOREY, D.; MAYBURY,M.; THURAISINGHAM, B. (ed.). Knowledg management: classic and contemporary works. Cambridge, MS: MIT Press, 2000.
  • SNOWDEN, D. The ecology of a sustainable knowledge program. Knowledge Management, v.1, n. 6, p.1-14, 1998.
  • SPEKMAN, R. E.; ISABELLA, L. A.; MacAVOY, T. C. Alliance competence: maximizing the value of your partnerships. New York: Wiley, 2000.
  • STERNBERG, R. J. et al. Practical intelligence in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • SVEIBY, K.-E. A knowledge-based theory of the firm to guide strategy formulation. Proceedings of the ANZAM Conference, Macquarie University, Sydney, April 12, 2000.
  • SWAP, W. et al. Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, v.18, n.1, 2001.
  • Van BUREN, M. A yardstick for knowledge management. Training and Development Journal, v. 53, n. 5, p. 71-78, 1999.
  • von KROGH, G.; GRAND, S. From economic theory toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. In: CHOO, C. W.; e BONTIS, N. (ed.) The strategic management of intellectual capital and organizational knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • von KROGH, G.; ICHIJO, K.; NONAKA, I. Enabling knowledge creation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • WALLACE, W. Knowledge creation and innovation: meeting the tacit knowledge challenge. Proceedings of the 3rd. Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning Conference, London, March 12-15, 2001.
  • WEICK, K. E. Making sense of the organization. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.
  • WENGER, E. Communities of practice: learning, meaning and identity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • _________; McDERMOTT, R.; SNYDER, W.M. Cultivating communities of practice. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2002.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    28 Out 2014
  • Data do Fascículo
    Ago 2004
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