Linking geomorphologic knowledge, RS and GIS techniques for analyzing land cover and land use change: a multitemporal study in the Cointzio watershed, Mexico

Conectando conhecimento geomorfológico, percepção remota e técnicas de geoprocessamento para a análise de cobertura da terra e mudanças no uso da terra: um estudo multitemporal na bacia Cointzio, México

Abstracts

It is well-established that changes in land cover and land use (LCLU) are relevant to current local and global changes that are directly linked with food security, human health, urbanization, biodiversity, trans-border migration, environmental refuges, water and soil quality, runoff and sedimentation rates, and other processes. This paper examines LCLU change processes within the Cointzio watershed (Central Mexico). The analysis covers a 28-year time period from 1975 to 2003. LCLU changes were deduced from multi-temporal remote sensing analyses (1975, 1986, 1996, 2000 and 2003). Nearly all of the LCLU changes experienced in the Cointzio watershed occurred during the 1986-1996 period. Half of the 665 km² of the watershed have changed during this period, in what corresponds to a ten-fold increase in the rate of change as compared to the 1975-1986 and 1996-2003 periods. These massive changes are probably related to the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, which limited the transit of undocumented Mexican workers to the United States of America. The methodology applied in this research constitutes a low-cost alternative for evaluating the impact of LCLU change in watersheds. The magnitude of land use change differed during the periods of analyses in the watershed, functional zones and geoforms. The methodological approach applied in this analysis integrates standard procedures to evaluate land cover and land use change in watersheds. Due to the practical value of the results, the data and information generated during the analysis have been made available to local authorities.

watershed management; Physical Geography; land cover and use change; remote sensing; GIS

Está bem estabelecido que alterações na cobertura vegetal e o uso da terra (LCLU) têm um papel relevante nos atuais processos de mudanças locais e globais, dos quais estão diretamente vinculados com a segurança alimentar, a saúde humana, a urbanização, a biodiversidade, a migração transfronteiriça, os refúgios ambientais, a qualidade da água e do solo, o escoamento e taxas de sedimentação, entre outros processos. Este trabalho objetivou analisar os processos de mudança de LCLU dentro da bacia hidrográfica Cointzio (México Central). A análise abrangeu o período de 28 anos entre 1975 e 2003. As mudanças de LCLU foram detectadas por análise multitemporal baseada em técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (1975, 1986, 1996, 2000 e 2003). 46% das mudanças da LCLU ocorreram na bacia hidrográfica Cointzio no período de 1986 a 1996, o que corresponde a um incremento de dez vezes na taxa de mudança em comparação com os períodos 1975-1986 e 1996-2003. Essas modificações massivas estão provavelmente relacionadas com a Reforma da Imigração e a Lei de Controle (IRCA) de 1986, que limitou o trânsito dos trabalhadores mexicanos sem documentos de autorização aos estados Unidos da América. A metodologia aplicada nessa investigação constitui uma alternativa de baixo custo para avaliação do impacto da mudança LCLU em bacias. A magnitude dos processos de mudança de uso da terra varia durante os períodos de análise na bacia hidrográfica, nas zonas funcionais hidrográficas e nas geoformas. O enfoque metodológico aplicado nessa análise integra os procedimentos que avaliam mudanças de cobertura e uso da terra em bacias. Devido à utilidade prática dos resultados, as informações geradas foram colocadas a disposição das autoridades locais com o propósito de apoiar tomadas de decisão.

manejo de bacia hidrográfica; Geografia Física; mudança na cobertura vegetal e uso da terra percepção remota; SIG

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  08 Oct 2013
• Date of issue
  Apr 2013