Polychaete assemblage of an impacted estuary, Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Santi, Leonardo; Tavares, Marcos

Abstracts

Thirty-eight stations were sampled in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to assess the spatio-temporal diversity and biomass of sublittoral polychaetes. Samples were collected during the dry (September 2000) and rainy season (May 2001) in shallow sublittoral sediments. The polychaete spatial composition showed a heterogeneous distribution throughout the bay. A negative gradient of diversity and biomass was observed towards the inner parts of the bay and sheltered areas. A wide azoic area was found inside the bay. Some high-biomass and low-diversity spots were found near a sewage-discharge point. In these areas, the polychaete biomass increased after the rainy season. A diversified polychaete community was identified around the bay mouth, with no dramatic changes of this pattern between the two sampling periods. Deposit-feeders were dominant in the entire study area. The relative importance of carnivores and omnivores increased towards the outer sector, at stations with coarse sediment fractions. Guanabara Bay can be divided into three main zones with respect to environmental conditions and polychaete diversity and biomass patterns: A) High polychaete diversity, hydrodynamically exposed areas composed of sandy, oxidized or moderately reduced sediments with normoxic conditions in the water column. B) Low diversity and high biomass of deposit and suspension-feeding polychaete species in the middle part of the bay near continental inflows, comprising stations sharing similar proportions of silt, clay and fine sands. C) Azoic area or an impoverished polychaete community in hydrodynamically low-energy areas of silt and clay with extremely reduced sediments, high total organic matter content and hypoxic conditions in the water column, located essentially from the mid-bay towards the north sector. High total organic matter content and hypoxic conditions combined with slow water renewal in the inner bay seemed to play a key role in the polychaete diversity and biomass. Sedimentation processes and organic load coming from untreated sewage into the bay may have negatively affected the survivorship of the fauna.

Soft-bottom; Polychaeta; Macroinfauna; Hypoxia; Monitoring programs; Pollution

Trinta e oito estações foram amostradas na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no intuito de descrever a diversidade e biomassa de poliquetas sublitorais. As coletas foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos do ano: seco (Setembro 2000) e chuvoso (Maio de 2001). A distribuição espacial dos poliquetas sublitorais demonstrou ser nitidamente heterogênea na Baía de Guanabara. Um gradiente negativo de diversidade e biomassa foi observado em direção as partes internas e protegidas da baía. Foi encontrada uma grande área azóica dentro da baía. Por outro lado, algumas áreas com alta biomassa e baixa diversidade foram encontradas nas proximidades de locais com despejo de esgoto urbano não tratado. Nestas áreas foi observado aumento da biomassa de poliquetas no período chuvoso. Uma comunidade diversificada foi identificada na entrada da baía sem mudanças dramáticas deste padrão entre os dois períodos estudados. Os depositívoros de superfície foram dominantes em toda a área estudada. A importância relativa dos carnívoros e omnívoros aumentou em direção ao setor externo contendo estações de coleta com frações granulométricas mais grosseiras. A Baía de Guanabara pôde ser dividida em três principais regiões levando-se em consideração as condições ambientais, diversidade e biomassa de poliquetas sublitorais: A) área com alta diversidade situada em regiões hidrodinamicamente mais expostas, compostas por areias oxidadas ou pouco reduzidas e com concentrações normais de oxigênio dissolvido na coluna d'água; B) área com baixa diversidade e alta biomassa de poliquetas depositívoras e suspensívoras na porção intermediária da baía próxima a efluentes urbanos, abrangendo estações com contribuições semelhantes de silte, argila e areias finas; C) área azóica ou com emprobecimento da comunidade de poliquetas, apresentando baixa densidade em regiões com baixa energia hidrodinâmica compostas por silte e argila em condição extremamente reduzida, altas concentrações de matéria orgânica total e pouca disponibilidade de oxigênio na coluna d'água, localizada essencialmente do meio até o setor norte da baía. O alto conteúdo de matéria orgânica e as condições de hipoxia da coluna d´água, combinados com a baixa renovação das águas nas áreas protegidas, parecem ter exercido papel fundamental na diversidade e biomassa das poliquetas sublitorais. Os processos de sedimentação e o aporte orgânico intenso a que a Baía de Guanabara está sujeita podem ter contribuído negativamente para a sobrevivência da fauna.

Substrato inconsolidado; Polychaeta; Macroinfauna; Hipoxia; Programas de monitoramento; Poluição

ALONGI, D. M. Ecology of tropical soft-bottom benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging concepts. Revta Biol. trop., v. 37, n. 1, p. 85-100, 1989.
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AMADOR, E. S. Baía de Guanabara e ecossistemas periféricos - Homem e Natureza. Published by the author, 1997. p. 539.
ANDRADE, L.; GONZALEZ, A. M.; ARAÚJO, F. V.; PARANHOS, R. Flow cytometry assessment of bacterioplankton in tropical marine environments. J. Microbiol. Meth., The Netherlands, v. 55, n. 3, p. 841-850, 2003.
ANDRADE, D. S. D.; MACIEL, N. C. Os manguezais do recôncavo da Baía de Guanabara. Cadernos FEEMA, série técnica 10/79. Rio de Janeiro, 1979. p. 113.
CARREIRA, R. S.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; READMAN, J. FILEMAN, M. S. A.; VEIGA, A. Changes in the sedimentary organic carbon pool of a fertilized tropical estuary, Guanabara Bay, Brazil: an elemental, isotopic and molecular marker approach. Mar. Chem., v. 79, p. 207-227, 2002.
CLARKE, K. R.; WARWICK, R. M. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Plymouth: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, 1994. p. 144.
COGNETTI, G. On some aspects of the ecology of the benthic littoral Polychaetes. Boll. Zool, v. 45, p. 145-154, 1978.
DATTA, N. C.; SARANGI, N. Benthic macroinvertebrate community of estuarine waters of west Bengal, India. In: THOMPSON, M. F.; SAROJINI, R.; BUHUSHANAM, R. N. (Ed.). Biology of benthic marine organisms Techniques and methods as applied to the Indian Ocean. Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1987. p. 247-255.
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FARACO, L. F. D; LANA, P. C. Response of polychaetes to oil spills in natural and defaunated subtropical mangrove sediments from Paranaguá Bay (SE Brazil). Hydrobiologia, v. 496, n. 1-3, p. 321-328, 2003
FAUCHALD, K.; JUMARS, P. A. The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. ann. Rev., v. 1, p. 193-284, 1979.
FLORES, JR., R. G.; BARRETO M. K.; COSTA, H. R. On the relationship between ecological and physicochemical water quality parameters: a case study at the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. In: Ecological diversity in theory and practice Fairland, Maryland: International Co-operative Publishing House, 1979. p. 195-206.
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GRAY, J. S. Species richness of marine soft sediments. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., v. 244, p. 285-297, 2002.
GRAY, J. S.; WU, R. S.; OR, Y. Y. Effects of hypoxia and organic enrichment on the coastal marine environment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 238, p. 249-279. 2002.
GUILLE, A. Benthic bionomy of continental shelf of the French Catalane coast. II. Benthic communities of the macrofauna. Vie Milieu, v. 21, n. 8, p. 149-280, 1970.
HIDROSERVICE-GEIPOT. Hidroservice Engenharia de Projetos e Grupo de Estudos para a Integração Política de Transporte (GEIPOT) - Prestação de serviços de consultoria para a elaboração de plano diretor para aproveitamento da área do contorno do fundo da Baía de Guanabara. Rio de Janeiro. Relatório final, 1974.
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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
15 Jan 2010
Date of issue
Dec 2009

History

Accepted
24 June 2009
Reviewed
27 Feb 2009
Received
31 July 2008

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ALONGI, D. M. Ecology of tropical soft-bottom benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging concepts. Revta Biol. trop., v. 37, n. 1, p. 85-100, 1989.

[2] ALCÂNTARA, F.; WASHINGTON, D. C. An analytical synoptic-dynamic study about the severe weather event over the city of Rio de Janeiro on Jan 2, 1987: In, MAGOON, O.; NEVES, C. (Ed.). Coastlines of Brazil, New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989. p. 195-204.

[3] AMADOR, E. S. Baía de Guanabara e ecossistemas periféricos - Homem e Natureza. Published by the author, 1997. p. 539.

[4] ANDRADE, L.; GONZALEZ, A. M.; ARAÚJO, F. V.; PARANHOS, R. Flow cytometry assessment of bacterioplankton in tropical marine environments. J. Microbiol. Meth., The Netherlands, v. 55, n. 3, p. 841-850, 2003.

[5] ANDRADE, D. S. D.; MACIEL, N. C. Os manguezais do recôncavo da Baía de Guanabara. Cadernos FEEMA, série técnica 10/79. Rio de Janeiro, 1979. p. 113.

[6] CARREIRA, R. S.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; READMAN, J. FILEMAN, M. S. A.; VEIGA, A. Changes in the sedimentary organic carbon pool of a fertilized tropical estuary, Guanabara Bay, Brazil: an elemental, isotopic and molecular marker approach. Mar. Chem., v. 79, p. 207-227, 2002.

[7] CLARKE, K. R.; WARWICK, R. M. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Plymouth: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, 1994. p. 144.

[8] COGNETTI, G. On some aspects of the ecology of the benthic littoral Polychaetes. Boll. Zool, v. 45, p. 145-154, 1978.

[9] DATTA, N. C.; SARANGI, N. Benthic macroinvertebrate community of estuarine waters of west Bengal, India. In: THOMPSON, M. F.; SAROJINI, R.; BUHUSHANAM, R. N. (Ed.). Biology of benthic marine organisms Techniques and methods as applied to the Indian Ocean. Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1987. p. 247-255.

[10] DEXTER, D. M.; CROOKS, J. A. Benthic communities and the invasion of an exotic mussel in Mission Bay, San Diego: A long-term history. Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., v. 99, n. 3, p. 128-146, 2000.

[11] FARACO, L. F. D; LANA, P. C. Response of polychaetes to oil spills in natural and defaunated subtropical mangrove sediments from Paranaguá Bay (SE Brazil). Hydrobiologia, v. 496, n. 1-3, p. 321-328, 2003

[12] FAUCHALD, K.; JUMARS, P. A. The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. ann. Rev., v. 1, p. 193-284, 1979.

[13] FLORES, JR., R. G.; BARRETO M. K.; COSTA, H. R. On the relationship between ecological and physicochemical water quality parameters: a case study at the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. In: Ecological diversity in theory and practice Fairland, Maryland: International Co-operative Publishing House, 1979. p. 195-206.

[14] GRASSHOFF, K.; EHRHARDT, M.; KREMLIING, K. Methods of sea water analysis 2nd ed. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1983. 419 p.

[15] GRAY, J. S. Animal-sediment relationships. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. ann. Rev., v. 12, p. 223-261, 1974.

[16] GRAY, J. S. Species richness of marine soft sediments. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., v. 244, p. 285-297, 2002.

[17] GRAY, J. S.; WU, R. S.; OR, Y. Y. Effects of hypoxia and organic enrichment on the coastal marine environment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 238, p. 249-279. 2002.

[18] GUILLE, A. Benthic bionomy of continental shelf of the French Catalane coast. II. Benthic communities of the macrofauna. Vie Milieu, v. 21, n. 8, p. 149-280, 1970.

[19] HIDROSERVICE-GEIPOT. Hidroservice Engenharia de Projetos e Grupo de Estudos para a Integração Política de Transporte (GEIPOT) - Prestação de serviços de consultoria para a elaboração de plano diretor para aproveitamento da área do contorno do fundo da Baía de Guanabara. Rio de Janeiro. Relatório final, 1974.

[20] HOLTE, B. Possible ecological effects from Maldanid (Annelida, Polychaeta) "super-dominance" in a small North Norwegian sill system. Ophelia, v. 55, n. 1, p. 69-75. 2001.

[21] JICA. The study on recuperation of the Guanabara Bay EcosystemMain Report, vol. 2. Tokyo: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd, 1994.

[22] JONES, G. P.; KALY, U. L. Criteria for selecting marine organisms in biomonitoring studies. In: SCHMITT, R.J.; ROSENBERG, C.W., (Ed.). Detecting ecological impacts - concepts and applications in coastal habitats. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996. p. 29-45.

[23] JØRGENSEN, B. B. Seasonal oxygen depletion in the bottom waters of a Danish fjord and its effects on the benthic community. Oikos, v. 34, p. 68-76, 1980.

[24] KENNISH, M. J. Pollution impacts on marine biotic communities Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1997. 310 p.

[25] KJERFVE, B.; RIBEIRO, C. H. A.; DIAS, G. T. M.; FILIPPO, A. M.; QUARESMA, V. S. Oceanographic characteristics of an impacted coastal bay: Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cont. Shelf Res, v. 17, n. 13, p. 1609-1643, 1997.

[26] LOPEZ, G. R.; LEVINTON, J. S. Ecology of depositfeeding animals in marine sediments. Q. Rev. Biol., v. 62, n. 3, p. 235-260, 1987.

[27] LU, L.; GOH, B. P. L.; CHOU, L. M. Effects of coastal reclamation on riverine macrobenthic infauna (Sungei Punggol) in Singapore. J. aquat. Ecosyst. Stress Recov., v. 9, p. 127-135, 2002.

[28] MARCOMINI, A.; PAVONI, B.; ORIO, A.A. Eutrophication of the Lagoon of Venice: Nutrient loads and exchanges. In: Eutrophic shallow estuaries and lagoons Murdoch: Institute for Environmental Science, Murdoch University. p. 59-80, 1995.

[29] MARTIN, D.; BALLESTEROS, E.; GILI, J. M.; PALACÍN, C. Small-scale structure of infaunal Polychaete communities in an estuarine environment: Methodological Approach. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, v. 36, p. 47-58, 1993.

[30] MAY, R. M. Patterns in multi-species communities. In: MAY, R. (Ed.). Theoretical ecology: Principles and applications. Blackwell. p. 197-227, 1981.

[31] MAYR, L.M.; TENENBAUM, D.R.; VILLAC, M.C.; PARANHOS, R.; NOGUEIRA, R.; BONECKER, S.L.C.; BONECKER, A.C. Hydrobiological characterization of Guanabara Bay. In: MAGOON, O.T.; NEVES, O. (Ed.). Coastlines of Brazil.American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1989. p. 124-139.

[32] MENDES, C.L.T.; TAVARES, M.; SOARES-GOMES, A. Taxonomic sufficiency for soft-bottom sublittoral mollusks assemblages in a tropical estuary, Guanabara Bay, Southeast Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 54, p. 377-384, 2007.

[33] MÉNDEZ, N.F.J.; ROMERO, J. Littoral soft-bottom polychaete communities in a pollution gradient in front of Barcelona (Western Mediterranean, Spain). Bull. mar. Sci., v. 63, n. 1, p. 167-178, 1998.

[34] MUNIZ, P.; PIRES, A.M.S. Trophic structure of polychaetes in the São Sebastião Channel (southern Brazil). Mar. Biol., v. 134, p. 517- 528, 1999.

[35] MUNIZ, P.; PIRES, A.M.S. Polychaete association in a subtropical Environment (São Sebastião Channel, Brazil): a structural analysis. Mar. Ecol., v. 21, n. 2, p. 145-160, 2000.

[36] NALESSO, R. C., JOYEUX, J-C.; QUINTANA, C. O.; TOREZANI, E.; OTEGUI, A.C.P. Soft-bottom macrobenthic communities of the Vitória Bay Estuarine System, South-Eastern Brazil. Braz. J. Oceanogr., v. 53, n. 1/2, p. 23-38, 2005.

[37] OLIVEIRA, L. P. H. Poluição das águas marítimas, estragos na flora e fauna do Rio de Janeiro. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, v. 56, p. 39-59, 1958.

[38] OLIVEIRA, L.P.H.; KRAU, L. Estudos aplicados à recuperação biológica da Baía de Guanabara. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, v. 74, n. 2, p. 99-145, 1976.

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