Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Evaluation of culture media for counts of Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of yoghurt bacteria

Avaliação de meios de cultura para contagem de Bifidobacterium animalis na presença de bactéria no iogurte

Abstracts

Much attention has been paid to the use of Bifidobacterium sp. in yoghurts due to their excellent therapeutic and nutritional properties. However, in order to present health properties, it is recommended that each commercial product should indicate the minimum daily amount required for it to confer health benefit(s) based on in vitro and human studies. Besides the inherent low growth of Bifidobacterium sp in milk, there is a need for a reliable method for counting Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. This study evaluated the use of the media M-MRS, MRS-NNLP and RCPB pH5 aimed at counting the number of Bifidobacterium animalis subesp. lactis in the presence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus after yoghurt fermentation. The M-MRS medium was not selective, allowing for the growth of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. MRS-NNLP medium presented a good selectivity for B. animalis Bb12 with a slight reduction in the cell count of this microrganism when compared it to the standard MRS medium in pure culture. MRS-NNLP medium was considered a good option to enumerate B. animalis Bb12 although the reduction found in pure culture due to the low difference between the counts. The medium RCPB pH5 presented differentiated growth of B. animalis Bb12 in relation to the yoghurt bacteria and a cell recovery equal to that of the standard MRS, being considered the best option to enumerate Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria.

count; Bifidobacterium; lactic bacteria; yoghurt


Tem-se dado muita atenção à utilização de Bifidobacterium sp. em iogurtes devido às suas excelentes propriedades terapêuticas e nutricionais. Entretanto, é recomendado que, baseado em testes in vitro e em humanos, cada produto comercial indique qual a quantidade mínima diária recomendada de ingestão para que se obtenha os benefícios desejados à saúde. Além da inerente dificuldade do crescimento de Bifidobacterium sp em leite, há uma necessidade de padronização de um método de contagem confiável de Bifidobacterium sp na presença das bactérias do iogurte. Este trabalho avaliou o uso dos meios M-MRS, MRS-NNLP e RCPB pH5, visando a contagem do número de células de Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 na presença de Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus após a fermentação do iogurte. O meio M-MRS não foi seletivo, apresentando crescimento de L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. O meio MRS-NNLP apresentou boa seletividade para B. animalis Bb12, apesar de uma leve redução no número de células ter sido verificada quando comparado ao meio padrão MRS em cultura pura. O meio MRS-NNLP foi considerado uma boa opção para a contagem de B. animalis Bb12 porque a diferença encontrada entre as contagens em cultura pura foi bastante pequena. O meio RCPB pH5 apresentou crescimento diferencial de Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 em relação às bactérias do iogurte e uma recuperação de células igual ao meio padrão MRS, sendo considerado o melhor meio de cultura deste estudo para a contagem de Bifidobacterium sp na presença das culturas do iogurte.

contagem; Bifidobacterium; bactérias lácticas; iogurte


FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Evaluation of culture media for counts of Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of yoghurt bacteria

Avaliação de meios de cultura para contagem de Bifidobacterium animalis na presença de bactéria no iogurte

Juliana Moriya; Luciano Fachin; Ana Lourdes Neves Gândara; Walkiria Hanada Viotto* * Corresponding Author. Mailing address: Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos - Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos - Unicamp - Caixa postal 6121 - Campinas, SP - Brasil. Tel.: (19) 3521-3988 ou 3289-3617. E-mail: walkiria@fea.unicamp.br

Department of Food Technology, CP6121, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Brazil

ABSTRACT

Much attention has been paid to the use of Bifidobacterium sp. in yoghurts due to their excellent therapeutic and nutritional properties. However, in order to present health properties, it is recommended that each commercial product should indicate the minimum daily amount required for it to confer health benefit(s) based on in vitro and human studies. Besides the inherent low growth of Bifidobacterium sp in milk, there is a need for a reliable method for counting Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. This study evaluated the use of the media M-MRS, MRS-NNLP and RCPB pH5 aimed at counting the number of Bifidobacterium animalis subesp. lactis in the presence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus after yoghurt fermentation. The M-MRS medium was not selective, allowing for the growth of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. MRS-NNLP medium presented a good selectivity for B. animalis Bb12 with a slight reduction in the cell count of this microrganism when compared it to the standard MRS medium in pure culture. MRS-NNLP medium was considered a good option to enumerate B. animalis Bb12 although the reduction found in pure culture due to the low difference between the counts. The medium RCPB pH5 presented differentiated growth of B. animalis Bb12 in relation to the yoghurt bacteria and a cell recovery equal to that of the standard MRS, being considered the best option to enumerate Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria.

Key words: count, Bifidobacterium, lactic bacteria, yoghurt

RESUMO

Tem-se dado muita atenção à utilização de Bifidobacterium sp. em iogurtes devido às suas excelentes propriedades terapêuticas e nutricionais. Entretanto, é recomendado que, baseado em testes in vitro e em humanos, cada produto comercial indique qual a quantidade mínima diária recomendada de ingestão para que se obtenha os benefícios desejados à saúde. Além da inerente dificuldade do crescimento de Bifidobacterium sp em leite, há uma necessidade de padronização de um método de contagem confiável de Bifidobacterium sp na presença das bactérias do iogurte. Este trabalho avaliou o uso dos meios M-MRS, MRS-NNLP e RCPB pH5, visando a contagem do número de células de Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 na presença de Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus após a fermentação do iogurte. O meio M-MRS não foi seletivo, apresentando crescimento de L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. O meio MRS-NNLP apresentou boa seletividade para B. animalis Bb12, apesar de uma leve redução no número de células ter sido verificada quando comparado ao meio padrão MRS em cultura pura. O meio MRS-NNLP foi considerado uma boa opção para a contagem de B. animalis Bb12 porque a diferença encontrada entre as contagens em cultura pura foi bastante pequena. O meio RCPB pH5 apresentou crescimento diferencial de Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 em relação às bactérias do iogurte e uma recuperação de células igual ao meio padrão MRS, sendo considerado o melhor meio de cultura deste estudo para a contagem de Bifidobacterium sp na presença das culturas do iogurte.

Palavras-chave: contagem, Bifidobacterium, bactérias lácticas, iogurte

INTRODUCTION

According to FAO/WHO probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. It is recommended that each product should indicate the minimum daily amount required for it to confer health benefit(s) based on in vitro (animal) and human studies (5). There are many health aspects related to the use of Bifidobacterium sp as follow: treatment and prevention of diarrhoea, reduction in lactose intolerance in some individuals, to increase resistance to microbial infections, potential role in cancer prevention, possible treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, alleviation of constipation, impact on immune function and reduction of serum cholesterol (9). However, the conditions used for yoghurt manufacture are not optimal for the survival of bifidobacteria, resulting in low viability of the microorganisms in commercial products. In addition, the lack of a standard method to count these misroorganisms in the presence of yoghurt cultures makes it very difficult to improve the technology for the manufacture of these products. Thus the standardisation of a method for the selective or differential count of Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt cultures has become very important. Various methods for the selective count of Bifidobacterium sp in yoghurt, based on pure cultures, have been proposed (1-3,6-8,10-14).

The selective medium Maltose - de Man Rogosa Sharpe (M-MRS), developed for the isolation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in yoghurts (12) allows for the development of maltose-fermenting strains of Bifidobacterium sp. Dave and Shah (3,4) successfully used this medium to selectively count Bifidobacterium sp. in yoghurts.

Van der Wiel-Korstanje and Winkler (13) used the dye China Blue in CBRCA (China Blue-Blood-RCA) medium for the differential count of the predominant anaerobic microbiota in human faeces, establishing a concentration of 0.03% for the use of the dye. Subsequently, Onggo and Fleet (11) proposed the use of RCPB medium for the isolation and differentiation of Bifidobacterium sp, L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and S. thermophilus in yoghurts. These species were easily differentiated in this medium due to the distinct characteristics of the colonies on account of the action of the dye, forming halos round the S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus colonies. Subsequently, Rybka and Kailasapathy (12) proposed adjusting the pH of the medium to 5 (RCPB pH5) aiming at inhibiting the non-lactic milk microbiota.

Laroia and Martin (8) indicated the use of Glucose-Blood-Liver medium associated with the inhibitors nalidixic acid, neomycin sulphate, lithium chloride and paromomycin sulphate in 1991. Modler and Villa-Garcia (10) stated that the formulation described by Laroia and Martin two years before, was incomplete, since the component defibrinated blood (50mL horse or sheep blood/L) had been inadvertently removed from the formulation. Subsequently Dave and Shah (3,4) proposed using the antibiotics NNLP (nalidixic acid, neomycin sulphate, lithium chloride and paromomycin sulphate) together with MRS medium to selectively count Bifidobacterium in yoghurts.

According to Vinderola and Reinhemer (14), few methods are efficient in correctly counting yoghurt cultures containing bifidobacteria, making quality control difficult. Despite the great number of methods proposed in the literature, not all presented good results for the counting of Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. For the quality assurance of probiotic products, a safe, reliable routine method is required to quantify viable Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the media RCPB pH5, M-MRS and MRS-NNLP to count Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 in the presence of the lactic cultures of yoghurts after yoghurt fermentation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cultures

Freeze dried pure cultures of the following microorganisms were used: Bifidobacterium animalis subesp lactis (Chr. Hansen Indústria e Comércio Ltda, Valinhos, SP), Streptococcus thermophilus A (VisbyVac, Série 1000, Cotia, SP) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB341 TEXEL- Rhodia, Cotia, SP). The cultures were kept frozen until the time of the experiments, when they were activated as indicated in the following items.

Inoculum preparation and maintenance

The inoculum of B. animalis Bb 12 was prepared as follows (100 mL): powdered skimmed milk, brand name Molico (12.5g), and yeast extract (1g) were diluted to 85mL with Milli-Q water and sterilised at 115ºC for 10 min. (Universal Ortossintese Autoclave). One gram of glucose and 0.05g L-cysteine were diluted in 15 mL Milli-Q water and sterilised by filtering through a membrane with a pore size of 0.45 µm (Millipore®). Using lamina flow equipment, the sterile milk containing yeast extract was mixed with the solution of glucose and L-cysteine. Then B. animalis Bb 12 were activated at 37ºC for 18hr. and then cooled in an ice bath.

For yoghurt cultures, one inoculum for S. thermophilus and another for L. bulgaricus were made by incubating the freeze dried cells of each one in recombined skim milk (11% of solids), previously sterilised at 115ºC for 10 min., at 37ºC for 18hr. and then cooled in an ice bath.

Media for enumeration of pure cultures of Bifidobacterium MRS (de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe) medium

MRS medium (Oxoid) was sterilised at 121ºC for 15 min. and used as the standard medium for enumerating pure cultures of B. animalis Bb 12.

Media for enumeration of Bifidobacterium in the presence of yoghurt bacteria

1) Maltose-MRS (Maltose - de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe) medium

All the normal ingredients of MRS medium, with the exception of the agar and glucose, were suspended in 1L of distilled water and the pH adjusted to 6.6. Ten grams of agar were then added and the media sterilised at 121ºC for 15 min. To prepare the maltose solution, 25g maltose were dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water and sterilised by passing through a 0.45 µm filter (Millipore®). In the media sterilised were added 4 mL of this maltose solution to 100 mL of the medium at a temperature of about 50ºC. The media was homogenised carefully without excessive agitation, to avoid the incorporation of air.

2) MRS-NNLP medium

Commercial MRS medium (Oxoid) was sterilised at 121ºC for 15 min. in 96% of the total water weight of the final media. The inhibitors and the aminoacid L-cysteine were dissolved in the rest of the water (4%) and sterilised by vacuum filtration using a 0.42 µm pore membrane and then added to the sterilised MRS medium in a laminar flow at about 50ºC. The inhibitors concentration in the final medium were: lithium chloride 3 mg/mL, nalidixic acid 15 µ/mL, neomycin sulphate 100 µg/mL and paramomycin sulphate 200 µg/mL. The L-cysteine concentration was 0.5 g/mL in the final medium.

3) RCPB pH5 (Reinforced Clostridial Prussian Blue at pH5) medium

Commercial RCA medium (Oxoid) was supplemented with 0,01 g/mL glucose and adjusted to pH5 according to Rubka and Kailasapathy (12). RCA medium and Prussian blue dye (IRON III Ferrocyanide, Sigma-Aldrich) were sterilised separately at 115ºC for 15 min., cooled to 50ºC and mixed aseptically. The Prussian blue dye was adjusted at a final concentration of 0.03%.

Products

After cooling the inoculae in an ice bath the following tests were carried out:

A) B. animalis Bb12 culture was produced by incubating 1% of the inoculum of B. animalis Bb12 in reconstituted milk (12% solids plus 1% yeast extract);

B) Standard yoghurt was produced after incubation of 1% of the inoculum of S. thermophilus and 1% of the inoculum of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus in milk;

C) A mixture of B. animalis Bb12 culture (A) and the standard yoghurt (B) was prepared spreading the 10-4 to 10-6 dilutions of each culture directly onto the media's surfaces (M-MRS, MRS-NNLP or RCPB pH5);

D) The probiotic yoghurt was produced after incubation of 1% of the inoculum of B. animalis Bb 12 and 1% of each inoculum of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus in milk.

All products were incubated at 37ºC for 4hr. and 40 min. because it was the time-temperature required for the probiotic yoghurt (D) to reach pH 4.6. The counts were carried out on the media M-MRS, MRS-NNLP and RCPB pH5 for trials B, C and D, since the MRS medium was not selective or differential. For trial A, the count was carried out in MRS medium (used as the standard to evaluate recovery capacity) and in the media M-MRS, MRS-NNLP and RCPB pH5.

Quantitative evaluation

Decimal dilutions of 1.0 mL aliquots of B. animalis Bb12 (A), the standard yoghurt (B) and the probiotic yoghurt (D) were prepared in peptone water (0.1%) up to 10-6 UFC/mL. For plating, 0.1mL aliquots of the 10-4 to 10-6 dilutions of the cultures to be evaluated were spread on the medium surfaces in duplicate. For the item C mixture, 0.05 mL aliquots of the 10-4 to 10-6 dilutions of B. animalis Bb12 and of the standard yoghurt were spread on the medium surfaces. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 72 hr in anaerobic jars (Merck), using the Anaerocult A® (Merck) anaerobiosis generator. After the incubation period, the plates were analysed for differential or selective growth, and the cell recovery capacity of B. animalis Bb12 was compared with the count obtained for the pure B. animalis Bb12 (A) in standard MRS medium. For the RCPB pH5 medium, after the period of anaerobic incubation the plates were exposed to air for a few hours to allow for the formation of a blue halo around the L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus colonies. All experiments were carried out in triplicate.

Statistical analysis

The Tukey test was applied to check for differences in microbial recovery in the media studied using the Software Statistica 5.0.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

M-MRS medium

M-MRS is a selective medium that should inhibit the growth of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus permitting the growth of Bifidobacterium sp strains. This culture medium, however, was not selective for B. animalis Bb12 in relation to the strains studied, because a high cell count of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus (6,68 log CFU/mL) was verified and the appearance of colonies (white, with 0,5 to 1mm of diameter) was similar to that of B. animalis Bb12. Rybka and Kailasapathy (12) reported that some L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus strains could ferment maltose, and also that the presence of certain other components of the medium, such as meat extract, could favour development of this species. On the other hand, Dave and Shah (3) observed that the yoghurt bacteria did not grow in M-MRS medium, allowing for excellent recovery of Bifidobacterium sp, although the authors of this paper worked with other Bifidobacterium strains (B. bifidum 1900 and 1901, B. longum 1941 and 20097, B. adolescentis 1920, B. pseudolongum 20099, B. breve 1930 and B. infantis 1912).

MRS-NNLP medium

The MRS-NNLP medium showed good selectivity for Bifidobacterium sp, since S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus (B) failed to grow in this medium (Table 1). The yoghurt cultures in mixture (C) and in the probiotic yoghurt (D) also failed to grow. B. animalis Bb12 developed producing white, approximately 1mm diameter colonies when in pure culture (A) or in the probiotic yoghurt (D). Vinderola and Reinheimer (14) observed that S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus were able to develop in MRS-NNLP medium, although with low counts. Dave and Shah (3) obtained good performance with MRS-NNLP medium for the count of Bifidobacterium sp. in yoghurt and used it again to count Bifidobacterium sp. in a later study (4).

Table 1

RCPB pH5 medium

B. animalis Bb12 developed producing white colonies as described in the literature (12). However, the diameter of the colonies was smaller than the 2 mm described by Rybka and Kailasapathy (12), being approximately 1mm in the present study. In the standard yoghurt, L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus produced colonies with a blue halo and white centre, with a diameter varying from 1 to 2 mm. Rybka and Kailasapathy (12) observed that growth of S. thermophilus was prevented by adjusting the pH to 5. However in the present study, when only the yoghurt cultures were inoculated on the medium, S. thermophilus did grow, producing extremely small colonies with a slight blue halo and white centre. On the other hand, S. thermophilus failed to grow when the mixture of pure culture of B. animalis Bb12 and yoghurt cultures were inoculated directly onto the medium surface and when the probiotic yoghurt were counted (Table 2).

The factor responsible for this differentiation has yet to be completely elucidated. Onggo and Fleet (11) explained the formation of the blue halo as a function of a possible preferential metabolism of the dye by the yoghurt cultures, producing blue zones round the colonies. Another possibility could be a change in the oxido-reduction potential of the medium, caused by the S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. In the present study, it was discerned that the formation of the blue halo only occurred after exposing the surface of the plate to the air for a few minutes or even a few hours in some cases, which suggests that the second hypothesis is more likely. Another factor that appears to have influenced the appearance and intensity of blue zones was the greater acidification of the medium by the L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus cultures. The spreading of 6N HCl over the surface of the RCPB pH5 medium using a Pasteur pipette, considerably increased the blue tone of the medium, showing that greater acidification tended to form more intensely blue zones. To the contrary, the addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide formed a completely transparent zone on the medium, the characteristic blue colour of the medium disappearing. The Prussian blue forming reaction is well known and widely used in medicine to determine iron in cases of anaemia.

The B. animalis Bb12 count in RCPB pH5 medium was similar to that in standard MRS medium (Table 2). The count of the pure culture of B. animalis Bb12 was 6.58 log CFU/mL in RCPB pH5 medium and it was 6,56 log CFU/mL in the standard MRS medium. In the mixture, B. animalis Bb12 count was 6.53 log CFU/mL and in the probiotic yoghurt, B. animalis Bb12 count was 7.28 log CFU/mL. S. thermophilus only grew when resulting from the inoculation of the standard yoghurt, the count being 6.39 log CFU/mL. L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus developed well in all situations, but its colonies were easily distinguishable from the B. animalis Bb12 colonies on account of the blue halo. The RCPB pH5 medium proved to be suitable for counting Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria after yoghurt fermentation, not only because of the differential growth of its colonies, but also due to the excellent cell recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

The M-MRS medium failed to show selectivity for the B. animalis Bb12 count in yoghurt due to the growth of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. The MRS-NNLP medium showed good selectivity for B. animalis Bb12 and it was considered a good option to count B. animalis Bb12 after yoghurt fermentation, although showing a slight reduction in the number of viable bifidobacteria cells when compared to the standard MRS medium when the tests were carried out with pure cultures. Of the culture media studied, the RCPB pH5 medium was the most indicated for the count of B. animalis Bb12 in the presence of yoghurt bacteria after yoghurt fermentation, due to its ease of preparation and good Bifidobacterium recovery. More studies are recommendable in order to test these media with another Bifidobacterium and yoghurt bacteria strains and also during storage of yoghurt to better evaluate these media as standard media to enumerate Bifidobacterium sp in yoghurt.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To Chr. Hansen Indústria and Comércio Ltda (Valinhos, SP) for the donation of the Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 culture and to FAPESP for their financial support.

Submitted: August 01, 2005; Returned to authors for corrections: October 17, 2005; Approved: April 17, 2006

  • 1. Chateris, W.P.; Kelly, P.M.; Morelli, L.; Collins, J.K. Selective detection, enumeration and identification of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in mixed bacterial populations. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 35(1), p.1-27, 1997.
  • 2. Clark, P.A.; Cotton, L.N.; Martin, J.H. Selection of bifidobacteria for use as dietary adjuncts in cultured dairy foods: Tolerance to simulated pH of human stomachs. Cult. Dairy Prod. J., 28(4), p.11-14, 1993.
  • 3. Dave, R.I.; Shah, N.P. Evaluation of media for selective enumeration of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. J. Dairy Sci., 79(9), p.1529-1536, 1996.
  • 4. Dave, R.I.; Shah, N.P. Viability of yoghurt and probiotic bacteria in yoghurt made from commercial starter cultures. Int. Dairy J., 7(1), p.31-41, 1997.
  • 5
    FAO/WHO Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria, Amerian Córdoba Park Hotel, Córdoba, Argentina, 1-4 October 2001.
  • 6. Hartemink, R.; Kok, B.J.; Ween, G.H.; Rombouts, F.M. Raffinose-Bifidobacterium (RB) Medium, a new selective medium for Bifidobacteria. J. Microbiol. Meth., 27(1), p.33-43, 1996.
  • 7. Lankaputhra, W.E.V.; Shah, N.P.; Britz, M.L. Evaluation of media for selective enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Food Australia., 48(3), p.113-118, 1996.
  • 8. Laroia, S.; Martin, J.H. Methods for enumerating and propagating Bifidobactéria. Cult. Dairy Prod. J., 26(2), p.32-33, 1991.
  • 9. Leahy, S.C.; Higgins, D.G.; Fitzgerald, G.F.; Van Sinderen, D. Getting better with bifidobacteria, J. Appl. Microbiol., 98, p.1303-1315, 2005.
  • 10. Modler, H.W.; Villa-Garcia, L. The growth of Bifidobacterium longum in a whey-based medium and viability of this organism in frozen yogurt with low and high levels of developed acidity. Cult. Dairy Prod. J., 28(1), p.4-8, 1993.
  • 11. Onggo, I.; Fleet, G.H. Media for the isolation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria from yoghurts. Aust. J. Dairy Technol., 48(2), p.89-92, 1993.
  • 12. Rybka, S.; Kailasapathy, K. Media for the enumeration of yoghurt Bacteria. Int. Dairy J., 6(8-9), p.839-850, 1996.
  • 13. Van der Wiel-Korstanje, J.A.A.; Winkler, K.C. Medium for differential count of the anaerobic microbiota in human feces. Appl. Microbiol., 20(1), p.168-169, 1970.
  • 14. Vinderola, C.G.; Reinheimer, J.A. Culture media for the enumeration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. Int. Dairy J., 9(8), p.497-505,1999.
  • *
    Corresponding Author. Mailing address: Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos - Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos - Unicamp - Caixa postal 6121 - Campinas, SP - Brasil. Tel.: (19) 3521-3988 ou 3289-3617. E-mail:
  • Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      01 Mar 2007
    • Date of issue
      Dec 2006

    History

    • Reviewed
      17 Oct 2005
    • Received
      01 Aug 2005
    • Accepted
      17 Apr 2006
    Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia USP - ICB III - Dep. de Microbiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP - Brasil, Ramal USP 7979, Tel. / Fax: (55 11) 3813-9647 ou 3037-7095 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
    E-mail: bjm@sbmicrobiologia.org.br