Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladístical

Carvalho, Cláudio José Barros de

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751989000400009

Resumo

A cladistic analysis for 27 muscid genera is given, running the PAUP program (SWOFFORD, 1985). The 35 characters used in this study are polarized based on three outgroups of related families. A cladogram showing hypothetical phylogenetic relationships among genera and a discussion of the characters enable to propose a sequencial phylogenetic classification of Muscidae at tribal level. The following seven subfamilies and eight tribes are included: Achanthipterinae; Atherigoninae; Muscinae, with Muscini and Stomoxiini; Azeliinae, with Azeliini and Reinwardtiini; Phaoniinae; Mydaeinae, with Graphomyiini and Mydaeini and Coenosiinae, with Coenosiini and Limnophorini. Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 has not a defined position in the obtained cladogram to the considered levels. The neotropical species of Phaonia (aut.) must be separated in a new genus. The proposed classification is compared with contemporaneous classifications. The greatest congruence is found with that of SKIDMORE (1985).

Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladístical¹ 1 Contribuição nº 653 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Cláudio José Barros de Carvalho

C.P. 19020, 81504 Curitiba-PR. Bolsista do CNPq

ABSTRACT

A cladistic analysis for 27 muscid genera is given, running the PAUP program (SWOFFORD, 1985). The 35 characters used in this study are polarized based on three outgroups of related families. A cladogram showing hypothetical phylogenetic relationships among genera and a discussion of the characters enable to propose a sequencial phylogenetic classification of Muscidae at tribal level. The following seven subfamilies and eight tribes are included: Achanthipterinae; Atherigoninae; Muscinae, with Muscini and Stomoxiini; Azeliinae, with Azeliini and Reinwardtiini; Phaoniinae; Mydaeinae, with Graphomyiini and Mydaeini and Coenosiinae, with Coenosiini and Limnophorini. Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 has not a defined position in the obtained cladogram to the considered levels. The neotropical species of Phaonia (aut.) must be separated in a new genus.

The proposed classification is compared with contemporaneous classifications. The greatest congruence is found with that of SKIDMORE (1985).

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Às Professoras Dilma Solange Napp (UFPR) e Márcia Souto Couri (MNRJ) pela leitura crítica do manuscrito. Ao Dr. Daniel R. Brooks, Departament of Zoology, University of Toronto, pelas sugestões.

APÊNDICE

ALBUQUERQUE, D.O. 1955. Fauna do Distrito Federal: XXV - Três novas espécies de Phaoniinae (Diptera-Muscidae). An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 27 (3):373-380.
ALBUQUERQUE, D.O. & S.M.R. LOPES 1982. Sobre duas espécies novas de Muscidae da Amazônia pertencentes as subfamílias Muscinae e Cytoneurininae. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi (n.s.) 117:1-8.
BRAUER, F. & J.V. BERGENSTAMM 1889. Die Zweiflugler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscara Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomiydae). Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien (Math - Nat. Cl.) 56:69-180.
CARPENTER, J.M. 1987. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae (Hymnoptera: Vespidae). Syst. Entomol. 12:413-431.
CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1985. A new systematic position for Scenetes Malloch, 1936 with a description of the genitalia of S. cardini Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Mydaeinae). Revta bras. Ent. 29 (3/4):575-577.
CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989a. Revisão das espécies e posição sistemática de Palpibrachus Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (2):325-376.
CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989b. Revisão dos gêneros sul-americanos Brachygasterina Macquart e Correntosia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae). Rvta bras. Zool. 6 (3):473-484
CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989c. Revisão de Psilochaeta Stein e descrição de Dalcyella gen.n. do Chile (Diptera, Muscidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (3):485-506
CHILLCOTT, J.G. 1961. A Revision of the Neartic Species of Fanniidae (Diptera: Muscidae). Can. Entomol. Suppl. 14 [1960]:295p.
CHURCHILL, S.P.; E.O. WILEY & L.A. HAUSER 1984. A critique of Wagner groundplan-divergence studies and a comparison with other methods of phylogenetics analysis. Taxon 33 (2):212-232.
COLE, F.M. & E.I. SCHLINGER 1969. The files of western North America University California Press, xi+693p.
COLLIN, J.E. 1948. On the classification of the genera aliied to Musca L. (Diptera). Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (B) 17:125-127.
COURI, M.S. & S.M. LOPES 1985. Neotropical Genera of Coenosiinae - Nomenclature Notes and key to identification (Diptera-Muscidae). Revta bras. Biol. 45 (4):585-595.
ELZINGA, R.J. & A.B. BROCE 1986. Labellar modifications of Muscomorpha flies (Diptera). An. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 79 (1):149-209.
FARRIS, J.S. 1970. Methods for computing Wagner trees. Syst. Zool. 19 (1):83-92.
FARRIS, J.S. 1983. The logical basis of phylogenetic analysis, p. 7-39. In: Platnick, N.I. & V.A. Funk (eds). Advances in Cladistics Volume 2 New York, Columbia University Press, x+218p.
FARRIS, J.S.; A.G. KLUGE & ECKARDT. 1970. A Numerical approach to phylogenethic systematics. Syst. Zool., 19:172-191.
FELSENSTEIN, J. 1982. Numerical methods for inferring evolutionary trees. Q. Rev. Biol. 57 (4):379-404.
FINK, W.L. 1986. Microcomputers and Phylogenetc Analysis. Science 234:1135-1139.
GRIFFITS, G.C.D. 1972. The Phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhpha; with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Stuttgart, The Hague, unk, 340p.
HENNIG. W. 1952. Die Larvenformen der Dipteren Berlin, Akademie - Verlag, vii+628p.
HENNIG, W. 1955-1964. Muscidae. In: Lindnaer, E., Fliegen palearkt. Reg. 63b. Stuttgart, 1100p.
HENNIG, W. 1965a. Vorarbeiten zu einem phylogenetischen System der Muscidae (Diptera: Cyclorrahapha). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk 141:100p.
HENNIG, W. 1965b. Phylogenetic Systematics. An. Rev. Entomol. 10:97-116.
HENNIG. W. 1966. Phylognetic Systematics Urbana, University Illinois Press, viii+263p.
HENNIG, W. 1973. Ordnung Diptera (Zweifluger). In: Helmcke, J.G. et alii (ed). Handbuck der Zoologie, 4 (2):1-337.
HUCKETT, H.C. 1975. The Muscidae of California; exclusive of subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. 18:1-148.
HUCKETT, H.C. & J.R. VOCKEROTH. 1987. Muscidae, p 1115-1131. In: Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. II. Otawa, Agriculture Canada, Reseach Branch, Monograph 28, vi+675-1332p.
KLUGE, A.G. & J.F. FARRIS. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution os anurans. Syst. Zool. 18:1-32.
MADDISON, W.P.; M.J. DONOGHUE & D.R. MADDISON 1984. Outgroup analysis and parsimony. Syst. Zool. 33 (1):83-103.
MALLOCH, J.R. 1934. Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile London, Part 7 (2), p. 171-346.
NELSON, G.J. 1972. Phylogenetic relationship and classification. Syst. Zool. 21 (2):227-231.
PLATNICK, N.I. 1987. An empirical comparison of microcomputer parsimony programs. Cladistics, 3 (2):121-144.
PONT, A.C. 1972. Family Muscidae. In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 97, 111 p., Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.
PONT, A.C. 1977a. Family Muscidae, p. 451-523. In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). Honolulu, The University Press, 834p.
PONT, A.C. 1977b. The Australian and some other species of Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae). Aust. J. Zool. 25:347-369.
PONT, A.C. Family Muscidae. In: Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. Publications Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. 821:721-761.
PONT, A.C. 1986a. Family Muscidae. In: Soós, A. & L. Papp (ed). Catalogue of the Palearctic Diptera Budapest, Hugarian Natural History Museum, vol. 11:57-215.
PONT, A.C. 1986b. Studies on the Australian Muscidae (Diptera). VII. The genus Atherigona Rondani. Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 120:1-90.
ROBACK, S.S. 1951. A classification of the muscoid calyptratae Diptera. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 2 (1):89-100.
SCHINNER, J.R. 1868. Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zoologischer Theil, Bd. II. vi+338p. Wien.
SCHNABL, J. & H. DZIEDZICKI 1911. Die Anthomyiden. Nova Acta Leopold. 95:55-358.
SEGUY, E. 1937. Diptera, Family Muscidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insctorum, Bruxeles, 205:604p.
SKIDMORE, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the world Dordrecht Junk Publishers, xiv+550.
SNYDER, F. 1954. A revision of Cyrtoneurina Giglio-Tos, with notes on related genera (Diptera, Muscidae. Bull. Am. nat. Hist. 103 (6):417-464.
SNYDER, F. 1957. Notes and descriptions of some neotropical Muscidae (Diptera). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 113 (6):437-490.
STEVENS, P.F. 1980. Evolutionary polarity of character States. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:333-358.
SWOFFORD, D.L. 1985. Paup, Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony; Users Manual. Champaing, Illinois Natural History Survey.
VOCKEROTH, J.R. 1972. A review of the World Genera of Mydaeinae, with a Revision of the Species of New Guinea and Oceania (Diptera: Muscidae). Pac. Insects Monogr. 29:1-134.
WILLEY, E.O. 1979. An annotated Linnean hierarchy, with comments on natural taxa and competing systems. Syst. Zool. 28 (3):308-337.
WILEY, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics; the theory and practice of Phylogenetic Systematics New York, Wiley Sons, xv+439p.
ZINOVJEV, A.G. 1981. "On the classification os Paleasctic flies of the genus Phaonia R. - D. (Diptera, Muscidae)". Entomol. Obozr. 60 (3):686-698.

1

Contribuição nº 653 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
11 Ago 2009
Data do Fascículo
1989

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ALBUQUERQUE, D.O. 1955. Fauna do Distrito Federal: XXV - Três novas espécies de Phaoniinae (Diptera-Muscidae). An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 27 (3):373-380.

[2] ALBUQUERQUE, D.O. & S.M.R. LOPES 1982. Sobre duas espécies novas de Muscidae da Amazônia pertencentes as subfamílias Muscinae e Cytoneurininae. Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi (n.s.) 117:1-8.

[3] BRAUER, F. & J.V. BERGENSTAMM 1889. Die Zweiflugler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscara Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomiydae). Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien (Math - Nat. Cl.) 56:69-180.

[4] CARPENTER, J.M. 1987. Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae (Hymnoptera: Vespidae). Syst. Entomol. 12:413-431.

[5] CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1985. A new systematic position for Scenetes Malloch, 1936 with a description of the genitalia of S. cardini Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Mydaeinae). Revta bras. Ent. 29 (3/4):575-577.

[6] CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989a. Revisão das espécies e posição sistemática de Palpibrachus Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (2):325-376.

[7] CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989b. Revisão dos gêneros sul-americanos Brachygasterina Macquart e Correntosia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae). Rvta bras. Zool. 6 (3):473-484

[8] CARVALHO, C.J.B. 1989c. Revisão de Psilochaeta Stein e descrição de Dalcyella gen.n. do Chile (Diptera, Muscidae). Revta bras. Zool. 6 (3):485-506

[9] CHILLCOTT, J.G. 1961. A Revision of the Neartic Species of Fanniidae (Diptera: Muscidae). Can. Entomol. Suppl. 14 [1960]:295p.

[10] CHURCHILL, S.P.; E.O. WILEY & L.A. HAUSER 1984. A critique of Wagner groundplan-divergence studies and a comparison with other methods of phylogenetics analysis. Taxon 33 (2):212-232.

[11] COLE, F.M. & E.I. SCHLINGER 1969. The files of western North America University California Press, xi+693p.

[12] COLLIN, J.E. 1948. On the classification of the genera aliied to Musca L. (Diptera). Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (B) 17:125-127.

[13] COURI, M.S. & S.M. LOPES 1985. Neotropical Genera of Coenosiinae - Nomenclature Notes and key to identification (Diptera-Muscidae). Revta bras. Biol. 45 (4):585-595.

[14] ELZINGA, R.J. & A.B. BROCE 1986. Labellar modifications of Muscomorpha flies (Diptera). An. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 79 (1):149-209.

[15] FARRIS, J.S. 1970. Methods for computing Wagner trees. Syst. Zool. 19 (1):83-92.

[16] FARRIS, J.S. 1983. The logical basis of phylogenetic analysis, p. 7-39. In: Platnick, N.I. & V.A. Funk (eds). Advances in Cladistics Volume 2 New York, Columbia University Press, x+218p.

[17] FARRIS, J.S.; A.G. KLUGE & ECKARDT. 1970. A Numerical approach to phylogenethic systematics. Syst. Zool., 19:172-191.

[18] FELSENSTEIN, J. 1982. Numerical methods for inferring evolutionary trees. Q. Rev. Biol. 57 (4):379-404.

[19] FINK, W.L. 1986. Microcomputers and Phylogenetc Analysis. Science 234:1135-1139.

[20] GRIFFITS, G.C.D. 1972. The Phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhpha; with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Stuttgart, The Hague, unk, 340p.

[21] HENNIG. W. 1952. Die Larvenformen der Dipteren Berlin, Akademie - Verlag, vii+628p.

[22] HENNIG, W. 1955-1964. Muscidae. In: Lindnaer, E., Fliegen palearkt. Reg. 63b. Stuttgart, 1100p.

[23] HENNIG, W. 1965a. Vorarbeiten zu einem phylogenetischen System der Muscidae (Diptera: Cyclorrahapha). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk 141:100p.

[24] HENNIG, W. 1965b. Phylogenetic Systematics. An. Rev. Entomol. 10:97-116.

[25] HENNIG. W. 1966. Phylognetic Systematics Urbana, University Illinois Press, viii+263p.

[26] HENNIG, W. 1973. Ordnung Diptera (Zweifluger). In: Helmcke, J.G. et alii (ed). Handbuck der Zoologie, 4 (2):1-337.

[27] HUCKETT, H.C. 1975. The Muscidae of California; exclusive of subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. 18:1-148.

[28] HUCKETT, H.C. & J.R. VOCKEROTH. 1987. Muscidae, p 1115-1131. In: Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. II. Otawa, Agriculture Canada, Reseach Branch, Monograph 28, vi+675-1332p.

[29] KLUGE, A.G. & J.F. FARRIS. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution os anurans. Syst. Zool. 18:1-32.

[30] MADDISON, W.P.; M.J. DONOGHUE & D.R. MADDISON 1984. Outgroup analysis and parsimony. Syst. Zool. 33 (1):83-103.

[31] MALLOCH, J.R. 1934. Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile London, Part 7 (2), p. 171-346.

[32] NELSON, G.J. 1972. Phylogenetic relationship and classification. Syst. Zool. 21 (2):227-231.

[33] PLATNICK, N.I. 1987. An empirical comparison of microcomputer parsimony programs. Cladistics, 3 (2):121-144.

[34] PONT, A.C. 1972. Family Muscidae. In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 97, 111 p., Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.

[35] PONT, A.C. 1977a. Family Muscidae, p. 451-523. In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). Honolulu, The University Press, 834p.

[36] PONT, A.C. 1977b. The Australian and some other species of Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae). Aust. J. Zool. 25:347-369.

[37] PONT, A.C. Family Muscidae. In: Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. Publications Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. 821:721-761.

[38] PONT, A.C. 1986a. Family Muscidae. In: Soós, A. & L. Papp (ed). Catalogue of the Palearctic Diptera Budapest, Hugarian Natural History Museum, vol. 11:57-215.

[39] PONT, A.C. 1986b. Studies on the Australian Muscidae (Diptera). VII. The genus Atherigona Rondani. Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 120:1-90.

[40] ROBACK, S.S. 1951. A classification of the muscoid calyptratae Diptera. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 2 (1):89-100.

[41] SCHINNER, J.R. 1868. Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zoologischer Theil, Bd. II. vi+338p. Wien.

[42] SCHNABL, J. & H. DZIEDZICKI 1911. Die Anthomyiden. Nova Acta Leopold. 95:55-358.

[43] SEGUY, E. 1937. Diptera, Family Muscidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insctorum, Bruxeles, 205:604p.

[44] SKIDMORE, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the world Dordrecht Junk Publishers, xiv+550.

[45] SNYDER, F. 1954. A revision of Cyrtoneurina Giglio-Tos, with notes on related genera (Diptera, Muscidae. Bull. Am. nat. Hist. 103 (6):417-464.

[46] SNYDER, F. 1957. Notes and descriptions of some neotropical Muscidae (Diptera). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 113 (6):437-490.

[47] STEVENS, P.F. 1980. Evolutionary polarity of character States. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:333-358.

[48] SWOFFORD, D.L. 1985. Paup, Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony; Users Manual. Champaing, Illinois Natural History Survey.

[49] VOCKEROTH, J.R. 1972. A review of the World Genera of Mydaeinae, with a Revision of the Species of New Guinea and Oceania (Diptera: Muscidae). Pac. Insects Monogr. 29:1-134.

[50] WILLEY, E.O. 1979. An annotated Linnean hierarchy, with comments on natural taxa and competing systems. Syst. Zool. 28 (3):308-337.

[51] WILEY, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics; the theory and practice of Phylogenetic Systematics New York, Wiley Sons, xv+439p.

[52] ZINOVJEV, A.G. 1981. "On the classification os Paleasctic flies of the genus Phaonia R. - D. (Diptera, Muscidae)". Entomol. Obozr. 60 (3):686-698.

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Classificação de Muscidae (Diptera): uma proposta através da análise cladístical

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Datas de Publicação