Abstracts
(1) In the period 1965/77 fertilizer consumption in Brazil increased nearly fifteen foild from circa 200,000 tons of N + P2O5 + K2O to 3 million tons. During the fifteen years extending from 1950 to 1964 usage of the primary macronutrients was raised by a factor of 2 only. (2) Several explanations are given for the remarkable increase, namely: an experimental background which supplied data for recommendations of rates, time and type of application; a convenient governmental policy for minimum prices and rural credit; capacity of the industry to meet the demand of the fertilizer market; an adequate mechanism for the diffusion of the practice of fertilizer use to the farmer. (3) The extension work, which has caused a permanent change in the aptitude towards fertilization, was carried out in the traditional way by salesmen supported by a technical staff, as well as by agronomists of the official services. (4) Two new programs were started and conducted in a rather short time, both putting emphasis on the relatively new technology of fertilizer use. (5) The first program, conducted in the Southern part of the country, extended lab and green house work supplemented by a few field trials to small land owners - the so called "operação tatú" (operation armadillo). (6) The seconde program, covering a larger problem area in the Northeast and in Central Brazil, began directly in field as thousands of demonstrations and simple experiments with the participation of local people whose involvement was essential for the success of the initiative; in this case the official extension services, both foreign and national sources of funds, and universities did participate under the leadership of the Brazilian Association for the Diffusion of Fertilizers (ANDA). (7) It is felt that the Brazilian experience gained thereof could be useful to other countries under similar conditions.
No período de 1965-77 houve um aumento de 15 vezes no consumo brasileiro de fertilizantes. São discutidas as causas - pesquisa, política, agrícola, disponibilidade de fertilizantes. É dada ênfase a dois programas especiais de extensão: a "operação tatu" desenvolvida no Sul do País e o programa coordenado pela ANDA no Centro e no Nordeste.
Recent brazilian experience on farmer reaction and crop response tofertilizer use* * Apresentado mediante convite no ASA Symposium sobre "Transfer of technology to farmers of small land holdings", Chicago, Ill, EUA, 4.12.1978.
A experiência brasileira recente sobre a reação do agricultor e a resposta ao uso de fertilizantes
E. MalavoltaI; M. RochaII
IDep. Química e CENA, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP
IIANDA, São Paulo
SUMMARY
(1) In the period 1965/77 fertilizer consumption in Brazil increased nearly fifteen foild from circa 200,000 tons of N + P2O5 + K2O to 3 million tons. During the fifteen years extending from 1950 to 1964 usage of the primary macronutrients was raised by a factor of 2 only.
(2) Several explanations are given for the remarkable increase, namely: an experimental background which supplied data for recommendations of rates, time and type of application; a convenient governmental policy for minimum prices and rural credit; capacity of the industry to meet the demand of the fertilizer market; an adequate mechanism for the diffusion of the practice of fertilizer use to the farmer.
(3) The extension work, which has caused a permanent change in the aptitude towards fertilization, was carried out in the traditional way by salesmen supported by a technical staff, as well as by agronomists of the official services.
(4) Two new programs were started and conducted in a rather short time, both putting emphasis on the relatively new technology of fertilizer use.
(5) The first program, conducted in the Southern part of the country, extended lab and green house work supplemented by a few field trials to small land owners - the so called "operação tatú" (operation armadillo).
(6) The seconde program, covering a larger problem area in the Northeast and in Central Brazil, began directly in field as thousands of demonstrations and simple experiments with the participation of local people whose involvement was essential for the success of the initiative; in this case the official extension services, both foreign and national sources of funds, and universities did participate under the leadership of the Brazilian Association for the Diffusion of Fertilizers (ANDA).
(7) It is felt that the Brazilian experience gained thereof could be useful to other countries under similar conditions.
RESUMO
No período de 1965-77 houve um aumento de 15 vezes no consumo brasileiro de fertilizantes. São discutidas as causas - pesquisa, política, agrícola, disponibilidade de fertilizantes. É dada ênfase a dois programas especiais de extensão: a "operação tatu" desenvolvida no Sul do País e o programa coordenado pela ANDA no Centro e no Nordeste.
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LITERATURE CITED
Recebido para publicação em 21.12.1978.
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- REVELLE, R., 1874. Food and population. Sci. Amer. 231(3): 161-170.
- SEGELMAN, G., 1962. Factors determining the role of fertilizers in underdeveloped countries. UN Conf. Appl. Sci. Technol. Benefit of the Less Developed Countries (Geneva), E/Conf. 39/d/51, 3 pages.
- TEDESCO, M.J., 1978. Acidez e calagem. Curso atual. Fertilidade do Solo (Jaboticabal), 24 pp., mimeo.
- VEGA, J. de La., 1972. Programa de Fertilizantes FAO-Ministério da Agricultura - Projeto FAO/ANDA/ABCAR. 24 pp., mimeo., Rio de Janeiro.
- VON STEINER, E.B., 1972. Problems of fertilizer use in Latin America. Pontificial Acad. Sci. Scripta Varia 38:189--212.
- WYBENGA, J.M., No date. Alterations in fertilizer use and provision related to the production of a highly developed and diversified agriculture. ISMA Sem. (S.Paulo), 15 pages, mimeo.
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
10 May 2012 -
Date of issue
1978
