Estudo da aflatoxina no amendoim, da colheita à industrialização, na região de Santa Adélia, S.P.

Fonseca, Homero

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761976000100035

Resumos

Neste trabalho foi investigada, na Região de Santa Adélia, SP, a incidência de aflatoxina no amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em três estágios de seu ciclo de industrialização: a) ao ser entregue à fábrica, Épocas I e II; b) durante o armazenamento, Épocas III e IV e c) após a extração do óleo (farelo), Épocas V e VI. Em cada estágio foram feitas duas coletas de 10 amostras cada, num total de 40 amostras de amendoim e 20 de farelo. Dos resultados pôde-se concluir que: 1) das 60 amostras apenas uma não continha aflatoxina; 2) o nível, em termos de aflatoxina B1, foi elevado, com 55% das amostras na categoria de toxidez "Alta" e 31,6% na categoria "Muito Alta"; 3) os níveis foram mais elevados nos Estágios 1 e 2 (amendoim) decrescendo no Estágio 3 (farelo) ; 4) cinco amostras estavam excessivamente tóxicas, com mais de 10,00 ppm; 5) o amendoim chega à fábrica já com elevado teor de aflatoxina, não tendo sido possível detectar, nesta região, influência do armazenamento.

In the present work the occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut (Arachis hypagaea L.) in the region of Santa Adélia, S.P., was investigated in three Stages, from harvest to industrialization: a) by the time the grower sells it to the oil mill: Epochs I and II; b) during its storage prior to milling: Epochs III and IV and c) after oil extration (peanut flour) : Epochs V and VI. In each Stage two collections of 10 samples each, were made in a total of 40 samples of peanuts and 20 samples of peanut flour. From the results the following conclusions could be drawn: 1) all samples, except one, were toxic; 2) the toxicity level, in terms of aflatoxin B , was hight, for 55% of the samples were in the category "High" and 31.6% in the category "Very High"; 3) the levels of aflatoxin were higher in Stages 1 and 2 (peanuts), decreasing in Stage 3 (peanut four); 4) five samples were excessively toxic with more than 10.00 ppm; 5) the aflatoxin is already present in peanuts when the grower take it to the oil mill, but it was not possible to detect, in this region, the influence of storage.

Estudo da aflatoxina no amendoim, da colheita à industrialização, na região de Santa Adélia, S.P.

Study of aflatoxin in peanuts, from harvest to industrialization, in the region of Santa Adélia, S.P.

Homero Fonseca

Departamento de Tecnologia Rural

RESUMO

Neste trabalho foi investigada, na Região de Santa Adélia, SP, a incidência de aflatoxina no amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) em três estágios de seu ciclo de industrialização: a) ao ser entregue à fábrica, Épocas I e II; b) durante o armazenamento, Épocas III e IV e c) após a extração do óleo (farelo), Épocas V e VI. Em cada estágio foram feitas duas coletas de 10 amostras cada, num total de 40 amostras de amendoim e 20 de farelo.

Dos resultados pôde-se concluir que: 1) das 60 amostras apenas uma não continha aflatoxina; 2) o nível, em termos de aflatoxina B₁, foi elevado, com 55% das amostras na categoria de toxidez "Alta" e 31,6% na categoria "Muito Alta"; 3) os níveis foram mais elevados nos Estágios 1 e 2 (amendoim) decrescendo no Estágio 3 (farelo) ; 4) cinco amostras estavam excessivamente tóxicas, com mais de 10,00 ppm; 5) o amendoim chega à fábrica já com elevado teor de aflatoxina, não tendo sido possível detectar, nesta região, influência do armazenamento.

SUMMARY

In the present work the occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut (Arachis hypagaea L.) in the region of Santa Adélia, S.P., was investigated in three Stages, from harvest to industrialization: a) by the time the grower sells it to the oil mill: Epochs I and II; b) during its storage prior to milling: Epochs III and IV and c) after oil extration (peanut flour) : Epochs V and VI. In each Stage two collections of 10 samples each, were made in a total of 40 samples of peanuts and 20 samples of peanut flour.

From the results the following conclusions could be drawn: 1) all samples, except one, were toxic; 2) the toxicity level, in terms of aflatoxin B , was hight, for 55% of the samples were in the category "High" and 31.6% in the category "Very High"; 3) the levels of aflatoxin were higher in Stages 1 and 2 (peanuts), decreasing in Stage 3 (peanut four); 4) five samples were excessively toxic with more than 10.00 ppm; 5) the aflatoxin is already present in peanuts when the grower take it to the oil mill, but it was not possible to detect, in this region, the influence of storage.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS

Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro concedido e ao prof. Roland Vencovsky pela orientação recebida na execução das análises estatísticas.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 10/12/1976

AMARAL, L.B.S., 1961. Torta de amendoim e morte de suinos. O Biológico, 27 (3): 63.
ASPLIN, F. D. e R. B . A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec., 73 (46) : 1215-19.
BLOUNT, W.P., 1961. Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9(2):52,55,58,61,67.
CARNAGHAN, R.B.A., R.D. HARTLEY e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxicity and fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins. Nature 200: 1101.
COOMES, T.J. e A.J. FEUELL, 1965 - Recommended procedures for the detection and estimation of aflatoxin B₁in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Tropical Products Institute, Report G 13, Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres.
CROWTHER, P.C., 1966. Report of the Produce Chemist: 4^th November 1965 - 4^th-May 1966. Yundum Experimental Station, Department of Agriculture, The Gambia. 15 p. xerografadas.
FONSECA, H., 1968. "Contribuição ao estudo da ocorrência de aflatoxina em tortas, farelos e farinhas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) do Estado de São Paulo". ESALQ/ USP, Piracicaba, 65 p. Tese de Doutoramento.
HAN KUO, L. e Y. GIM SAY, 1966. The occurrence of aflatoxin in Malayan, imported oil cakes and groundnut kernels. The Malaysian Agric, J., 45(3) 232-244.
LEE, W.V., 1965. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst, 90 (1070) : 305-307.
McDONALD, D. e C. HARKNESS, 1963. Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part II. Trop. Sci., 5(3) : 143-154.
MENEZES, T.J.B., J.S. TANGO, F.A.S. COELHO e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1966. Ocorrência do Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. XVIII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Blumenau, S.C.
SARGEANT, K., A. SHERIDAN, J. O'KELLY e R.B.A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature, 192: 1096-1097.
SELLSCHOP, J.P.F., N.PJ. KRIEK e J.C.G. du PREEZ, 1965. Distribution and degree of occurrence of aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Symp. Mycotoxins Foodstuffs, Agric. Aspects, Febr. 1965. Pretoria, South Africa 9-17.
SNEDECOR, G.W., 1956. Statistical Methods. 5.Ş ed. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, la, 534 pp.
STEEL, R.G.D. e J.H. TORRIE, 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book, Co, N. York, 481 pp.
STEVENS, A.J., C.N. SAUNDERS, J.B. SPENCE e A.G. NEWHAM, 1960. Investigation into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (31) : 627-628.
TANGO, J.S., T.J.B. MENEZES e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1967. Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. XIX Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Rio de Janeiro, R.J.
TOURY, J., 1966. Rapport sur l'Operation Exagraf. In: "Rapport sur les recherches effectuées sur l'aflatoxine au cours de l'année 1965-1966. O.R.A.N.A., Dakar, Senegae. 12 p.
TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962. Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico - chemical and biological test results. T.P.I. Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p.
WANNOP, C.C. 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72 (33) 671-672.
WILEY, J.R., 1960. "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (38) 786-787.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1976

Histórico

Recebido
10 Dez 1976

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AMARAL, L.B.S., 1961. Torta de amendoim e morte de suinos. O Biológico, 27 (3): 63.

[2] ASPLIN, F. D. e R. B . A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec., 73 (46) : 1215-19.

[3] BLOUNT, W.P., 1961. Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9(2):52,55,58,61,67.

[4] CARNAGHAN, R.B.A., R.D. HARTLEY e J. O'KELLY, 1963. Toxicity and fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins. Nature 200: 1101.

[5] COOMES, T.J. e A.J. FEUELL, 1965 - Recommended procedures for the detection and estimation of aflatoxin B₁in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Tropical Products Institute, Report G 13, Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres.

[6] CROWTHER, P.C., 1966. Report of the Produce Chemist: 4^th November 1965 - 4^th-May 1966. Yundum Experimental Station, Department of Agriculture, The Gambia. 15 p. xerografadas.

[7] FONSECA, H., 1968. "Contribuição ao estudo da ocorrência de aflatoxina em tortas, farelos e farinhas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) do Estado de São Paulo". ESALQ/ USP, Piracicaba, 65 p. Tese de Doutoramento.

[8] HAN KUO, L. e Y. GIM SAY, 1966. The occurrence of aflatoxin in Malayan, imported oil cakes and groundnut kernels. The Malaysian Agric, J., 45(3) 232-244.

[9] LEE, W.V., 1965. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst, 90 (1070) : 305-307.

[10] McDONALD, D. e C. HARKNESS, 1963. Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part II. Trop. Sci., 5(3) : 143-154.

[11] MENEZES, T.J.B., J.S. TANGO, F.A.S. COELHO e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1966. Ocorrência do Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. XVIII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Blumenau, S.C.

[12] SARGEANT, K., A. SHERIDAN, J. O'KELLY e R.B.A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature, 192: 1096-1097.

[13] SELLSCHOP, J.P.F., N.PJ. KRIEK e J.C.G. du PREEZ, 1965. Distribution and degree of occurrence of aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Symp. Mycotoxins Foodstuffs, Agric. Aspects, Febr. 1965. Pretoria, South Africa 9-17.

[14] SNEDECOR, G.W., 1956. Statistical Methods. 5.Ş ed. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, la, 534 pp.

[15] STEEL, R.G.D. e J.H. TORRIE, 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book, Co, N. York, 481 pp.

[16] STEVENS, A.J., C.N. SAUNDERS, J.B. SPENCE e A.G. NEWHAM, 1960. Investigation into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (31) : 627-628.

[17] TANGO, J.S., T.J.B. MENEZES e CG. TEIXEIRA, 1967. Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. XIX Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Rio de Janeiro, R.J.

[18] TOURY, J., 1966. Rapport sur l'Operation Exagraf. In: "Rapport sur les recherches effectuées sur l'aflatoxine au cours de l'année 1965-1966. O.R.A.N.A., Dakar, Senegae. 12 p.

[19] TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962. Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico - chemical and biological test results. T.P.I. Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p.

[20] WANNOP, C.C. 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72 (33) 671-672.

[21] WILEY, J.R., 1960. "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (38) 786-787.

Brasil

Brasil

Estudo da aflatoxina no amendoim, da colheita à industrialização, na região de Santa Adélia, S.P.

Study of aflatoxin in peanuts, from harvest to industrialization, in the region of Santa Adélia, S.P.

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico