Ocorrência de aflatoxina em farelos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na região araraquarense, do estado de São Paulo

Occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut flower in the region araraquarense, in the state of São Paulo

Ocorrência de aflatoxina em farelos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na região araraquarense, do estado de São Paulo^*

Occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut flower in the region araraquarense, in the state of São Paulo

Homero Fonseca

Departamento de Tecnologia Rural

RESUMO

No presente trabalho foram estudadas a ocorrência das aflatoxinas B e G em 56 amostras de farelo de amendoim provenientes de 9 fábricas de óleo da região Araraquarense, bem como uma possível correlação na produção dos dois grupos de aflatoxina.

As amostras foram coletadas em quatro épocas representando material proveniente da industrialização de duas safras distintas, a saber: março e maio - safra das "águas" e julho e setembro - safra da "seca".

Dos resultados concluiu-se que: a) a incidência de aflatoxina foi geral na região, pois todas as amostras estavam tóxicas; b) o nível de toxidez encontrado foi elevado (valores de 0,1 a 20,0 ppm) sendo bem mais elevado na safra das "águas" - média de 4,55 ppm, contra 2,40 ppm na "seca"; c) foi considerado que apenas 16,07% do material examinado estaria em condições de ser utilizado na composição de rações animais; d) observou-se uma elevada produção de aflatoxina G sendo maior que as B em seis amostras; e) houve correlação estatisticamente significativa, entre a produção das aflatoxinas B e G.

SUMMARY

In the present work, the occurrence of aflatoxins B and G, as well as a possible correlation between both were studied in 56 samples of peanut flower from 9 oil mills of the region Araraquarense, in the State of São Paulo.

The samples were obtained in four collections representing material from two crops in two different seasons: March and May in the rainy season and July and September in the dry season.

From the results it was concluded that: a) the occurrence of aflatoxin was generalized in that region, for all the samples were toxic; b) the toxicity level was found to be very high (figures from 0.1 to 20.0 ppm) being higher in the rainy season - average of 4.55 ppm, against 2.40 ppm in the dry season; c) it was considered that only 16.07% of the material examined could be utilized for admixturing in feedstuffs; d) it was observed a high yield of aflatoxins G, being higher than B in six samples; e) it was found a positive correlation, statistically significant, in the production of the aflatoxins B and G.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 21/3/1975.

• ALLCROFT, R., H. ROGERS, G. LEWIS, J. NABNEY & P.E. BEST, 1966. Metabolism of aflatoxin in sheep: excretion of the milk toxin. Nature, 209:154-155.
• AMARAL, L.B.S., 1961. Torta de amendoim e morte de suínos. O Biol., 27(3):63.
• ANÔNIMO, 1969. Informationdienst Futter und Fütterung. Ed. Fachverband des Futtermittelindustrie e.v., Hamburg.
• ASHLEY, L.M., J.E. HALVER & G.N. WOGAN, 1964. Hepatoma and aflatoxicosis in trout. Fed. Proa, 23:105.
• ASPLIN, F.D. & R.B.A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec., 73:1215-1219.
• BENNETT, CA. & N.L. FRANKIN, 1963. Statistical Analysis in Chemistry and the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. N. York, 724 pp.
• BLOUNT, W.P., 1960. Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(38):786.
• BLOUNT, W.P., 1961. Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9(2):52, 55-58, 61.67.
• COOMES, T.J. & A.J. FEUELL, 1965. Recommended procedures for the detection of aflatoxin B₁ in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Tropical Products Institute, Report Nş G 13, Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres.
• de IONGH, H., R.O. VLES & J.G. Van PELT, 1964. Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin - containing diet. Nature, 202:466-467.
• DUTTON, M.F. & J.G. HEATHCOTE, 1966. Two new aflatoxins. Biochem. J., 101(2):21P-22P.
• DUTTON, M.F. & J.G. HEATHCOTE, 1969. Some interesting relationship between the new aflatoxins and their associated metabolites. The J. South African Chem. Inst. XXII:5107-5118.
• LEE, W. V., 1965. Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst (Lond.) 90(1070):305-307.
• McDONALD, D. & J. A'BROOK, 1963. Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. III. Trop. Sci., 5(4):208-214.
• McDONALD, D. & C. HARKNESS, 1963. Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. II. Trop. Sci., 5(3):143-154.
• MENEZES, T.J.B., & J.S. TANGO, F.A.S. COELHO & C.G. TEIXEIRA, 1966. Ocorrência do Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. Apresentado à XVIII Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Blumenau, SC, 1966.
• PEERS, F.G., 1965. Summary of the work done at Vom (Northern Nigeria) on aflatoxin levels in groundnut flour and Arlac. Nutr. Docum. Aflatoxin 8. WHO/FAO/UNICEF, P.A.G. Meeting, Rome.
• RICHMOND, J.W., N.H. SUTCLIFFE, N.W.R. DANIELS, P.W. RUSSEL-EGGIT & J.B.M. COPPOCK, 1962a. Factors other groundnut relating to "turkey X disease", Vet. Rec, 74(18): 544-545.
• RICHMOND, J.W., N.H. SUTCLIFFE, N.W.R. DANIELS, P.W. RUSSEL-EGGIT & J.B.M. COPPOCK, 1962b. Factors other than groundnut in the production of aflatoxin. Vet. Rec, 74(35): 962.
• SARGEANT, K., A. SHERIDAN, J.O. KELLY & R.B.A. CARNAGHAN, 1961. Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature, 192:1096-1097.
• SELLSCHOP, J.P.F., N.J. KRIEK & J.C.G. du PREEZ, 1965. Distribution and degree of occurrence of aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Symp. Mycotoxins Foodstuffs, Agric. Aspects. Febr. 1965, Pretoria, South Africa: 9-17.
• SNEDECOR, C.W., 1956. "Statistical Methods". The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, E.U.A., 5Ş Ed., 534 pp.
• STEEL, R.G.D. & J.H. TORRIE, 1960. "Principles and Procedures of Statistics". McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N. York, 481 pp.
• STEVENS, A.J., C.N. SAUNDERS, J.B. SPENCE & A.G.NEWHAM, 1960. Investigations into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(31):627.
• SWARBRICK, O., 1960. "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec., 72(33):671.
• TANGO, J.S., T.J.B. MENEZES & C.G. TEIXEIRA, 1967. Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. Apresentado à XIX Reunião Anual da S.B.P.C., Rio de Janeiro, 1967.
• TOURY, J., 1966. Rapport sur l'Operation Exagraf. In: "Rapport sur les recherches effectués sur l'aflatoxine au cours de 1'année 1965 - 1966. O.R.A.N.A., Dakar, Senegal, 12 pp.
• TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962. Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biological test results. T.P.I., Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p.
• WANNOP, C.C, 1960. "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72(33):671-672.
• WILEY, J.R., 1960. "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72(38):786-787.
• WOGAN, G.N., 1965. Experimental toxicity and carcionogenicity of aflatoxins. In "Micotoxins in Foodstuffs". Ed. G.N. Wogan, The M.I.I. Press, Cambridge, Mass. EE.UU.
• ZUCKERMAN, A.J. & F. FULTON, 1966. Acute toxic effects of aflatoxin on human embryo liver cells in culture. Brit. Med. J., 2:90-91

*

Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro concedido para a realização deste trabalho e à UNICEF pelo auxílio concedido em drogas e aparelhos. Agradecemos também ao prof. Roland Vencowsky, do Departamento de Genética da ESALQ e ao acadêmico de agronomia Isaias o. Geraldi pela execução das análises estatísticas.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  30 Maio 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  1975