Efeitos de diferentes níveis de N, P e K sôbre cacaueiros jovens (Theorema cacao L.) em solução nutritiva

Amorim, Henrique Vianna de; Scoton, Luiz Carlos; Haag, H.P.; Malavolta, E.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761964000100015

Resumo

Cocoa seedlings were grown in nutrient solution in order to find out the effects of the levels of N, P, K in the substrate on growth, symptoms and chemical composition of the leaves. A 3x3x3 factorial design was used. The following conclusions can be drawn. 5.1. Among the three elements under study, only nitrogen had a positive, significant effect on growth as measured by height and dry weight. 5.2. The level of a given elements in the leaves did increase when its level in the nutrient solution was raised. On the other hand the N content was positively affected by the concentration of P in the substrate. 5.3. A decrease in the N/P and K/P rations in the leaves was observed when the nutrient solutions had, res-respectively, absence of K and N and high level both of K and N. The N/K ratio increased with the level of P in the substrate. 5.4 A highly significant positive correlation was found between N content in the leaves and dry weight. This was not the case however, insofar P and K are considered - no correlation whatsoever was observed.

Efeitos de diferentes níveis de N, P e K sôbre cacaueiros jovens (Theorema cacao L.) em solução nutritiva^* * Trabalho realizado com auxílio da Fundação Rockefeller. Apresentado no XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Botânica, Itabuna, Bahia, 1965.

Henrique Vianna de Amorim; Luiz Carlos Scoton^; H.P. Haag; E. Malavolta

Bolsistas do CNPq e da FAPESP nas Cadeiras de Química Biológica e de Matemática da ESALQ

SUMMARY

Cocoa seedlings were grown in nutrient solution in order to find out the effects of the levels of N, P, K in the substrate on growth, symptoms and chemical composition of the leaves. A 3x3x3 factorial design was used. The following conclusions can be drawn.

5.1. Among the three elements under study, only nitrogen had a positive, significant effect on growth as measured by height and dry weight.

5.2. The level of a given elements in the leaves did increase when its level in the nutrient solution was raised. On the other hand the N content was positively affected by the concentration of P in the substrate.

5.3. A decrease in the N/P and K/P rations in the leaves was observed when the nutrient solutions had, res-respectively, absence of K and N and high level both of K and N. The N/K ratio increased with the level of P in the substrate.

5.4 A highly significant positive correlation was found between N content in the leaves and dry weight. This was not the case however, insofar P and K are considered - no correlation whatsoever was observed.

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LITERATURA CITADA

1. BOYNTON, D. & SANDS, F. - A Survey of the fertility status of the cacao soils of Costa Rica, as determined by soil and leaf analyses, and a preliminary study of the relation of depth of rooting of cocoa trees to soil drainage. V Reunion del Comite Técnico Interamericano del Cacao. Doc. 3, 13 pp. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 1954.
2. GREENWOOD, M. & DJOKOTO, R. K. - Symptoms of mineral deficiency in cocoa. The Journal of Horticultural Science 27 (4): 233-236 pp. 1952.
3. HAAG, H. P. & MALAVOLTA, E. - Estudos sôbre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro. III. Efeito das deficiências dos macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. bourbon (B. Rodr.) Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Rev. de Agricultura 35 (4): 273-289 1960.
4. HARDY, F. - Manual de cacao. Instituto Interamericano de Ciências Agrícolas. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 442 pp. 1961.
5. HOAGLAND, D. R. & ARNON, D. I. The water culture method forgrowing plants without soil. Calif., Agr., Exp. Sta. Berkeley, Calif., Circ. 347. 1950.
6. HOMES, M. - L'Alimentation minérale du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) I.N.E.A.C., Congo Belga, Série Scientifique 58 1953.
7. LOTT, W. L., NERY, J.P., GALLO, J. R. & MEDCALF, J.L. - A técnica de análise foliar aplicada ao cafeeiro. IBEC Research Institute. Boletim 9, 1956.
8. LOUÉ, A. - Estudo das carências e deficiências minerais do cacau. Fertilité 14: 3-86 1961-1962.
9. MACHICADO, M. & ALVIM, P. T. Sintomatologia de las deficiencias minerales en cacao. Doc. 11. 10 pp., Turrialba, Costa Rica. 1954.
10. MACHICADO, M. & BOYNTON, D. El efecto de las deficiencias de potassio, cálcio y magnésio sobre los constituyentes intermediarios de nitrogenio en las hojas de cacao. Turrialba 11 (4) 133-137 pp. 1961.
11. MALAVOLTA, E. - Práticas de Química Orgânica e Biológica, Centro Acadêmico "Luiz de Queiroz" - Piracicaba, 1957.
12. MASKELL, E. J., EVANS, H. & MURRAY, B.A. - The Symptons of nutritional deficiencies in cacao produced in sand and water cultures. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. A report on cacao research, 1945-1951. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1953, 53-64 pp.
13. MCDONALD, J. A. - Some effects of deficiences of essential nutrient elements on the growth of young cacao plants. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad). Annual Report on cacao research 4: 83-85 (1934). 1935.
14. MURRAY, D.B. - Deficiency levels of the major nutrients in cacao leaves. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. A Report on Cacao Research 1955-1956. St. Augustine, Trinidad 21-22 pp. 1957.
15. PIMENTEL GOMES, F - Curso de estatística experimental. E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", 2.Ş edição, Piracicaba, 384 pp. 1963.

*

Trabalho realizado com auxílio da Fundação Rockefeller. Apresentado no XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Botânica, Itabuna, Bahia, 1965.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
27 Jun 2012
Data do Fascículo
1964

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BOYNTON, D. & SANDS, F. - A Survey of the fertility status of the cacao soils of Costa Rica, as determined by soil and leaf analyses, and a preliminary study of the relation of depth of rooting of cocoa trees to soil drainage. V Reunion del Comite Técnico Interamericano del Cacao. Doc. 3, 13 pp. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 1954.

[2] 2. GREENWOOD, M. & DJOKOTO, R. K. - Symptoms of mineral deficiency in cocoa. The Journal of Horticultural Science 27 (4): 233-236 pp. 1952.

[3] 3. HAAG, H. P. & MALAVOLTA, E. - Estudos sôbre a alimentação mineral do cafeeiro. III. Efeito das deficiências dos macronutrientes no crescimento e na composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. bourbon (B. Rodr.) Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Rev. de Agricultura 35 (4): 273-289 1960.

[4] 4. HARDY, F. - Manual de cacao. Instituto Interamericano de Ciências Agrícolas. Turrialba, Costa Rica, 442 pp. 1961.

[5] 5. HOAGLAND, D. R. & ARNON, D. I. The water culture method forgrowing plants without soil. Calif., Agr., Exp. Sta. Berkeley, Calif., Circ. 347. 1950.

[6] 6. HOMES, M. - L'Alimentation minérale du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) I.N.E.A.C., Congo Belga, Série Scientifique 58 1953.

[7] 7. LOTT, W. L., NERY, J.P., GALLO, J. R. & MEDCALF, J.L. - A técnica de análise foliar aplicada ao cafeeiro. IBEC Research Institute. Boletim 9, 1956.

[8] 8. LOUÉ, A. - Estudo das carências e deficiências minerais do cacau. Fertilité 14: 3-86 1961-1962.

[9] 9. MACHICADO, M. & ALVIM, P. T. Sintomatologia de las deficiencias minerales en cacao. Doc. 11. 10 pp., Turrialba, Costa Rica. 1954.

[10] 10. MACHICADO, M. & BOYNTON, D. El efecto de las deficiencias de potassio, cálcio y magnésio sobre los constituyentes intermediarios de nitrogenio en las hojas de cacao. Turrialba 11 (4) 133-137 pp. 1961.

[11] 11. MALAVOLTA, E. - Práticas de Química Orgânica e Biológica, Centro Acadêmico "Luiz de Queiroz" - Piracicaba, 1957.

[12] 12. MASKELL, E. J., EVANS, H. & MURRAY, B.A. - The Symptons of nutritional deficiencies in cacao produced in sand and water cultures. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. A report on cacao research, 1945-1951. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1953, 53-64 pp.

[13] 13. MCDONALD, J. A. - Some effects of deficiences of essential nutrient elements on the growth of young cacao plants. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad). Annual Report on cacao research 4: 83-85 (1934). 1935.

[14] 14. MURRAY, D.B. - Deficiency levels of the major nutrients in cacao leaves. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. A Report on Cacao Research 1955-1956. St. Augustine, Trinidad 21-22 pp. 1957.

[15] 15. PIMENTEL GOMES, F - Curso de estatística experimental. E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz", 2.Ş edição, Piracicaba, 384 pp. 1963.