Nitrificação e aproveitamento de alguns adubos nitrogenados

Malavolta, E.; Coury, T.; Arzolla, J. D. P.; Haag, H. P.; Brasil Sobrinho, M. O. C. do

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761958000100005

Resumo

The rate of nitrification of several nitrogenous fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, nitre-chalk, ureia, and cottonseed meal) was studied in three soils, namely, "terra roxa legítima", a red soil derived from basalt, "terra roxa misturada", a soil also derived from basalt but with a higher proportion of sand, and "areito Corumbataí", a sandy soil. The effects of the following treatments on nitrification were considered: addition of limestone of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mo), and inoculation with a suspension of spores of Aspergillus wentii, a heterotrophic nitrifier. The results showed that: in "terra roxa legítima" limestone had no influence on the nitrification rate, whereas the micronutrients estimulated the oxidation of nitre-chalk, cottonseed meal and urea; inoculation with A. wentii helped only the nitrification of ammonium sulfate and of the cottonseed meal; the latter, in all the treatments employed gave use to a smaller amount of nitrates; in "terra roxa misturada", all the fertilizers depending upon the treatments they were subjected to, presented maximum values for nitrification; limestone estimulated the oxidation of ammonium sulfate as well as the mineralization of the cottonseed meal; the addition of micronutrients helped the nitrification of all the fertilizers, except that of urea; inoculation showed a benefical influence on the nitrification of ammonium sulfate and cottonseed meal; in "arenito de Corumbatai", the amounts of nitrates produced was roughly the same for all the fertilizers investigated; limestone estimulated the nitrification of nitro-chalk, ammonium sulfate and cottonseed meal whilst the addition of micronutrients benefited only the latter two; the inoculation with A. wentii helped the oxidation of all the fertilizers. In order to study the availability of the various fertilizers above discussed, two plant growing experiments were carried cut, one in pots, using the three soil types and another one in the field, with "terra roxa misturada". In "arenito de Corumbatai" there was no significant difference in the yield both of straw and rice grains for none of the fertilizers: Chilean nitrate of soda was used as a control; ho marked agreement could be detected between the data concerning nitrification and the yield results. In "terra roxa legítima", ammonium sulfate won the competition and there was a good parallelism between nitrification and yield. In "terra roxa misturada", there was no statistical difference among the various fertilizers; the agreement between nitrification and yields was reasonable. In the field (corn), Chilean nitrate, ammonium sulfate and nitro-chalk were clearly beter than urea and cottonseed meal which did not differ from the minus nitrogen plots.

Nitrificação e aproveitamento de alguns adubos nitrogenados^* * Tese aprovada no VI Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo Julho de 1957 - Salvador - Bahia. Secção III - Microbiologia do Solo

E. Malavolta; T. Coury; J. D. P. Arzolla; H. P. Haag; M. O. C. do Brasil Sobrinho

E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" U. S. P. - Piracicaba

SUMMARY

The rate of nitrification of several nitrogenous fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, nitre-chalk, ureia, and cottonseed meal) was studied in three soils, namely, "terra roxa legítima", a red soil derived from basalt, "terra roxa misturada", a soil also derived from basalt but with a higher proportion of sand, and "areito Corumbataí", a sandy soil. The effects of the following treatments on nitrification were considered: addition of limestone of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mo), and inoculation with a suspension of spores of Aspergillus wentii, a heterotrophic nitrifier. The results showed that: in "terra roxa legítima" limestone had no influence on the nitrification rate, whereas the micronutrients estimulated the oxidation of nitre-chalk, cottonseed meal and urea; inoculation with A. wentii helped only the nitrification of ammonium sulfate and of the cottonseed meal; the latter, in all the treatments employed gave use to a smaller amount of nitrates; in "terra roxa misturada", all the fertilizers depending upon the treatments they were subjected to, presented maximum values for nitrification; limestone estimulated the oxidation of ammonium sulfate as well as the mineralization of the cottonseed meal; the addition of micronutrients helped the nitrification of all the fertilizers, except that of urea; inoculation showed a benefical influence on the nitrification of ammonium sulfate and cottonseed meal; in "arenito de Corumbatai", the amounts of nitrates produced was roughly the same for all the fertilizers investigated; limestone estimulated the nitrification of nitro-chalk, ammonium sulfate and cottonseed meal whilst the addition of micronutrients benefited only the latter two; the inoculation with A. wentii helped the oxidation of all the fertilizers.

In order to study the availability of the various fertilizers above discussed, two plant growing experiments were carried cut, one in pots, using the three soil types and another one in the field, with "terra roxa misturada". In "arenito de Corumbatai" there was no significant difference in the yield both of straw and rice grains for none of the fertilizers: Chilean nitrate of soda was used as a control; ho marked agreement could be detected between the data concerning nitrification and the yield results. In "terra roxa legítima", ammonium sulfate won the competition and there was a good parallelism between nitrification and yield.

In "terra roxa misturada", there was no statistical difference among the various fertilizers; the agreement between nitrification and yields was reasonable. In the field (corn), Chilean nitrate, ammonium sulfate and nitro-chalk were clearly beter than urea and cottonseed meal which did not differ from the minus nitrogen plots.

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LITERATURA CITADA

A. O. A. C, 1945 - Official and tentative methods of analysis, sixth ed., Washington, 4, D.C.
BRIEGER, F. G., 1946 - Limites unilaterais e bilaterais na a-nálise estatística. Bragantia 6 (10): 479-545.
CATANI, R. A., 1953 - Comunicação particular.
HAMENCE, J. H., 1950 - A method for the determination of the relative availability of nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizers. Jour. Sci. Food and Agric. 193: 92-96.
HOAGLAND, D. R. and D. I. ARNON, 1939 - The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Univ. of California Agr. Exp. Sta. (Berkeley, Calif.) Circ. 347.
MALAVOLTA, E. e T. COURY, 1954 - Práticas de Química Agrícola. E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba). Mimeografado.
MALAVOLTA, E., T. COURY, D. PELLEGRINO e H. P. HAAG, 1955-a -- Nitrificação e aproveitamento de alguns adubos nitrogenados no arenito de Bauru. Rev. Agr. XXX (4-5-6): 133-151.
MALAVOLTA, E., R. CAMARGO e H. P. HAAG, 1955-b - Nota sobre a nitrificação por fungos do solo. Bol. n. 13 - I. Zimotécnico (Piracicaba).
MITSCHERLICH, E. A., 1930 - Die Bestimmung des Dungerbedurfnisses des Bodens, Dritte Auflage, Paul Parey, Berlin.
PAIVA NETTO, J. E., R. A. CATANI, M. S. QUEIROZ e A. KUPPER, 1950 - Contribuição ao estudo dos métodos analíticos e de extração para a caracterização química dos solos do Eseado de S. Paulo. An. 1a. Reu. Bras. Ciência do Solo (Rio de Janeiro): 79-109.
PIMENTEL GOMES, F., 1954 - A comparação entre médias de tratamentos na análise da variância. An. Esc. Sup. Agr. "L. Queiroz", U. S. P. (Piracicaba) 11: 1-12.
SCHMIDT, E. L., 1954 - Nitrate formation by a soil fungus. Science 119: 187-189.

*

Tese aprovada no VI Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo Julho de 1957 - Salvador - Bahia. Secção III - Microbiologia do Solo

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
26 Set 2012
Data do Fascículo
1958

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] A. O. A. C, 1945 - Official and tentative methods of analysis, sixth ed., Washington, 4, D.C.

[2] BRIEGER, F. G., 1946 - Limites unilaterais e bilaterais na a-nálise estatística. Bragantia 6 (10): 479-545.

[3] CATANI, R. A., 1953 - Comunicação particular.

[4] HAMENCE, J. H., 1950 - A method for the determination of the relative availability of nitrogen in nitrogenous fertilizers. Jour. Sci. Food and Agric. 193: 92-96.

[5] HOAGLAND, D. R. and D. I. ARNON, 1939 - The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Univ. of California Agr. Exp. Sta. (Berkeley, Calif.) Circ. 347.

[6] MALAVOLTA, E. e T. COURY, 1954 - Práticas de Química Agrícola. E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba). Mimeografado.

[7] MALAVOLTA, E., T. COURY, D. PELLEGRINO e H. P. HAAG, 1955-a -- Nitrificação e aproveitamento de alguns adubos nitrogenados no arenito de Bauru. Rev. Agr. XXX (4-5-6): 133-151.

[8] MALAVOLTA, E., R. CAMARGO e H. P. HAAG, 1955-b - Nota sobre a nitrificação por fungos do solo. Bol. n. 13 - I. Zimotécnico (Piracicaba).

[9] MITSCHERLICH, E. A., 1930 - Die Bestimmung des Dungerbedurfnisses des Bodens, Dritte Auflage, Paul Parey, Berlin.

[10] PAIVA NETTO, J. E., R. A. CATANI, M. S. QUEIROZ e A. KUPPER, 1950 - Contribuição ao estudo dos métodos analíticos e de extração para a caracterização química dos solos do Eseado de S. Paulo. An. 1a. Reu. Bras. Ciência do Solo (Rio de Janeiro): 79-109.

[11] PIMENTEL GOMES, F., 1954 - A comparação entre médias de tratamentos na análise da variância. An. Esc. Sup. Agr. "L. Queiroz", U. S. P. (Piracicaba) 11: 1-12.

[12] SCHMIDT, E. L., 1954 - Nitrate formation by a soil fungus. Science 119: 187-189.