Análise de poliembrionia em Citrus, máxime em toranjas

Gurgel, J. T. A.; Soubihe Sobº, J.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761951000100029

Resumo

1 - This paper is a joined publication of the Dept. of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, and Secção de Citricultura e Frutas Tropicais, Instituto Agronômico, de Campinas, and deal with the number of seed per fruit and the polyembryony in Citrus, with special reference to the pummelos (C. grandis). 2 - For C. pectinifera, hibrid limon x acid lime, C. histrix and Citrus sp. the mean of seeds per fruit is 5,8 - 17,3 - 30,2 -94,6; for 14 pummelos the average was 100 and the range of variation 11 to 185 seeds per fruit. For the four above mentioned Citrus the cotyledons were classified into 3 types: big (near 8 mm.), medium (near 6 mm) and small (near 4 mm) and for the pummelos there was only one size of cotyledons, about 10 mm (table 1). 3 - The polyembryony was determined by two processes: a) counting of the embryos in the mature seed; b) counting after germination in flats or seed-beds. The rasults obtained are in table 2; the process a gave larger results than process b.The following pummelos are monoembryonics: melancia, inerme, Kaune Paune, sunshine, vermelha, Singapura, periforme, Zamboa, doce, Indochina, Lau-Tau, Shantenyau and Siamesa. Sometime it was found a branching of the main stem that gave a impression of polyembryonic seeds. 4 - It was shown by the x2 test that the distribution of embryo numbers fits the Poisson's series (table 2) in both processes. 5 - It is discussed in table 2 the variability of polyembryony for the following cases: a) between plants, within years. The teste for the differences of mean of polyembryony between 3 plants of C. pectinifera is statistically significant in 1948 and 1949; b) between yields of the same plant, within year. The same case of C. pectinifera may be used for this purpose; c) between process, within year. It is shown in table 3, for C. pectinifera and the hibrid "limon x acid lime" that there is a statistically signicicant between both process above mentioned.

^IAssistente e docente-livre da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", de Piracicaba

^IIEngenheiro Agrônomo, Secção de Citricultura e Frutas Tropicais, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas

SUMMARY

1 - This paper is a joined publication of the Dept. of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, and Secção de Citricultura e Frutas Tropicais, Instituto Agronômico, de Campinas, and deal with the number of seed per fruit and the polyembryony in Citrus, with special reference to the pummelos (C. grandis).

2 - For C. pectinifera, hibrid limon x acid lime, C. histrix and Citrus sp. the mean of seeds per fruit is 5,8 - 17,3 - 30,2 -94,6; for 14 pummelos the average was 100 and the range of variation 11 to 185 seeds per fruit. For the four above mentioned Citrus the cotyledons were classified into 3 types: big (near 8 mm.), medium (near 6 mm) and small (near 4 mm) and for the pummelos there was only one size of cotyledons, about 10 mm (table 1).

3 - The polyembryony was determined by two processes: a) counting of the embryos in the mature seed; b) counting after germination in flats or seed-beds. The rasults obtained are in table 2; the process a gave larger results than process b.The following pummelos are monoembryonics: melancia, inerme, Kaune Paune, sunshine, vermelha, Singapura, periforme, Zamboa, doce, Indochina, Lau-Tau, Shantenyau and Siamesa. Sometime it was found a branching of the main stem that gave a impression of polyembryonic seeds.

4 - It was shown by the x2 test that the distribution of embryo numbers fits the Poisson's series (table 2) in both processes.

5 - It is discussed in table 2 the variability of polyembryony for the following cases: a) between plants, within years. The teste for the differences of mean of polyembryony between 3 plants of C. pectinifera is statistically significant in 1948 and 1949; b) between yields of the same plant, within year. The same case of C. pectinifera may be used for this purpose; c) between process, within year. It is shown in table 3, for C. pectinifera and the hibrid "limon x acid lime" that there is a statistically signicicant between both process above mentioned.

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Os autores agradecem ao prof. F. Brieger e eng. agr. Silvio Moreira, respectivamente, Chefes das Secção de Genética da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" e da Secção de Citricultura e Frutas Tropicais do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, pelas sugestões e orientações dadas no desenvolvimento dêste trabalho; aos engenheiros agrônomos Clovis de Toledo Pisa e Carlos Roessing, Chefes da Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Limeira, pelo fornecimento de material científico do pomar da referida Estação Experimental.

LITERATURA CITADA

STRASSBURGER, E., 1878 - Ueber Polyembryonie. Jenaische Ztschr. fur Naturw. 12: 647-667.
WEBBER, H. J., 1900 - Complications in Citrus hybridization caused by polyembryony. Science 11: 308.
OSAWA, I., 1912 - Cytological and experimental studies in Citrus. Jour. Col. Agr. Imp. Univ. Tokio 4: 83-116.
FROST, H. B., 1926 - Polyembryony, Heterozygosis and Chimeras in Citrus. Hilgardia 1: 365-402.
TOXOPEUS, H. J., 1930-31 - De Polyembrionie Van Citrus. Haar Betekenis Voor de Cultuur, Landbouw. 6: 1-15.
WEBBER, H. J., 1931 - The economic importance of apogamy in Citrus and Mangifera. Proceed. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 28: 57-61.
SWINGLE, W. T., 1932 - Recapitulation of seedling, characters by nucelar buds developing in the embryo sac of Citrus. Proceed. Sixty Internat. Cong. Genetics 2: 196-197.
TORRES, J. P., 1932 - Progress report on Citrus Hybridization. The Philip. Jour. Agric. 3: 217-229.
WEBBER, H. J., 1932 - Variation in Citrus Seedling and their Relation to Rootstock Selection. Hilgardia 7: 1-79.
TRAUB, Hamilton P., 1936 - Artificial control of nucellar embryony in Citrus. Science 83: 165-166.
TORRES, J. P., 1936 - Polyembryony in Citrus and study of hybrid seedlings Philip. Jour. Agrc. 7: 37-58.
FROST, H. B., 1938 - The Genetics and Citology of Citrus. Current. Sci. Especial Number of Genetics. 24-27.
HODGSON, R. W., 1938 - Effects on reproduction by nucellar embriony on clonal characteristics in Citrus. Jour. Heredity 29: 417-419.
BRIEGER, F. G., S. MOREIRA e Z. LEME, 1941 - Estudo sôbre melhoramento da laranja Baía III. Bragantia 1: 567-610.
MOREIRA, S., 1941 - Experiências de cavalos para Citrus I. Bragantia 1: 525-565.
MOREIRA, S. e J. T. A. GUARGEL, 1941 - A fertilidade do pólen e sua correlação com o número de sementes, em espécies e formas do gênero Citrus. Bragantia 1: 669-711.
FROST, H. B., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany, and Breeding) pg. 767-913. la. ed., Univ. Cal. Press, Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.
SWINGLE, W. T., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany and Breeding), pag. 129-472, la. ed., Univ. Cal. Press., Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.
WEBBER, H. J., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany and Breeding) pg. 475-668, la. ed., Univ. Cal Press, Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.
BACCHI, O., 1944 - Observações citológicas em Citrus III. Megasporogênese, fertilização e poliembrionia. Bragantia 4: 405-412.
GURGEL, J. T. A., 1945 - Análise Estatística da Distribuição de Poisson. Anais da E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" 2: 300-319.
BRIEGER, F. G., 1946 - Limites unilaterais e bilaterais na análise estatística. Bragantia 6: 479-546.
MOREIRA, S., J. T. A. GURGEL e LINEU F. de ARRUDA, 1947 - Poliembrionia em Citrus. Bragantia 7: 69-106.
LEROY, J. F., 1947 - La polyembryonie chez les "Citrus". Sont intéret dans la culture et amélioration. Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agr. Trop. 301-302: 483-495.
MAHESHWARf, P., 1950 - An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. pág. 400, 1a. ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York.
GURGEL, J. T. A. e J. SOUBIHE SOB^ş, 1951 - Número de sementes por fruto e poliembrionia em Myrtaceae frutíferas. Bragantia, (em impressão).

**Análise de poliembrionia em Citrus, máxime em toranjas**

J. T. A. Gurgel^I ; J. Soubihe Sobº^II

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
06 Nov 2012
Data do Fascículo
1951

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] STRASSBURGER, E., 1878 - Ueber Polyembryonie. Jenaische Ztschr. fur Naturw. 12: 647-667.

[2] WEBBER, H. J., 1900 - Complications in Citrus hybridization caused by polyembryony. Science 11: 308.

[3] OSAWA, I., 1912 - Cytological and experimental studies in Citrus. Jour. Col. Agr. Imp. Univ. Tokio 4: 83-116.

[4] FROST, H. B., 1926 - Polyembryony, Heterozygosis and Chimeras in Citrus. Hilgardia 1: 365-402.

[5] TOXOPEUS, H. J., 1930-31 - De Polyembrionie Van Citrus. Haar Betekenis Voor de Cultuur, Landbouw. 6: 1-15.

[6] WEBBER, H. J., 1931 - The economic importance of apogamy in Citrus and Mangifera. Proceed. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 28: 57-61.

[7] SWINGLE, W. T., 1932 - Recapitulation of seedling, characters by nucelar buds developing in the embryo sac of Citrus. Proceed. Sixty Internat. Cong. Genetics 2: 196-197.

[8] TORRES, J. P., 1932 - Progress report on Citrus Hybridization. The Philip. Jour. Agric. 3: 217-229.

[9] WEBBER, H. J., 1932 - Variation in Citrus Seedling and their Relation to Rootstock Selection. Hilgardia 7: 1-79.

[10] TRAUB, Hamilton P., 1936 - Artificial control of nucellar embryony in Citrus. Science 83: 165-166.

[11] TORRES, J. P., 1936 - Polyembryony in Citrus and study of hybrid seedlings Philip. Jour. Agrc. 7: 37-58.

[12] FROST, H. B., 1938 - The Genetics and Citology of Citrus. Current. Sci. Especial Number of Genetics. 24-27.

[13] HODGSON, R. W., 1938 - Effects on reproduction by nucellar embriony on clonal characteristics in Citrus. Jour. Heredity 29: 417-419.

[14] BRIEGER, F. G., S. MOREIRA e Z. LEME, 1941 - Estudo sôbre melhoramento da laranja Baía III. Bragantia 1: 567-610.

[15] MOREIRA, S., 1941 - Experiências de cavalos para Citrus I. Bragantia 1: 525-565.

[16] MOREIRA, S. e J. T. A. GUARGEL, 1941 - A fertilidade do pólen e sua correlação com o número de sementes, em espécies e formas do gênero Citrus. Bragantia 1: 669-711.

[17] FROST, H. B., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany, and Breeding) pg. 767-913. la. ed., Univ. Cal. Press, Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.

[18] SWINGLE, W. T., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany and Breeding), pag. 129-472, la. ed., Univ. Cal. Press., Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.

[19] WEBBER, H. J., 1943 - Em Citrus Industry I (History, Botany and Breeding) pg. 475-668, la. ed., Univ. Cal Press, Berkeley e Los Angeles, U. S. A.

[20] BACCHI, O., 1944 - Observações citológicas em Citrus III. Megasporogênese, fertilização e poliembrionia. Bragantia 4: 405-412.

[21] GURGEL, J. T. A., 1945 - Análise Estatística da Distribuição de Poisson. Anais da E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz" 2: 300-319.

[22] BRIEGER, F. G., 1946 - Limites unilaterais e bilaterais na análise estatística. Bragantia 6: 479-546.

[23] MOREIRA, S., J. T. A. GURGEL e LINEU F. de ARRUDA, 1947 - Poliembrionia em Citrus. Bragantia 7: 69-106.

[24] LEROY, J. F., 1947 - La polyembryonie chez les "Citrus". Sont intéret dans la culture et amélioration. Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agr. Trop. 301-302: 483-495.

[25] MAHESHWARf, P., 1950 - An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. pág. 400, 1a. ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York.

[26] GURGEL, J. T. A. e J. SOUBIHE SOB^ş, 1951 - Número de sementes por fruto e poliembrionia em Myrtaceae frutíferas. Bragantia, (em impressão).

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Análise de poliembrionia em Citrus, máxime em toranjas

Resumo

**Análise de poliembrionia em Citrus, máxime em toranjas**

Datas de Publicação